Research on Classroom Thermal Environment during the Summer in Chongqing

In this paper, the university teaching buildings in Chongqing are taken as study object, and the indoor thermal environment of classroom is studied with the ways of investigation and testing, in which the indoor thermal environment of classroom is characterized by two aspects: personal and impersonal. The accepted thermal environment range of the classroom in summer is obtained. The difference between predicted thermal sensation and measured one as well as the influence of air velocity on thermal sensation are analyzed. Some measures to improve indoor thermal quality are proposed.     

Research on Thermal Environment of Healthy City Residence

After "SARS", people introspect on the human settlement, and the health conception becomes the focal point of attention.The thermal environment is the important content of the human settlement and a good thermal environment is the premise of healthy city, healthy residence and people's health.In this paper, the property and affection of the thermal environment are analyzed and the principle and the way to improve the thermal environment of city residence are investigated.All play an important role in the healthy human settlement.     

Effect of Natural Resource on Improving Indoor Thermal Environment in Chongqing

Analyzes the potentials of natural resource to improve the indoor thermal environment in Chongqing through the statistical analysis of natural resource including solar energy, wind, water and earth etc. The building forms, systems and principle of usage of natural resources are briefly analyzed through the building site-decision, building form design and computer simulation which will be the real reference for the design of building energy efficiency.     

Analysis Method for Outdoor Thermal Environment of Residential Community

The physical model was simple in current outdoor thermal environment research, thus a new analysis method based on image processing was presented. With the combination of image processing and mathematical model, the new method was used to analyze the outdoor thermal environment of residential area and was validated by the comparison between the data from experiment and simulation. The results provide a new method for the simulation of outdoor thermal environment.     

Influence of Indoor Thermal Environment on Thermal Comfort of Human Body

Analyses the thermal environment parameters from physiological aspect and from psychological aspect respectively. Introduces the conception of thermal comfort of human body from heat balance aspect. Presents some measures to improve indoor thermal environment and advance thermal comfort of human body. Analyses the influence of indoor thermal environment on thermal comfort of human body and some questions on the aspect of this research, also puts forward some advices.     

Seasonal Characteristics of Thermal Environment in Urban Public Space of the Urban in Hot-summer and Cold-winter Region

Thermal environment in urban public space is considered as an important factor affecting thermal comfort of human beings. In the whole year, thermal environment in public space of the city in hot-summer and cold-winter zone changes dramatically, which has an effect on human thermal comfort. In this study, three typical public spaces including street, park and square of Changsha were selected for a long-term experiment of thermal environment. Based on the analysis of four significant thermal environment parameters-air temperature, relative humidity, global temperature and wind speed, seasonal characteristics of thermal environment in urban public space were obtained. The results show that the characteristics of urban thermal environment are determined by natural climate, while the physical structure of a city has essential impact on the changes of local outdoor thermal environment. Affected by plants (trees) and water (Xiangjiang river) air temperature of the street along the street is much lower, relative humidity is higher and solar radiation is weaker in most of the year. Compared to the street along the river, air temperature of the square is higher and solar radiation is stronger.     

Urban Thermal Environment Planning of Yunyang County Assisted with the Computer Simulation

With the computer simulation of the thermal environment in the Yunyang County,combined with the data of measurement on the spot,the thermal environment of the actual state is analyzed,and some advice to urban planning are given from the viewpoint of outdoor thermal environment.It is proven that the computer simulation is an advantageous means to help the analysis of the thermal environment in urban planning.     

Effect of Moisture on Indoor Thermal Environment

In the past, the temperature was used as the sole quota to control the indoor thermal environment in hot summer and cold winter areas of China, but a major quota, the relative air moisture, was often ignored. In this paper, the effect of relative air moisture on indoor thermal environment is analyzed. The results show that the energy consumption can be reduced and comfortable thermal environment can be provided under natural condition by regulating the indoor moisture.     

发动机燃烧室内壁材料热环境的气动热试验模拟技术研究

利用超声速矩形湍流导管和等离子电弧加热器模拟了发动机燃烧室内流和高超声速飞行器外壁面外流热环境,进行了平板表面冷壁热流测量和燃烧室内壁材料考核试验。结果表明:由于辐射换热的影响,在选取的两个典型来流条件下,发动机燃烧室内流热环境下的冷壁热流比外流热环境下的高出21%和40%,但是冷壁热流的增量基本相当,约为0.70~0.80MW/m²。随着冷壁热流的增加,辐射换热产生的热流增量的影响力会逐渐减小。材料考核时,相同配方的C/SiC复合材料在内流热环境下的表面温度高出约400℃,背面温度高出约90℃,这种差异对于发动机燃烧室内壁面材料考核至关重要,必须在材料考核试验中加以考虑。      

大庆市城市扩展与地表热环境变化研究

本研究从城市热岛的空间分布与土地利用类型着手,选取1990、2001、2006年3年的Landsat TM/ETM遥感数据,采用单窗算法对大庆市地表温度进行反演,通过从热岛强度、不同类型下垫面转换对温度的影响,以及温度重心转移等方面分析了大庆市地表温度随城市扩展的变化规律。结果表明：大庆市的城镇面积、城镇用地比重与城市的扩展程度均呈现相同的变化趋势,即持续增长趋势;同时,大庆市高温区的面积在1990与2006年期间呈现出持续增长的趋势,而低温区与常温区面积则表现为不同程度的减少趋势;在对下垫面热效应贡献研究中,城市用地较其他类型地块对其贡献最大,而在其他类型下垫面地块向城市用地的转换过程中,均表现出正温度效应;大庆市城市扩展方向与下垫面温度场变化方向相同,因此城市地表热环境发生改变的主要原因是城市用地的扩张。     

Thermal Adaptation to Free-Eunning Environment of Apartments in Beijing:Individual Level

Occupant’s thermal adaptation to free-running environment of apartments in summer was studied at an individual level.The relationship between indoor environmental parameters and occupant’s thermal sensation to indoor environment has been developed. Moreover, the effects of indoor temperature and relative humidity, as well as the interaction effects of the two parameters on occupant’s thermal sensation have been analyzed. On this basis, the characteristics of occupant’s adaptation to indoor temperature and relative humidity have be identified simultaneously. One particular individual dweller in Beijing has been selected to study the thermal adaptation by applying the method to practice.     

Analysis on Summer Thermal Environment Characteristic of a TeachingBuilding Cluster and Validation of Its Calculation Model

A 33-hour field test of outdoor thermal environment was carried out in a typical teaching building cluster located in the hot and humid zone in summer. From the experiment results of local climate data, air temperature, humidity, wind velocity and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) at the pedestrian-level, and the typical ground surface temperature, the main characteristics of summer outdoor thermal environment of teaching building cluster in hot and humid zone are obtained. The results show that the patio, overhead and porous pavement can reduce the pedestrian air temperature and WBGT effectively at summer daytime. And the function of the following design methods to improve the outdoor thermal comfort at the summer daytime has the order like overhead>patio>porous pavement>imporous pavement>concrete road. The WBGT at all measuring points at nighttime are almost the same. The test results are further used to verify the existing mathematical models of outdoor velocity and WBGT. The results show that the relative errors are within 6%. Then, the calculation values are in good agreement with the experimental values.     

Environment Principle in the City Illumination

Through the analysis on components of the environment,the essential factors affecting the city illumination,such as human beings,light and objects,are discussed in this paper with the help of environment psychology.On the basis of people's visual characteristics and psychological needs,the characters of illumination of the city in whole,city square,buildings and garden landscape are summarized and the laws of city illumination are revealed.It is found that designing the city illumination should create not only a visual environment but coordination with city spatial elements and physiological sense of human beings,offering a psychological environment in harmony with function atmosphere.The author finally puts forward his thinking on city illumination which combines the natural condition,object form,people's visual characteristics and environmental features based on the environment principle.     

Improvement of Urban Thermal Environment by Ecological Measures of Solar Control for Buildings

In this paper, traditional measures of solar control for buildings were analyzed with the view of sustainable development.The field test results show the good ecological effect of covering building external surface with plants.The necessity and possibility of adopting ecological measures of solar control for buildings was discussed.     

基于主成分分析法的铜川市环境脆弱性研究

摘要：基于2001-2007年铜川市的生态环境统计数据,运用主成分分析法分析了铜川市的环境的脆弱性的变动规律。结果显示：铜川市的环境脆弱性指数在2001-2007年之间,呈现出“大幅上升--大幅下降--小幅上升--小幅下降”的变化规律。在这7年中,只有2005、2007年的环境脆弱性指数小于1,处于轻微脆弱状态;其余5年的环境脆弱性指数均大于1,处于严重脆弱状态。其中环境脆弱性指数最大的年份2002（6.5624）是最小的年份2005年（0.3259）的20.13倍。建议铜川市政府应该加大污染治理本年投资总额、增加人均区绿地面积、提高工业废水排放达标量和排放达标率、控制噪声等方面继续做出不懈的努力。     

On the Pattern of Rural Human Settlement Environment Construction in Yunnan''s Mountain Region

The laggard status of rural human settlement environment of mountain region in Yunnan Province affected the balanced development between city and countryside, so accelerating its construction is the urgent need of rural development. In this paper, the characteristics and realistic influence of traditional pattern of rural human settlement environment construction in Yunnan mountain region are expounded. Moreover, it puts forward the construction pattern, which depends on the development of small towns by analyzing the connection among natural environment characteristics, society and economy innovation and the pattern of human settlement environment construction. At last, several advices are brought forward for the actual action of rural human settlement environment construction in future.     

Thermal Adaptation after Earthquake

Thermal adaptation after earthquake is analyzed under the special condition of destructed houses and fundamental facilities.Field investigation and questionnaire survey were carried out after Wenchuan earthquake.The thermal adaptation model is also used to study the capacity variation of thermal adaptation.Through the comparison with the thermal adaptation under the common condition,it shows the thermal adaptation under the special condition has improved.And the causes for the changes are analyzed.     

重庆地区农村住宅地面的热湿状态

为全面改善农村住宅热湿环境,调查研究了重庆农村住宅常用地面在春夏季节的热湿状态。对农村住宅的调查和典型住宅地面的现场实测显示,农村住宅室内地面潮湿现象普遍,水泥地面的潮湿比例最高,6月份室内空气和地面的湿度最大,室内地面温度比空气温度低2℃左右,在潮湿天气,修建较早的住宅室内地面凝结时数比例接近60%。结果表明,农村住宅地面的热湿状态亟待改善。