共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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肉牛业的发展和饲料加工的发展紧密相关。在大型的肉牛场中,对饲料进行加工已经是必须的程序之一。对饲料进行加工不但可以减少饲料的贮藏问题,而且一些方法显著提高了饲喂效率,因而也使肉牛增重提高。对于大规模的机械化牛场,对饲料进行加工使饲料的质量稳定、统一;便于自动化饲喂系统的应用。另外,饲料加工并不一定完全有效。有些方法需要大量的动力和热力来完成,因而使饲喂所带来的优势与高昂的加工费用相抵消,甚至高出很多。这些方法在追逐利润的今天不宜采用。饲料加工方法的优劣要根据它带给肉牛饲养产生多大利润来决定。 相似文献
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F. Montemayor M. A. Dominguez-Muñoz C. C. Zapata-Campos 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2017,67(3-4):139-143
The effect of different proportions of ground-to-whole sorghum grain on weight gain, Longissimus dorsi area (LDA) and subcutaneous fat (SF) was evaluated in 20 crossbred (75% Alpine and 25% Spanish) female kid goats, 75 d of age (12.9?±?1.8?kg BW [body weight]) fed a diet (14% CP [crude protein], 2.57 Mcal/kg ME [metabolizable energy]) in which whole sorghum grain (WSG) substituted for 0%, 25% and 50% of ground sorghum grain for treatments T1 (n?=?7), T2 (n?=?7) and T3 (n?=?6), respectively. At the end of the 122-d feeding trial, goats were evaluated using ultrasound for LDA and SF. There were no differences (P?>?.05) among treatments in average daily gain (183, 183 and 190?g/d) and LDA (14.02, 13.70 and 14.70?cm2). SF decreased (linear effect; P?=?.05) with an increase in dietary WSG. In conclusion, feedlot goats exhibited adequate growth performance using diets with up to 50% WSG, without negative effect on LDA, although SF decreased with WSG increase. 相似文献
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Elizabeth G Ross Jase J Ball Samantha J Werth Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios Yongjing Zhao Yuee Pan Patrick C Taube Todd R Meinert Nicholas K Van Engen F M Mitloehner 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)
With a growing global population and increased environmental concerns around animal agriculture, it is essential to humanely maximize animal performance and reduce environmental emissions. This study aims to determine the efficacy of feeding ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC), an orally active, β 1-adrenergic agonist (β1AA), to feedlot steers in the last 42 d of finishing to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions and improve animal performance. A randomized complete block design was used to allocate 112 Angus and crossbred Angus steers (initial body weight [BW] = 566.0 ± 10.4 kg) to 8 cattle pen enclosures. Pens (n = 4 per treatment, 14 steers per pen, and 56 steers per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) CON; finishing ration containing no RAC, 2) RAC; finishing ration containing 27.3 g/907 kg dry matter (DM) basis RAC. Steers were weighed on day −1 and 0 before treatment and day 14, 28, and 42 during treatment. Treatment rations were mixed and delivered daily by masked personnel. Measured emissions included NH3, nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The primary response variables assessed were emissions standardized by live weight (LW) and hot carcass weight (HCW). Steers were harvested on day 43 and carcass data were collected on day 43 and 44. Steers fed RAC reduced NH3 emissions by 17.21% from day 0 to 28 (P = 0.032) and tended to reduce NH3 from day 0 to 42 by 11.07% (P = 0.070) vs. CON. When standardized for LW, NH3 was reduced by 23.88% from day 0 to 14 (P = 0.018), 17.80% from day 0 to 28 (P = 0.006), and 12.50% for day 0 to 42 (P = 0.027) in steers fed RAC vs. CON. Steers fed RAC had 14.05% (P = 0.013) lower cumulative NH3 emissions when standardized by HCW vs. CON. Feeding RAC to Steers reduced H2S by 29.49% from day 0 to 14 (P = 0.009) and tended to reduce H2S over day 0 to 28 by 11.14% (P = 0.086) vs. CON. When H2S emissions were standardized for LW, RAC fed steers had a 28.81% reduction from day 0 to 14 (P = 0.008) vs. CON. From day 0 to 42 the RAC fed steers tended to have a 0.24 kg/d greater average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.066) and tended to eat 4.27% less (P = 0.069) on a DM basis vs. CON. The RAC fed steers had a 19.95% greater gain to feed ratio (G:F) compared to CON (P = 0.012). Steers fed RAC had an average of 12.52 kg greater HCW (P = 0.006) and an increase of 1.93 percentage units in dressing percent (DP) (P = 0.004) vs. CON. Ractopamine is an effective medicated feed additive for reducing NH3 and improving end product performance through HCW yields. 相似文献
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[目的]分析夏南牛主产区主要饲料原料营养成分,为草食动物饲养提供参考数据。[方法]采集了全株玉米青贮、花生秧、麦秸、玉米秸秆黄贮、稻草、酒糟、干玉米秸秆7个粗饲料样品及玉米、麸皮2个精饲料共28个样品,委托郑州奥瑞森生物科技有限公司,采取概略养分分析法,进行了主要营养成分的分析检测。[结果]结果表明,全株玉米青贮、花生秧、麦秸、玉米秸秆黄贮4种主要粗饲料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、钙、磷平均含量分别为:27.49%,8.22%,6.55%,54.05%,36.23%,0.35%,0.38%;89.24%,8.36%,12.11%,61.87%,56.35%,1.38%,0.33%;92.13%,3.49%,8.41%,78.98%,55.89%,0.30%,0.13%;31.87%,7.44%,6.85%,55.70%,35.95%,0.38%,0.30%。[结论]全株玉米青贮的综合营养价值最高,其次是玉米黄贮,第三是花生秧,麦秸粗蛋白含量最低。花生秧和麦秸钙磷比例不平衡,比例分别达到4.18∶1和2.31∶1。在肉牛饲养中,不提倡单一粗饲料饲喂,为实现营养均衡,建议2种或2种以上粗饲料合理塔配饲喂。 相似文献
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Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios Andrea M Osorio-Doblado Francine M Ciriaco Phil M Urso Rafael C Araujo Dale R Woerner Bradley J Johnson Jose C B Dubeux Jr. Jhones O Sarturi Nicolas DiLorenzo Darren D Henry 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(10)
Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN) on in vitro ruminal fermentation, growth, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, liver mineral concentration, and carcass quality of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, four ruminally cannulated steers (520 ± 30 kg body weight [BW]) were used as donors to perform a batch culture and an in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) procedure. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with factors being BSS (0 or 0.33% of substrate dry matter [DM]) and CAN (0 or 2.22% of substrate DM). In Exp. 2, 200 Angus-crossbred steers (385 ± 27 kg BW) were blocked by BW and allocated to 50 pens (4 steers/pen) in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors included BSS (0 or 0.33% of the diet DM) and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) source (urea or encapsulated CAN [eCAN] included at 0.68% or 2.0% of the diet, respectively) with 0.28% ruminally available S (RAS). A low S diet was included as a positive control containing urea (0.68% of DM) and 0.14% RAS. For Exp. 1, data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effects of BSS, CAN, BSS × CAN, and the random effect of donor. For Exp. 2, the MIXED procedure of SAS was used for continuous variables and the GLIMMIX procedure for categorical data. For Exp. 1, no differences (P > 0.230) were observed for IVOMD. There was a tendency (P = 0.055) for an interaction regarding H2S production. Acetate:propionate increased (P = 0.003) with the addition of CAN. In Exp. 2, there was a NPN source effect (P = 0.032) where steers consuming urea had greater carcass-adjusted final shrunk BW than those consuming eCAN. Intake of DM (P < 0.001) and carcass-adjusted average daily gain (P = 0.024) were reduced by eCAN; however, it did not affect (P = 0.650) carcass-adjusted feed efficiency. Steers consuming urea had greater (P = 0.032) hot carcass weight, and a BSS × NPN interaction (P = 0.019) was observed on calculated yield grade. Apparent absorption of S decreased (P < 0.001) with the addition of BSS. Final liver Cu concentration was reduced (P = 0.042) by 58% in cattle fed BSS, indicating that BSS may decrease Cu absorption and storage in the liver. The results observed in this experiment indicate that BSS does not have negative effects on feedlot steer performance, whereas CAN may hinder performance of steers fed finishing diets. 相似文献
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Luiz Fernando Dias Batista Madeline E Rivera Aaron B Norris James P Muir Mozart A Fonseca Luis O Tedeschi 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)
The addition of natural plant secondary compounds to ruminant feed has been extensively studied because of their ability to modify digestive and metabolic functions, resulting in a potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, among other benefits. Condensed tannin (CT) supplementation may alter ruminal fermentation and mitigate methane (CH4) emissions. This study’s objective was to determine the effect of quebracho CT extract [QT; Schinopsis quebracho-colorado (Schltdl.) F.A. Barkley & T. Meyer] within a roughage-based diet on ruminal digestibility and kinetic parameters by using the in situ and in vitro gas production techniques, in addition to blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and ruminal (volatile fatty acid [VFA], NH3-N, and protozoa count) parameters. Twenty rumen-cannulated steers were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: QT at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of dry matter (DM; QT0: 0% CT, QT1: 0.70% CT, QT2: 1.41% CT, and QT3: 2.13% CT). The in situ DM digestibility increased linearly (P = 0.048) as QT inclusion increased, whereas in situ neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) was not altered among treatments (P = 0.980). Neither total VFA concentration nor acetate-to-propionate ratio differed among dietary treatments (P = 0.470 and P = 0.873, respectively). However, QT3 had lower isovalerate and isobutyrate concentrations compared with QT0 (P ≤ 0.025). Ruminal NH3 and BUN tended to decline (P ≤ 0.075) in a linear fashion as QT inclusion increased, suggesting decreased deamination of feed protein. Ruminal protozoa count was reduced in quadratic fashion (P = 0.005) as QT inclusion increased, where QT1 and QT2 were lower compared with QT0 and QT3. Urinary N excretion tended to reduce in a linear fashion (P = 0.080) as QT increased. There was a treatment (TRT) × Day interaction for in vitro total gas production and fractional rate of gas production (P = 0.013 and P = 0.007, respectively), and in vitro NDFD tended to be greater for QT treatments compared with no QT inclusion (P = 0.077). There was a TRT × Day interaction (P = 0.001) on CH4 production, with QT3 having less CH4 production relative to QT0 on day 0 and QT2 on days 7 and 28. Feeding QT up to 3% of the dietary DM in a roughage-based diet did not sacrifice the overall DM digestibility and ruminal parameters over time. Still, it is unclear why QT2 did not follow the same pattern as in vitro gas parameters. Detailed evaluations of amino acid degradation might be required to fully define CT influences on ruminal fermentation parameters and CH4 production. 相似文献
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A. Zotti M. Gianesella C. Ceccato M. Morgante 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(5):615-622
The metacarpal bone mineral density of 136 healthy feedlot beef cattle of four different breeds (Charolaise, Limousine, Irish Crossbreed and Slovakian Crossbreed) raised and fed on standard conditions was measured by means of a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry technique in an ex vivo study design. The average reference values (mean ± SD) of bone mineral density (BMD) for animals aged between 12 and 22 months and weighing between 236 and 546 kg have been reported and the effects of (i) breed, (ii) gender, (iii) age and (iv) body weight on bone mineral density have been considered. A significant difference (i) among different breeds and (ii) between genders resulted, whereas a high correlation between bone density and (iii) age and (iv) body weight was detected within the same breed and gender, with body weight being the most important factor affecting BMD. A modern new technological insight into the study of bovine bone physio‐pathology is proposed. 相似文献
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鲜血包被玉米对肉牛瘤胃发酵、玉米淀粉消化率及相关血液指标的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
研究了鲜血包被玉米对肉牛瘤胃发酵、玉米淀粉的消化率及相关血液指标的影响。试验按4×4拉丁方设计 ,4头成年肉牛按1.2M饲养水平供给羊草 ,在此基础上过瘤胃玉米淀粉量分别为0、300、600和900g/d。试验结果如下 :1)过瘤胃玉米淀粉量为0、300、600和900g/d时 ,瘤胃液TVFA浓度分别为54.87、68.08、61.64和61.46mmol/L ,丙酸摩尔比分别为18.44、19.60、19.09和19.03mol/100mol,VFA产量分别为14.47、17.95、16.22和16.17mol/d ,丙酸摩尔比与瘤胃内淀粉发酵量(g/d)呈正线性相关 ,r=0.9918 ;2)过瘤胃玉米淀粉量为300、600和900g/d时玉米淀粉的瘤胃后消化率分别为61.63 %、70.78 %和53.64 % ,全消化道分别为84.05 %、78.93 %和63.84 % ;3)过瘤胃玉米淀粉量增加时 ,血液中血糖、甘油三酯、生长激素、总蛋白和肌酐的浓度均有不同程度的提高 ,尿素氮浓度下降。 相似文献
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Lucas de Almeida Silva Marco Roberto Bourg de Mello Danielle de Oliveira Pião Lara Nogueira Silenciato Thays Cristina Oliveira de Quadros Alexandre Henryli de Souza Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(5):775-782
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of zearalenone (ZEA) on the reproductive system morphometry, oestrogen (E2) levels and oocyte quality of beef heifers. Twenty non-pregnant purebred Nellore (Bos indicus) heifers [age, ≥18 months; initial body weight, 348 ± 30 kg (mean ± standard deviation)] were used. The animals were randomly divided into experimental group and a control group of 10 animals each. Group experimental was administered 300 ppb ZEA per os for 98 days, and the control group was administered placebo per os for 98 days. The administration of ZEA was carried out daily by adding mycotoxin to the diet. All heifers were evaluated weekly via rectal ultrasound examinations (12 weeks). Diameters of the right and left uterine horns, right and left ovaries, largest antral follicle and corpus luteum were measured. Vulva size was also measured. Blood samples were collected to estimate E2 levels. At the end of 12 weeks, the heifers were slaughtered, and the ovaries were sent to the laboratory for in vitro embryo production. A completely randomized design was adopted, and repeated measures analysis of variance (p < .05) was performed (except for oocyte quality). Vulva size (p = .0985); diameters of uterine horns (p = .0522), ovaries (p = .6955), antral follicles (p = .6355) and corpus luteum (p = .3808); and E2 levels (p = .3379) were not affected by the treatments. ZEA-contaminated diet significantly reduced (p = .05) the proportion of viable oocytes (49.4%, n = 207) compared with the control diet (59.9%, n = 222); however, the blastocyst rate did not differ between the groups (p = .9418). The results indicate that contamination of beef heifer's diet with 300 ppb ZEA affected neither morphometric parameters nor plasma oestrogen levels; however, ZEA contamination was detrimental to oocyte quality. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同粒径颗粒饲料在自由采食和限饲条件下对肉牛瘤胃发酵性能的影响。试验日粮分为粉料、直径为3 mm的颗粒料和直径为8 mm的颗粒料,饲喂方式分为自由采食和限饲。采用2×3因子设计试验,选择3月龄的肉牛12头,试验前9周分别用3种料饲喂(自由采食),之后6周进行限饲。自由采食在前4 h较后4 h显著提高了粗料摄入量(P <0.05)。P8组较粉料和P3组显著降低了自由采食8 h的粗料摄入量(P <0.05)。限饲条件下,粉料和P3组早上采食粗饲料较下午高(P <0.05)。P8组较粉料和P3组显著降低了早上粗料摄入量(P <0.05)。采食后两个阶段瘤胃pH都显著降低(P <0.05);无论是自由采食还是限饲P3组较其他组均显著降低了瘤胃氨气含量(P <0.05);进食4 h后,P3组较粉料和P8组显著提高了瘤胃乳酸含量(P <0.05)。进食后,两个阶段均显著提高了瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量(P <0.05)。自由采食条件下,粉料和P3组较P8组显著降低了采食4和8 h后瘤胃乙酸含量(P <0.05)。3 mm直径颗粒可以提高瘤胃发酵速度,降低瘤胃pH,较粉料有增加酸中毒的风险。颗粒直径提高至8 mm,无论自由采食还是限饲都不影响干物质摄入量,可以降低瘤胃发酵速度。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究精料与白酒糟的不同比例对夏季肉牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。试验采用单因子设计,选用年龄、体重(345 kg±22 kg)相近、健康无病的西门塔尔杂交牛(西门塔尔×本地黄牛)24头,随机分成4组,饲喂不同日粮(精料与白酒糟的干物质比例分别为1∶1、1∶1.5、1∶2.5、1∶3.5;青干草饲喂量各处理均相同)。结果表明,试验全期舍内温湿度指数最低为72.18,供试验牛处于高湿热应激环境;试验中随着白酒糟饲喂比例的增加,干物质总采食量增加(P＜0.05);精料与白酒糟比例为1∶1.5时,日增重相对最高(P>0.05),比1∶1组提高了11.25%,比1∶2.5组和1∶3.5组提高了12.66%;1∶1.5处理组增重效益也最高(P>0.05),比最低组(1∶1组)提高了40.64%,血清中总蛋白、白蛋白含量以1∶1.5组最高(P＜0.05),其余血液生化指标各处理无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,夏季热应激条件下肥育肉牛,精料与白酒糟的干物质比例以1∶1.5为适宜比例,能改善机体蛋白质代谢水平,提高生长速度;白酒糟饲喂比例过高时,反而降低架子牛育肥中的增重效益。 相似文献
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本文结合国内外肉牛产业的发展趋势和甘肃省肉牛产业的发展方向,从\"陇东肉牛\"的发展现状、转型和发展途径等方面对\"陇东牛肉\"进行了详实分析讨论,同时提出了只有将牛肉生产作为专门化的产业来发展,我国肉牛产业才能稳步前进。 相似文献