Application of Sound Intensity Technique to Measure the Noise of Electromotor

This paper has explained the characteristics,virtue of sound intensity measurement and the principle. And compare with traditional sound pressure measurement. The principle and composing of virtual sound intensity measurement system based on two-channel FFT analysis are researched. The sound power of large turbogeneratorin operating site is determined by means of sound intensity measurement and sound pressuremeasurement. Itis demonstrated that the method of sound intensity measurement of engine is practicable and the measuring data are valid and the method conquers the problems of traditional method of sound pressure measurement which is apt to environmentinfluence and sound power measurement need to especially acoustic environment. It is proved that the sound intensity method is especially suited to determine highaccuratelythe sound Power level of the electrical machines operating in situated conditions especially in case of acoustically worst environments or on loadand themethod is so superiorityin noise measurement.     

Identification of Minibus''s Surface Noise Source

With the study of minbus's accelerated exterior noise control,the principle of sound intensity measurement was applied,the sound intensity of a minbus's surface noise was tested,and the surface noise distribution was presented.Several identification of noise source methods including sound power,sound intensity contour map,frequency spectrum were used together for surface noise analysis and study.Engine radiation noise and exhaust noise was identified as the major noise sources.On the contrary,car body vibration noise,tyre noise,transmission agent noise,air admission noise just occupied a little proportion of surface sound radiation energy.The research provides the reliable basis to determine main projects of minibus's accelerated exterior noise control.     

Study on Surface Noise Distribution of Three ring Reducer

The three ring reducer is a kind of gear drive developed in the past decade. Adopting the new conception of "parallel and movable axis" of multiple mechanisms, this kind of gear drive has many characteristics such as large transmission ratio, high efficiency and so on. As the three ring reducer has been invented only for ten years, up to date the design of the gear drive is only made with analogue method, no design theory can be followed, there exist serious vibration and noise in transmission, which limit its wide application in industry. In this paper, the transmission principle of SHQ50 reducer is studied, the surface noise distribution of the reducer, transmission ratio 49.5 , is measured and analyzed by means of sound intensity method. The 3D distribution maps of noise on top of reducer, input side and output side of reducer, and left side and right side of reducer are drawn. With the sound intensity frequency maps of each measuring point, the sources of giving out noise are analyzed. The reducer of low vibration and noise can be designed rightly according to the analysis.     

Experimental Research on Noise Reduction of Mini-car

By means of noise sources separation experiment of mini car and the surface acoustic intensity measurement of the engine, this paper finds that the main noise source of the mini car is the intake noise. According to the frequency spectrum analysis of the intake noise, the design frequency of the three cavity Helmholz intake silencer is determined. The results of the experiments show that the silencer, which is patented, has a remarkable effect, about 8 dB(A) decrement, on the noise reduction of the mini car.     

Analysis of Elevated Structure Radiated Noise with BEM-FEM Method

Urban rail transit is becoming an important means of transportation and elevated structure is one important part of urban rail transit. So the radiation noise induced by elevated structure attracts more and more attention. Based on the theory of Helmholtz integral equation of BEM and fluid-structure coupling system of FEM, the sound pressure transmission vector reflecting the relation between structural vibration acceleration and radiation of sound pressure is derived and solved by the element radiation superposition method. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data from a viaduct section of the Beijing airport rapid rail transit.     

Application of Electret Microphone in the Heart Sound Acquisition

Heart sound is a faint signal which is difficult to be acquired. This paper presents the methods for the heart sound acquisition used electret microphone,including the heart sound extraction project, principle, rules and the impedance conversion of microphone. In order to acquire the useful heart sound, the microphone is shielded by a special device. The clinical experiments have indicated that the first and second heart sound can be almost acquired by the microphone, but it is difficult for the third and fourth , which are affected by sex and bodily form.     

Application of Time-frequency Representations in Study on Heart Sound

Heart sound is non-stationary signal, some of its important characteristics can be obtained by time - frequency analysis method. The criteria of different time-frequency representation concentricity of spectrogram, coverage, MSE and regularity of time envelope axe proposed, the performances of Short-time Fourier transform, Wigner - Ville distribution, continuous wavelet transform, and S transform in study on heart sound are compared based on these criteria , and concrete example of application is given.     

作物覆盖度的近地面测量方法综述

作物覆盖度是农业生态学、作物栽培学和水土保持学等学科中的重要研究参数,因此如何快速和准确地地获得覆盖度数据对相关科技工作者具有实用价值。本文综述了国内外的作物覆盖度的近地面观测方法,将其归纳为三大类：地面实测类、动态模型类和遥感类,提出并评估了利用叶面积指数推导作物覆盖度的模型法。同时,在分析各种方法的特点和优势的基础上,对不同情形下的覆盖度方法的使用提出建议,最后对作物覆盖度测量方法可能的发展与研究方向作出了展望。以期为相关研究人员快速获得适宜的观测方法和方案提供参考。     

A Practical Method of Eliminating the White Noise of Partial Discharge with Wavelet

The white noise of PD(partial discharge) signal brings great difficult to the PD signal's processing, so eliminating the white noise is a necessary section. There are many methods of eliminating white noise, but none of them are suitable to the PD signal processing. Because PD signal and white noise have different Lipschitz exponents and different wavelet transform features in time-scales, a new eliminating white noise method has been brought forward that has simple operation and meets the timing need of PD signal's processing. After the processing with this method, the PD signal is not distortion and the effect of eliminating white noise is very good. This method can be applied to the processing of PD signal gotten from the site.     

PD Online Measurement of Transformers with Wide Frequency Band System and the Noise Eliminating Method by Cascaded IIR Lattice Notch Digital Filter

The frequency band of conventional partial discharge (PD) measurement systems is selected just within several ten kilohertz. With the development of computer and digital signal processing techniques, wide frequency band (WFB) measurement systems have been used to detect PD in electrical equipment for its higher sensitivity. Nevertheless, the WFB measurement systems are easy suffered from the interference of strong field electromagnetism noises. A set of PD online monitoring system with frequency band from 50 kHz to 1 megahertz used for transformer is developed, in which pre-processing device and cascaded 2nd order IIR lattice notch digital filter are mainly used to suppress periodic narrow-band interference. With analysis of field monitored signal at a 220 kV substation, it is shown that the monitoring system not only can detect and extract the discharge pulse signal effectively, but also has the powerful capability of suppressing interference.     

Application of an Improved Frame-difference Method Based on Video in Traffic Flow Measurement

How to remove the background , to eliminate the misdetection caused by vehicle changes road or it covers the detection window of the road detected partly, is a big problem to be handled in vehicle detection system.This paper presents an improved frame-difference method based on Video,and describes how to detect and count vehicles in detecting zone dynamically.With this method, we can count the vehicles passing by accurately, collect the traffic flow of each roadway reliably.We provide real-time traffic parameters for the ITS.     

基于EC-Probe仪器的土壤盐分原位测定及其在河北坝上地区的应用研究

目前中国测定土壤含盐量主要使用土壤浸提液法,而这种传统的方法操作繁琐,原位测定法相对更为便捷,但应用较少。使用EC-Probe仪器原位测定河北坝上部分地区土壤电导率,部分土样采用实验室土壤浸提液电导率法建立土壤盐分与土壤电导率之间的转换模型,通过该模型对坝上地区不同土地利用类型同一深度的土壤盐度进行测量,并分析了不同深度土壤盐度分布的主要规律。结果发现沼泽、耕地、森林、河漫滩和草地的土壤含盐量依次下降,研究发现该研究区域目前各种土地利用类型的土壤盐度均未达到盐碱化标准,但沼泽地和耕地的盐碱化风险较高,需加强生态保护。     

近36年藏东“三江”流域农业气候资源变化特征

为了解藏东"三江"流域农业气候资源的变化特征,为政府部门合理利用气候资源提供科学依据。利用藏东"三江"流域1980—2015年逐日气温、降水量、日照时数等资料,应用线性倾向估计、M-K突变检验等方法,分析近36年藏东"三江"流域热量、光照、降水资源的变化趋势及对农业生产的影响。结果表明:近36年,藏东"三江"流域年平均气温、日照时数、降水量呈增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为0.38℃/10 a、22.2 h/10 a、9.4 mm/10 a;流域内各站气温年、季变化趋势一致,日照时数与降水量年、季变化趋势差异较大;降水相对变率春季最大,夏季最小;≥0℃的初日提早、终日推迟,持续日数延长,积温增长。农业气候资源的变化将对藏东"三江"流域农业的发展产生巨大影响。     

Techniques of Dynamic Mesh in the CFD Transient Analysis of an Engine

Four techniques of dynamic mesh are Spring-based Smoothing, Dynamic Layering, Local Remeshing and the ALE method in the CFD transient simulation of engine. Based on those techniques, The authors analyze the improved measure of technique of dynamic mesh in the CFD transient analysis of the engine and propose the combined technique of dynamic mesh based on the finite volume method which is appropriate for. The CFD transient simulation of engine. At last, the 2D dynamic mesh method is applied to the typical pent-roof engine and the paper simulates the transient 3-D flow field at the tangent inlet of engine by applying the combined technique of dynamic mesh based on the finite volume method. The result of the simulation agrees well with experiment.     

近60年长江源区径流变化特征及趋势分析

为深入了解长江源径流的演变特征和变化趋势,笔者以长江源为研究区,采用集中度、集中期、线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验、模比系数差积曲线,研究了长江源区径流的年内、年际、年代际趋势性变化,突变点检测和丰枯周期性。结果显示：长江源区1956—2012年径流量总体呈显著增加趋势,上游径流量年际变化较下游剧烈。长江源径流集中度主要集中在55%~85%,上游集中度高于下游。集中期主要分布在7月下旬—8月上旬且有推后趋势。沱沱河站径流主要受降水和冰雪融水补给,直门达站径流主要受降水、冰雪融水和地下水补给。21世纪以来,长江源径流进入丰水期,直门达站比多年平均增加19.3%,上游沱沱河站增加更为明显,达53.8%。沱沱河站年径流量突变点发生在2005年。直门达站年径流量突变点发生在1961、1968、2008年。1956—2012年沱沱河站有1个完整的丰平枯周期,直门达站有3个丰平枯周期。     

岷江源区生态群落空间分布及植被恢复

为保护岷江地区生物多样性,恢复退化的植被本底资源尤为关键。笔者按岷江源区河谷植被退化梯度及流域-海拔梯度,设置“U”或“M”型临时观测样带,并采用样方法对乔木、灌木及草本进行详细调查。结果表明：（1）沿岷江源区河谷（流域-海拔梯度）剖面线设置“U”或“M”形样带3条,对植被和环境因子进行调查,共计73个样方316个物种,创建样地-物种数据库,运用DCA和DCCA排序及多元回归方法,得出DCA排序在AX1轴上,海拔由上到下逐渐增高,植被沿海拔分布的梯度格局得到很好地体现,在山体中部,植被结构出现多层,乔木种多为岷江冷杉和云杉及少量白桦。（2）用DCA分析法对岷江源区73个样方内316种植物进行排序分析,计算各群系DCA排序轴的平均值,结合前文DCA排序结果,即DCA排序轴反映的生态梯度关系及植物生理特征和生态适应性特点,得到岷江源区植被群系的演替关系为：云杉、冷杉针叶林-鲜卑花和绣线菊灌丛-锦鸡儿和小檗灌丛-白茅草甸。（3）在满足垂直分布规律的条件下,为植被不同生长型选择恢复的目标群落及物种,结果如下：①亚高山针叶林带：岷江冷杉+（峨眉蔷薇+金背杜鹃+冰川茶镳子）+（细弱草莓+东方草莓+丝叶苔草）,云杉+（峨眉蔷薇+窄叶鲜卑花+沙柳）+（细弱草莓+丝叶苔草+陕甘蓼+东方草莓）;②高山灌丛带：高山柳+披针苔草,窄叶鲜卑花+洽草,高山绣线菊+丝叶苔草,甘青锦鸡儿+密生苔草;③高山草甸群落：白茅草甸,丝叶苔草草甸。在植被恢复期,应该大力发展乔灌草的多层次、多物种、多结构的混交群落结构,提高植被抵御外界破坏的综合能力,同时施以各种工程措施,使得岷江源区生态系统得到逐步恢复。     

长江源区长序列径流变化规律及其与气象要素的关系分析

基于长江源区1956-2012年水文气象资料,采用集中期和集中度、突变检验、小波变换等方法,分析了长江源区沱沱河站和直门达站年径流变化的趋势性、突变性和周期性,并从相关性和径流系数变化方面探讨了径流变化对气象要素的响应。结果表明：长江源径流年内分配的集中程度呈弱增加趋势,集中期均呈弱延后趋势。沱沱河站、直门达站1956~2012年年径流量均呈显著增加趋势。沱沱河站年径流在1997年发生突变,直门达站在1961和1967年发生突变。沱沱河站年径流存在20-28年、12年的显著周期。直门达站年径流存在8年、24-28年的显著周期。长江源径流与降水、气温呈显著正相关,与水面蒸发呈显著负相关。降水是三江源径流的主要来源,沱沱河径流组成中冰川消融量占比站较直门达站大。     

植物源天然抗氧化剂在肉及肉制品中的应用研究进展

脂质氧化是影响肉类及肉制品货架期的重要因素之一。抗氧化剂可用于清除自由基,从而减缓脂质氧化、延缓不良风味产生,并提高颜色的稳定性。合成抗氧化剂可能存在安全隐患,随着消费者对食品品质及安全的要求越来越高,合成抗氧化剂逐渐被天然抗氧化剂所取代。植物材料是生物活性化合物的丰富来源,可以成为合成抗氧化剂的有效替代品。综述植物源天然抗氧化剂如中草药、香料、水果、种子提取物和精油在肉及肉制品中的应用最新进展,以期为天然抗氧化剂在肉类产品中的应用提供基础理论与技术。