4SY-2.2型油菜割晒机设计与试验

针对现有油菜割晒机铺放质量差,导致后熟时间不可控、后续捡拾损失大的问题,设计4SY-2.2型油菜割晒机,可实现油菜的分禾、切割、输送和铺放作业。对油菜茎秆在铺放台上和离开铺放台的运动过程进行分析,给出油菜茎秆能顺利被推送、抛出铺放台的条件。对油菜茎秆离开铺放台后的运动分析可知,油菜的铺放角与油菜本身的生物学特征、割晒机的结构参数和割晒机的运动参数有关。田间试验表明,割晒机作业后形成的油菜铺条整齐性和一致性较好,测得铺放角平均值48.4°,铺放厚度平均值511.6 mm,铺放宽度平均值797.8 mm,割茬高度平均值365.5 mm,铺放质量满足后熟条件和后续捡拾的作业要求。     

Rapid Prototyping:A New Method of Digital-Architecture Design Study

This research explores the enlightenment on the design conceptualization and visualization in digital architecture.This study uses 3D models as the main source of data,taking the process of design development as its object.A rapid prototyping(RP) technology is used for 3D color output of design models.The substantiated digital models are used as an important media in design interaction.It is found from the study that RP models were an important media in connecting the virtual world and the real world.Designers could verify their intentions and thus increase efficiency by switching between both worlds.The surface attributes of components and the characteristics of architectural spaces could be merges with images,as a way to extend the freedom in the declaration of a surface's appearance.The large amount of design information can be simplified by explicit visualizing design data.     

作物分子设计育种

优质、多抗、抗逆和高产作物新品种的选育和推广是实现我国粮食安全的重要途径。目前大多数育种工作仍然建立在表型选择和育种家的经验之上,育种效率低下;另一方面,生物信息数据库积累的数据量极其庞大,由于缺乏必要的数据整合技术,可资育种工作者利用的信息却非常有限。作物分子设计育种将在多层次水平上研究植物体所有成分的网络互作行为和在生长发育过程中对环境反应的动力学行为;继而使用各种“组学”数据,在计算机平台上对植物体的生长、发育和对外界反应行为进行预测;然后根据具体育种目标,构建品种设计的蓝图;最终结合育种实践培育出符合设计要求的农作物新品种。设计育种的核心是建立以分子设计为目标的育种理论和技术体系,通过各种技术的集成与整合,对生物体从基因（分子）到整体（系统）不同层次进行设计和操作,在实验室对育种程序中的各种因素进行模拟、筛选和优化,提出最佳的亲本选配和后代选择策略,实现从传统的“经验育种”到定向、高效的“精确育种”的转化,以大幅度提高育种效率。     

虚拟植物的发展概况与应用

近三十年来,随着计算机技术的发展,虚拟植物的研究取得了显著进步,已经成为精准农业的一项核心技术,并在多个领域中得到了广泛的应用。本文概述了虚拟植物的发展历史和近年来的研究现状,并根据现有的技术缺陷分析了虚拟植物未来的发展方向,最后介绍了虚拟植物在科学实验、精准农业、教育培训和动漫影视中的实际应用。     

Researches on Heat Flow Meter with Own Intellectual Property

In this paper ,the innovational research is based on widely absorbing patents and applied technique at home and abroad and pointing out the disadvantage and ameliorative method of heat/low meter. According to the principle of therrnopile, and the three - dimensional loop wire laying is substituted by new - style plane wire laying. The construction and manufacture of new - style heat flow meter is declared. The new method will facilitate the manufacture and reduce the cost and the high precision feeler is assured by consistent line length, capacitance, resistance and inductance and the cost of determination in present demarcation will be cheaper than traditional feeler of heat flow meter. The high precision energy saving detection instrument is provided for the field of heat energy.     

基于红边参数的棉花冠层叶片氮积累量之估算研究

测试了棉花2个品种4水平种植密度的4个关键生育时期冠层反射光谱,应用微分技术处理棉花冠层反射光谱,提取了红边(680～750nm)波段范围的最大一阶微分值(Dr)和红边面积(SDr)参数。分析了棉花冠层红边参数在不同生育期的变化特征和棉花吐絮期的两种生长类型的冠层红边状况,表明红边位置可以指示它们的氮素状况。以新陆早8号的SDr为自变量与对应的LNA为因变量进行相关分析,SDr与冠层LNA达1%极显著相关(R=0.9186**,n=32),利用其构建的模型方程估算新陆早6号的LNA,实测LNA和估测LNA的估计标准差为0.8909g/m2,估算精度为88.1%(R=0.9277**,n=32),说明采用高光谱提取的红边参数信息是无损实时、快捷评价棉花氮素状况的有效方法。     

Product Development Method Based on Product Development Domain

Product development is an integrated and interactive process. This paper proposes that there are three domains in the process of product development, i.e. product domain, organization domain and process domain, viewed at three angles of product, organization and process of product development. It is proposed that product domain is the core of these three domains, and then gets interrelations within them. The method of classifying parts and components in product domain is put forward, and the corresponding organization domain and process domain are put forward. The direction of parts and components domain is pointed out. In the end, this paper gives an example applied to the method in a motorcycle enterprise.     

苯酚—硫酸法测定普鲁兰含量

苯酚—硫酸法是测定多糖的常用方法,其基本原理是:选用乙醇除去样品中的单糖、低聚糖等干扰成分,然后用去离子水提取样品中所含的多糖类成分。多糖在浓硫酸作用下,水解成单糖,并迅速脱水生成糠醛衍生物,与苯酚缩合成有色化合物,然后用比色法测定其多糖含量。选用苯酚—硫酸法进行普鲁兰多糖测定条件的研究,获得最佳测定条件为:水浴时间15min,水浴温度100℃,浓硫酸5.0mL,苯酚1.0mL,放置时间5min。     

Extensive Noise Control Model for Plastic & Rubber Sulfuration and Simulation

For the problem of precision and real time control in the process of sulfuration,a new control model is put forward.All the noise existing in the sulfuration process are unified as one kind noise named as extensive noise,and the control system is self-adaptive in the process.The purpose of this strategy is to solve the problem preferred.The model comprises of two parts: one is Neutral Networks which deals with the advance sort,the other is dynamic self-adaptive system which is used to find the system's factors.The simulation result of dynamic self-adaptive system shows that this extensive noise controlled model is valid in the process.     

Rapid Manufacturing of Grinding Wheel Based on Stereo Lithography Principle

Applying a photopolymer resin instead of thermopolymer resin as a bonding material,a rapid manufacturing of grinding wheel is realized on the basis of rapid prototyping.The new grinding wheel could be enhanced by compounded with silica powder.The research shows a thin dicing blade could be solidified within tens of second or a grinding wheel within several minutes.A series of grinding and dicing experiments on silicon indicate that the photopolymer resin grinding wheel has the same ability of working precision as the thermopolymer resin grinding wheel.     

Heterogeneous Spaces in the City: Study on Spatial Characteristics of Tibetan Settlements in Chengdu

Settlement of the minorities is a particular heterogeneous space in a metropolis,and such spaces exist as inseparable parts of the city for historical,social and geopolitical reasons.Taking Tibetan settlement in Wuhou District,Chengdu City for example,this study analyzed spatial features and evolution history of minority settlements,and explored how to respect and accept historic signifi cance and cultural value of these heterogeneous spaces during the rapid urban development,and then use them reasonably and reform creatively,so as to maintain their original spatial features and integrate the spaces into the overall urban structure.     

离体筛选甘蓝抗性变异体及其生化特性研究

利用多步正筛选系统 ,以不同剂量的60 Coγ -射线对甘蓝离体再生不定芽进行诱变处理 ,处理后的无性系经连续多代离体筛选后 ,获得了甘蓝抗性变异体C4 - 6K ,C4 - 8K ,C4 - 12K ,再生植株。甘蓝抗性变异体对HYP表现抗性 ,且抗性保持相对稳定 ;变异体游离脯氨酸的含量比野生型有了很大的提高 ;游离氨基酸总量亦较野生型高 ,且多种游离氨基酸的含量发生变化 ,除胱氨酸含量微少 ,天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸的含量较野生型有所下降外 ,其他 11种游离氨基酸的含量均有不同程度的提高 ,以精氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸的含量增加最为明显。在水分胁迫、盐分胁迫、高温胁迫等逆境条件下 ,甘蓝抗性变异体表现出比野生型更耐旱、耐盐 ,变异体和野生型对高温胁迫表现的抗性差异不大 ;SOD ,POD活性均高于野生型 ;MDA含量较野生型低 ,以上的情况表明变异体比野生型有更强的抗逆性     

New Technology of Profile Grindng for Tow Teeth Difference Cyclodal Gear

Two teeth diffenence cyclodal gears are the key parts in cyclodal reducer. The plate abrasive wheel method which is widely used at home has very low precision and productivity. So it' s the common problem to be immediately solved. The profile grinding technology discussed in this paper has been proved by practical production to be an efficient and economical cycodal gear manufacturing method.     

基于连接酶检测反应的NPY基因多态与清远麻鸡繁殖性状的相关性研究

基因多态性蕴藏着大量遗传信息,分型技术是研究多态性的主要研究手段。本文建立了一个基于聚合酶链反应-连接酶检测反应的基因多态性检测系统,探讨清远麻鸡神经肽Y基因（NPY）的多态性,并分析其对清远麻鸡开产日龄、开产蛋重、开产体重、40周平均蛋重、50周平均蛋重以及52周产蛋数的遗传效应。对NPY基因转录起始去4 bp的缺失突变进行基因型分型,结果同直接测序分型结果一致。不同基因型个体间仅在开产体重上存在显著差异,BB型个体的开产体重显著低于AA和AB型个体。     

Parameter estimation of the carbon oxidation process of the activated sludge model using respirometry

A new hybrid respirometer is used to measure the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of COD aerobic biodegradation process. Parameter identification and estimation of carbon oxidation process of an Activated Sludge Model are studied by combining the OUR data and mathematical fitting of curves. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for the three combined parameters estimated are below 13% for activated sludge from a laboratory and below 8% for activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. For single parameter estimation, the CVs are below 25% and below 10%, respectively. High measurement frequency and precision of the hybrid respirometer can improve the precision of parameter estimation. Initial concentrations of the substrate and the activated sludge of the respirometric experiment are key conditions that must be optimized to obtain high precision parameter estimation due to their effect on OUR curve characteristics.     

神经生长因子免疫反应产物在鸡产蛋期圆核中表达的变化

采用免疫组织化学SP法,对鸡繁殖期间脑中圆核内神经生长因子的表达及变化进行了研究。间脑冰冻切片,DAB显色,计算机图像分析。结果发现在120d出现NGF免疫阳性神经元,随时间推移,NGF表达显著增高,于240d达到表达高峰,后随日龄增加表达下降,到产蛋后期,NGF免疫反应最弱。结果表明 神经生长因子的表达,与视觉信息的刺激和生殖状况具有一定的相关性。     

Designing crop management systems by simulation

To help agricultural advisors to propose innovative crop management systems, simulation models can be a complementary tool to field experiments and prototyping. Crop management systems can be modelled either by using a vector representing dates and quantities used as input parameters in crop models or by developing specific decision models linked with biophysical models. The general design process of crop management systems by simulation follows a four-step loop (GSEC): (i) generation; (ii) simulation; (iii) evaluation; (iv) comparison and choice. The Generation step can follow different approaches: from blind generation before simulation to optimization procedures using artificial intelligence algorithms during the loop process. Simulation is mainly an engineering problem. Evaluation process means assigning a vector of indicators to the simulated crop management systems. A three-point evaluation can be carried out on the simulated crop management systems: global, agronomic and analytical. Comparison and choice of different simulated crop management systems raise the question of “monetary” versus “non-monetary” comparison and how to aggregate different quantities such as drainage, nitrogen fertilisers, labour, etc. Different examples are given to illustrate the GSEC loop on the basis of research programs conducted in France. Methodological advances and challenges are then discussed.     

Studies on Dust-Laying with Swirl-Water Jet

The main optimum parameters of laying dust for mine is introduced in this pa-per.The related parameters of laying dust with swirl,pulsed and ordinary water jet are analysed re-spectively at different water pressures.     

窄冠福建柏人工林生长过程分析

为了解窄冠福建柏人工林生长特征及规律,制定其有效经营措施,采用树干解析法及Richards方程对三明市沙县窄冠福建柏的树高、胸径和材积的生长过程进行分析。结果表明：窄冠福建柏人工林在整个生长过程中,树高连年生长量有4个波峰,其中8年生时达到生长高峰,为0.85 m/a,平均生长量与连年生长量在第16年首次相交;胸径连年生长量出现2次峰值,分别为0.76 cm/a（第8年）和2.44 cm/a（第24年）,平均生长量与连年生长量在28年生时相交,胸径快速生长期0—28年的生长量为26.08 cm,占总生长量的87.81%;材积连年生长量在26年生时达到最大值,为0.0354 m³,至32年生时,窄冠福建柏人工林仍未达到数量成熟。Richards方程拟合窄冠福建柏树高、胸径和材积的生长过程效果均较好,相应的生长方程为：H=22.47×(1－e^-5.28)^1.66,R=0.9832;D=1326.49×(1－e^-2.13)^1.45,R=0.9291;V=3.89×(1－e^-2.51)^3.90,R=0.9979。窄冠福建柏生长率总体呈下降趋势,树高、胸径和材积三者生长率在0—10年内降幅较大,依次为45.31%、81.86%和52.4%,而10—32年,树高、胸径和材积的年平均生长率降幅均较小,分别为0.47%、0.74%和1.47%。研究结果可为窄冠福建柏营林生产实践提供科学依据。