一种山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种多重抗原肽的小鼠免疫试验

旨在构建一种由山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种(Mycoplasma capricolum Subsp.capripneumoniae,Mccp)六个B细胞表位和三个T细胞表位组成的多重抗原肽(multiple antigenic peptide,MAP),将其在大肠杆菌中表达后免疫小鼠,评估其体液免疫和细胞免疫。分别用MAP、单个B细胞表位及全菌超破抗原作为抗原,检测免疫小鼠抗体水平,结果显示三种抗原均能和小鼠免疫血清发生很好的反应(P0.01)。体外代谢抑制试验显示,1∶64倍稀释的免疫小鼠血清可以有效抑制Mccp的生长。淋巴细胞增殖试验显示,当用单个T细胞表位及Mccp超破抗原分别刺激免疫小鼠的淋巴细胞时均产生明显的增殖现象(P0.01)。细胞因子检测结果显示,免疫小鼠的IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10产量明显升高(P0.001),而IL-12产量明显下降(P0.001)。数据显示,构建的MAP能够引起小鼠的免疫反应,这一结果为由Mccp引起的山羊传染性胸膜肺炎亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了一定的基础。     

山羊重组IL-17A克隆表达与生物活性分析

为了分析山羊白介素17A(IL-17A)对山羊单核、中性粒细胞功能的影响,采用RT-PCR方法对山羊IL-17A基因进行克隆,并在体外表达得到重组蛋白质(rIL-17A),以不同质量浓度的重组蛋白rIL-17A(5、10、20、40μg/mL)与单核细胞和中性粒细胞共孵育,测定rIL-17A对山羊单核细胞和中性粒细胞的迁移、中性粒细胞凋亡的免疫调节效应。结果显示:5、20、40μg/mL的rIL-17A能够极显著促进山羊单核细胞的迁移(P0.01),10μg/mL的rIL-17A也能显著促进山羊单核细胞的迁移(P0.05);与中性粒细胞共孵育时,10μg/mL(P0.05)和20、40μg/mL(P0.001)的rIL-17A能显著或极显著促进山羊中性粒细胞的迁移;20μg/mL(P0.05)、40μg/mL(P0.001)的rIL-17A能显著或极显著诱导山羊中性粒细胞的凋亡。结果表明:重组蛋白rIL-17A具有良好的生物学活性,能在体外不同程度地促进山羊单核细胞、中性粒细胞的迁移及中性粒细胞的凋亡。     

京尼平抑制细菌鞭毛蛋白引起的小鼠肺炎

为探究京尼平对细菌鞭毛蛋白介导的小鼠肺炎是否具有缓解或治疗作用,将C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、细菌鞭毛蛋白组和京尼平治疗组。用ELISA和免疫组织化学方法检测肺部炎性因子分泌和炎性细胞浸润,并评价京尼平对细菌鞭毛蛋白引起的肺组织病理变化的作用。结果表明,京尼平可以显著抑制肺组织中IL-1β与KC的分泌和中性粒细胞的浸润,同时缓解鞭毛蛋白导致的肺泡出血、肺泡间质增厚,提示京尼平能够显著地抑制细菌鞭毛蛋白引起的小鼠肺炎。     

金黄色葡萄球菌体外刺激奶牛外周血中性粒细胞对炎性因子分泌的影响

以体外培养的奶牛中性粒细胞为研究对象,用瑞氏姬姆萨染色和台盼蓝拒染法对分离培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞进行鉴定和活性检测,ELISA检测金黄色葡萄球菌感染体外培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10及IL-8的分泌情况,Western blot检测金黄色葡萄球菌感染体外培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞中NF-κB的激活效应。结果显示,体外分离培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞纯度达99%,随着培养时间增加奶牛外周血中性粒细胞活性逐渐降低。ELISA检测结果显示,在3 h～24 h刺激时间范围内,随着金黄色葡萄球菌刺激时间的增加,与空白对照组相比体外培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞中IL-10、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-8的分泌量均显著升高(P<0.001)。Western blot检测结果显示,在15 min～120 min刺激时间范围内,随着SA113感染时间的增加,与空白对照组相比体外培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞中IκBα磷酸化水平显著升高(P<0.001)。研究结果表明,成功分离培养了奶牛外周血中性粒细胞;金黄色葡萄球菌(SA113株)刺激体外分离培养的奶牛外周血中性...     

高剂量酒糟摄入对山羊肾脏组织氧化指标、炎性因子、转录谱的影响

旨在探索高剂量酒糟摄入对山羊肾脏组织氧化指标、炎性因子、转录谱的影响,为揭示高剂量酒糟饲喂对山羊肾脏损伤的机制提供理论基础。选取6只30日龄荣昌本地山羊随机分为2组,每组3只,对照组按照《肉羊饲养标准》(NY/T816-2004)推荐的山羊饲养标准饲喂;试验组用酒糟代替日粮中75%蛋白质和能量成分,试验期为90 d。90 d后采集山羊肾脏组织,利用生化法测定山羊肾脏组织T-SOD、CAT、GSH-Px、XOD、T-AOC含量,用ELISA法测定山羊肾脏组织IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量,用RNA-Seq技术进行转录组测序分析。结果显示,试验组XOD水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),T-SOD和T-AOC水平极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。试验组IL-1β水平极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),IL-6、TNF-α水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,试验组共发现546个差异表达基因,其中有385个基因表达上调,161个基因表达下调,qRT-PCR显示挑选的基因与转录组测序结果的表达趋势具有一致性。GO富集分析显示试验组差异表达基因在生物过程中...     

致病性大肠杆菌诱导的小鼠子宫内膜炎模型建立

为探究致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)诱导的子宫内膜炎的损伤机制,将24只8~10周龄、体重30~35 g的雌性小鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,3个炎症模型组分别使用留置针向小鼠子宫内灌注1×10⁶、1×10⁸、1×10¹⁰CFU/mL的大肠杆菌25μL,对照组向小鼠子宫内灌注等体积的生理盐水。24 h后进行剖检,通过观察组织病理学变化、ELISA检测细胞炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及炎症通路核因子κB(NF-κB)的水平。结果表明:1×10¹⁰CFU/mL大肠杆菌可使子宫内膜层与肌层无明显界限,中性粒细胞浸润情况增加(P<0.05),促进IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达(P<0.001),促进炎症通路NF-κB的激活(P<0.05)。综上,使用1×10¹⁰CFU/mL大肠杆菌灌注小鼠子宫24 h可成功建立子宫内膜炎模型,为进一步探究由大肠杆菌诱导的子宫内膜炎的损伤机制提供理论依据。     

牛源无乳链球菌分离及其诱导的乳房炎小鼠模型构建

研究旨在分离并鉴定致病性无乳链球菌并构建小鼠乳房炎模型。试验从病牛乳汁中成功分离并鉴定1株无乳链球菌(命名为HZ-032)。HZ-032以10⁴CFU菌量感染哺乳期小鼠,同时设相同剂量无乳链球菌ATCC 13813菌悬液组、阴性对照(等体积无菌PBS)组及空白组作为对照,观察攻毒后小鼠乳腺组织病变并进行组织细菌载量的测定;制作乳腺组织石蜡切片,经HE染色镜下观察组织病理变化;采用荧光定量PCR测定乳腺组织中IL-1α、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α4种炎性因子相对表达量。结果表明,感染组小鼠乳腺组织可分离出大量HZ-032菌株;组织病理切片显示,感染后小鼠乳腺组织较阴性对照和空白组明显观察到乳腺上皮细胞溶解,腺泡内有大量中性粒细胞浸润;荧光定量PCR结果显示ATCC 13813和HZ-032处理组中IL-1α、IL-10、TNF-α表达量均显著升高(P<0.05),IL-6在HZ-032处理组显著升高(P<0.05)。本研究从患病奶牛乳样中分离1株致病性无乳链球菌HZ-032,并使用该菌成功构建小鼠乳房炎模型,为进一步研究无乳链球菌致乳房炎的相关致病...     

黄芩苷对自噬介导H6N6禽流感病毒致病损伤的作用

探究黄芩苷对H6N6亚型禽流感病毒诱导小鼠肺脏致病损伤的作用。选用40只昆明小鼠随机分为4组，即对照组、模型组、黄芩苷治疗组、3-MA抑制剂组。通过HE染色观察肺组织病理形态学变化，ELISA法检测血清中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α的含量，透射电镜检测小鼠肺脏中自噬体的水平，Western blot检测肺组织LC3、Beclin-1及ATG7蛋白表达水平，免疫荧光法检测肺组织LC3蛋白表达水平，免疫组化法检测肺组织LC3、Beclin-1及ATG5蛋白表达水平，RT-qPCR检测肺组织自噬关键基因LC3、Beclin-1、ATG3、ATG5、ATG7及ATG12 mRNA转录水平。结果显示，经黄芩苷治疗后能显著缓解H6N6亚型禽流感病毒对小鼠肺组织的损伤，血清中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α含量显著下降(P<0.01),肺组织中自噬体数量减少，LC3、Beclin-1、ATG5及ATG7蛋白表达水平显著下降(P<0.01),肺组织中LC3、Beclin-1、ATG3、ATG5、ATG7及ATG12 mRNA转录水平显著下降(P<0.01)。结...     

牦牛AIF-1蛋白表达及对巨噬细胞炎性因子mRNA的影响

旨在对牦牛同种移植炎症因子-1(allograft inflammatory factor-1,AIF-1)蛋白进行原核表达、纯化,并探讨其对巨噬细胞炎性因子的影响。采用q-PCR检测AIF-1基因在牦牛5种组织中的表达量,构建原核表达载体表达纯化AIF-1蛋白,q-PCR检测小鼠巨噬细胞4种炎性因子的表达量。结果表明,AIF-1基因在麦洼牦牛脾中表达水平最高,极显著高于其它组织(P<0.01)。表达并纯化出约29.47 ku的AIF-1重组蛋白,1.0、10.0、100.0μg·mL^-1 AIF-1蛋白均能促进小鼠巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和iNOS的表达。这表明AIF-1在巨噬细胞免疫应答中发挥着一定作用,为深入研究牦牛AIF-1功能提供参考。     

诃子鞣酸对LPS诱导的小鼠子宫内膜炎的保护作用

为探究诃子鞣酸(chebulagic acid, CA)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)诱导的小鼠子宫内膜炎的保护作用。本研究体外试验部分,使用MTT法检测CA对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性的影响,通过ELISA和Westen blot分别检测CA对LPS刺激的巨噬细胞促炎性细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6)分泌水平和ERK、p38和p65磷酸化水平的影响;体内试验部分,通过ELISA分析CA对LPS刺激后小鼠子宫组织TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6分泌水平的影响,使用组织免疫荧光法检测小鼠子宫损伤相关因子(HMGB1)的表达水平,通过HE染色法观察小鼠子宫组织的病理变化,使用血常规法分析小鼠全血中白细胞数、中性粒细胞数和单核细胞数的变化。结果显示,CA质量浓度为12.5、25.0、50.0 mg/L对巨噬细胞活性均无显著影响,因此后续试验结果与CA的细胞毒性无关。CA可显著下调受到LPS刺激的巨噬细胞中的TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6分泌水平,且具有浓度依赖性。此外,CA可显著下调受LPS诱导的巨噬细胞中ERK、p38和p65的磷酸化水平。CA可显著下调...     

鼠源重组UBC13蛋白对脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性炎症的影响

试验旨在探讨鼠源重组UBC13蛋白对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠急性炎症的影响。将24只SPF雌性小鼠随机分成4组:PBS组,LPS模型组,重组UBC13蛋白高、低剂量组(分别为100和25μg/只),每组6只。LPS模型组与各蛋白剂量组腹腔注射20 mg/kg LPS,PBS组腹腔注射等体积PBS;注射结束1 h后,各蛋白组按相应剂量背部皮下多点注射重组UBC13蛋白,PBS组与LPS模型组注射等体积PBS。给予蛋白24 h后处死小鼠。收集小鼠肺脏、脾脏、胸腺及肝脏组织,计算脏器指数,HE染色观察组织病理学变化,实时荧光定量PCR检测肺脏、脾脏、胸腺和肝脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA的相对表达量,以及肺脏中iNOS mRNA的相对表达量,综合评价鼠源重组UBC13蛋白对LPS诱导小鼠急性炎症的影响。结果显示,与PBS组相比,LPS模型组小鼠肺脏、脾脏及肝脏指数均显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),且肺脏、脾脏和肝脏组织均出现病理变化。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与PBS组相比,LPS模型组肺脏、脾脏、胸腺和肝脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA相对表达量均极显著升高(P<0.01),肺脏中iNOS mRNA相对表达量也极显著升高(P<0.01);与LPS模型组相比,UBC13蛋白高剂量组肺脏、脾脏和肝脏中病理变化明显改善,肺脏、肝脏、脾脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6及肺脏中iNOS mRNA表达量均极显著降低(P<0.01);胸腺中TNF-αmRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05),IL-6 mRNA和IL-1β表达量极显著降低(P<0.01)。表明鼠源重组UBC13蛋白可下调炎性因子的表达,从而改善LPS诱导的小鼠急性炎症反应。     

Effect of vaccination on cell populations in lung washes from calves after infection with respiratory syncytial virus

The inflammatory response in the air-passages of the lungs of calves after intranasal inoculation with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was compared in RSV-vaccinated and control animals. Total cells recovered from lung washings remained the same; however, the fold by eight days after infection and the type of cells changed from a predominance (85 per cent) of macrophages to equal proportions of macrophages and neutrophils (45 per cent) during the course of infection. The absolute numbers of neutrophils rose by 15-fold. In contrast, when RSV-vaccinated calves were challenged, the total number of cells recovered from lung washings remained the same; however, the numbers of macrophages decreased and the numbers of neutrophils increased by fivefold. Cytological studies of the lung washings revealed no evidence of an exacerbated inflammatory response in RSV-vaccinated calves. Levels of virus replication were significantly reduced in RSV-vaccinated compared with control animals.     

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell depletion leads to an enhanced mononuclear phagocyte response in lungs of mice with lethal influenza virus infection

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been implicated both in the control and pathogenesis of influenza virus infection. We demonstrate that pDC depletion has marked effects on the response of mononuclear phagocytes, including conventional DCs (cDCs) and macrophages, to lethal influenza virus infection. Infection of mice lacking pDCs through antibody-mediated depletion resulted in substantially increased accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes and their progenitors in lungs compared to non-treated controls. pDC ablation resulted in a 5- to 35-fold enhancement of intracellular TNF-α and IL-6 production from inflammatory cDCs and exudate macrophages. Purified pulmonary cDCs and macrophages cultured from pDC-depleted mice produced significantly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared to pDC-intact counterparts. Elimination of pDCs resulted in decreased lung IFN-α production and an immediate and transient reduction in lung virus burden but did not impact disease outcome. These data reveal a suppressive effect of pDCs on the inflammatory response to influenza virus infection in the lung.     

Interleukin 17 (IL-17) manipulates mouse bone marrow- derived neutrophils in response to acute lung inflammation

Interleukin 17 (IL-17) mediates neutrophil migration to the lungs during acute inflammation, potentially leading to lung tissue damage. In the present study, we evaluated whether IL-17 could facilitate certain neutrophil functions in a mouse model. Mice were divided into four groups and intranasally challenged with PBS (1 = Control), Influenza A (H1N1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2 = Mix), Influenza A alone (3 = Flu), or K. pneumoniae (4 = KP) alone. Bone marrow, BAL cells, and lung specimens were collected seven days post-challenge for analysis. Mice in the Flu group showed the highest mortality rate. Neutrophils were the prominent cell type in BAL from Mix and KP, whereas lymphocytes were most numerous in Flu. Lesions in the lungs revealed considerably damage in the Mix, Flu, and KP groups. Isolated bone marrow-derived neutrophils were in vitro primed with mouse recombinant IL-17A protein (rIL-17A) followed by various functional assays. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in rIL-17A primed cells showed significant elevations in all groups. Phagocytosis and bacterial destruction showed no significant difference between (+) or (−) rIL-17A groups. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in rIL-17A-primed neutrophils showed elevated NET production. We next monitored expressions of genes in neutrophils. IL-17A mRNA expression was significantly increased in Mix and Flu; IL-1β mRNA only significantly increased in Flu, and IL-17RA showed constitutive expressions in all groups. In summary, neutrophils may cause tissue damage during lung inflammation through specific functions influenced by IL-17.     

适度运动减轻流感小鼠肺脏炎性损伤的研究

试验利用小鼠流感模型,研究适度运动能否减轻流感病毒引起的肺脏损伤,延长小鼠的生存期。将小鼠分为对照组和运动组,相同条件下饲养,对照组不进行踏轮试验,运动组小鼠进行踏轮试验（8～9 m/min,30 min/次,5次/周）,第14天,经鼻腔接种致死量的鼠源性H1N1型流感病毒FM1,感染后第3天,对照组和试验组各处死5只小鼠,取其肺脏组织,各组分别取2个肺脏组织用于制作组织切片;余下的肺脏组织研磨后制备组织悬液用于检测病毒滴度和IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1的含量。在感染病毒后3 d,运动组小鼠的肺脏炎症细胞浸润明显低于对照组,肺脏组织的IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1的含量均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,肺脏组织的病毒滴度含量略低于对照组。此外,适度运动组的小鼠感染病毒后,生存期明显延长。结果表明,适度运动可显著降低流感病毒在小鼠肺脏引起的炎性损伤,明显延长小鼠的生存期。     

Humoral immune responses following experimental infection of goats with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae.

Goats housed in microbiologically secure facilities were experimentally endobronchially infected with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), causal agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). The animals were monitored over an 8-week period post-infection (p.i.). Elevated temperatures were observed 2-7 days p.i., reaching a maximum of 41.5 degrees C in one animal (1884). By 8 weeks p.i. the infection was successfully cleared, with no Mccp being recovered from the lungs, serum or nasal passages. Mccp was not isolated from serum throughout the experiment, either directly by culture or indirectly via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Humoral immune responses against Mccp capsular polysaccharide (CPS) were generally poor when measured by ELISA. CPS antigen was present in the serum of all infected animals early in the infection (day 14 p.i.), although in one animal (1855) CPS antigen persisted throughout. This was the only animal to exhibit a serious cough (day 5-19 p.i.). Successful diagnosis of CCPP was achieved using two different types of latex agglutination test (CPS antibody and CPS antigen detection test), immunoblotting and a blocking ELISA, although the latter lacked sensitivity until later in the infection (35-40 days p.i.). Only a single animal (1855) was detected positive using the current complement fixation test (CFT). Strong immune responses to protein antigens were detected by IgG and IgM immunoblotting from the first time point at day 14 p.i. IgM immunodominant bands of 220, 85, 62 and 40kDa were observed in the 3 infected animals and from CFT-positive CCPP field sera. Band intensity gradually diminished throughout the experiment. IgG immunodominant bands of 108, 70, 62, 44, 40 and 23kDa were shared between experimentally-infected and field sera, with band intensity either remaining unchanged or increasing from day 14 p.i. These bands were not present using pre-infection sera. Of the diagnostic tests used, only the CPS antibody detection latex agglutination test and IgG immunoblotting gave positive diagnoses throughout the entire period post-infection (days 14-53 p.i.).     

TGF-β1在布鲁氏菌致炎过程中的作用及其与NLRP3炎症小体的相关性研究

建立牛布鲁氏菌2308感染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7模型,用RT-qPCR检测感染细胞中TGF-β1在mRNA水平的变化;ELISA检测布鲁氏菌感染细胞后培养上清中TGF-β1、IL-1β和IL-18的释放量;Western blot分析TGF-β1蛋白水平的变化.布鲁氏菌侵染重组外源TGF-β1(rTGF-β1)预...     

二甲苯对小鼠肺组织损伤的初步研究

为了研究二甲苯对小鼠肺组织的损伤情况,以健康成年小鼠作为试验动物,分3个试验组(低、中、高剂量组)1个对照组,给试验组腹腔注射不同剂量二甲苯(0.125、0.25、0.5 mL/kg),给对照组腹腔注射生理盐水.15 d后剖检取材,采用石蜡切片和HE染色技术研究二甲苯染毒后小鼠肺组织结构的变化特点;采用分光光度法测定小...     

Pulmonary expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-8 in the acute phase of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis

Inflammatory cytokines are suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis (BPP) through neutrophil recruitment, leukocyte activation, and the induction of a broad array of soluble inflammatory mediators. An in vivo experimental model of BPP was used to characterize the pulmonary expression kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) genes and proteins during the acute phase of disease development. Cytokine expression in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, BAL cells, and pneumonic lung parenchyma was quantitated by northern blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in situ hybridization at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after endobronchial inoculation of Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica. Expression of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 was significantly increased in the airways and lung lesions of infected calves as compared with mock-infected controls. Although kinetic patterns varied, peak levels of cytokine mRNA occured within 8 hours postinfection (PI), and peak cytokine concentrations occurred within 16 hours PI. In all samples, IL-8 was expressed to the greatest extent and TNFalpha was least expressed. Expression of TNFalpha was restricted to alveolar macrophages. Alveolar and interstitial macrophages produced IL-1beta and IL-8 in the first 4 hours; bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells were also significant sources of IL-8 during this period. By 8 hours PI, neutrophils were the dominant source of both IL-1beta and IL-8. These findings demonstrate a spatial and temporal association between pulmonary expression of inflammatory cytokines and acute lung pathology, supporting the hypothesis that cytokines contribute to inflammatory lung injury in BPP.