A strain of cucumber mosaic virus,seed-transmitted in beans

From bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown near Valencia, Spain, a virus was isolated that is easily transmitted by sap and by leaf contact to beans and 23 of 37 other plant species tested. In most species symptoms were mild or absent. Symptoms in bean could be easily confused with those of bean common mosaic virus, but were usually mild and diseased plants often recovered. All bean cultivars tested were susceptible. One of twelve varieties investigated showed 7% seed transmission. Seed remained infective after 27 months of storage. Two antisera (titre 64) were prepared against purified, formalin-treated virus. Serologically the virus was found to be closely related to normal cucumber mosaic virus and hardly or not to the chrysanthemum aspermy virus. This shows that it differs from peanut stunt virus which is known to cause a severe disease in beans in the USA.Partial masking of symptoms, high infectivity, wide host range and seed transmission make the virus potentially important to bean cultivation.Samenvatting Uit boneplanten, geteeld in de buurt van Valencia, Spanje, werd een virus geïsoleerd dat met sap gemakkelijk overgaat op bonen en 23 andere van de 37 getoetste plantesoorten (Tabel 1). In de meeste soorten waren de symptomen zwak of zelfs afwezig.De verschijnselen in boon konden gemakkelijk worden verward met die van het bonerolmozaïekvirus (Fig. 1), maar ze waren meestal zwak, terwijl de geïnfecteerde planten zich doorgaans min of meer herstelden. Alle 26 getoetste bonerassen (o.a. Tabel 2) bleken vatbaar te zijn.Bij boon ging het virus door aanraking met de vingers of aan een doekje over, ook wanneer na aanraking van de zieke plant 5 minuten werd gewacht alvorens een gezonde aan te raken. Na 15 minuten wachten kon evenwel geen virusoverdracht meer worden aangetoond. Door wassen met alleen water, of met water en zeep, bleken de handen gemakkelijk van virus te reinigen. In één van de 12 hierop onderzochte bonerassen bleek het virus met zaad over te gaan (7%). Het zaad was nog geïnfecteerd toen het opnieuw werd getoetst na bewaring gedurende 27 maanden.De verdunningsgrens van het virus lag bij 100.000, de inactiveringstemperatuur bij ongeveer 60°C en de houdbaarheid in vitro bij 24 uur.InNicotiana glutinosa beschermde het virus tegen latere infectie met de gele stam van het komkommermozaïekvirus.In hakselpreparaten van geïnfecteerde planten waren de virusdeeltjes slechts met moeite aantoonbaar (Fig. 2). Gezuiverde, met formaline behandelde preparaten bleken echter veel, ongeveer 30 nm grote deeltjes te bevatten (Fig. 3).Tegen gedeeltelijk gezuiverde, met formaline gefixeerde preparaten werden twee antisera met een titer van 64 gemaakt. Serologisch bleek het virus nauw verwant te zijn aan het normale komkommermozaïekvirus en nauwelijks of niet aan het chrysante-aspermievirus (Tabel 3). Het verschilt daarom van het peanut stunt virus, waarvan bekend is dat het in de USA een ernstige ziekte in boon kan veroorzaken.Gedeeltelijke symptoommaskering, hoog infectievermogen, uitgebreide waard-plantenreeks en overgang met zaad doen het virus voor de boneteelt van potentiële betekenis zijn.     

Characterization of two distinct Polish isolates of Pepino mosaic virus

In Poland in 2002 and 2005 two different isolates of Pepino mosaic virus signed PepMV-SW and PepMV-PK were obtained. Both isolates were compared on the basis of their symptomatology on a series of plant species. In addition, the isolates were characterized by the nucleotide sequence analysis of the triple gene block, coat protein and a part of the polymerase genes. The studies showed that the Polish isolates differ from each other and belong to two strains. PepMV-SW was highly similar to European isolates, showing extensive sequence identity, ca. 99%. Pairwise comparisons of PepMV-PK with other PepMV isolates from the GenBank database showed that the highest nucleotide sequence identity was with two isolates: Ch2 from Chile and US2 from the USA.     

黄瓜花叶病毒M株系引致烟草症状恢复的初步研究

 黄瓜花叶病毒M株系在白肋烟上具有典型的症状恢复现象,本研究用提纯病毒和DAS-ELISA建立了CMV-M病毒定量检测方法。研究发现,症状严重程度与叶片中的病毒浓度呈正相关:最早发病的黄化叶每克病组织中病毒可高达790 μg,而恢复叶片上部再发病的花叶症状病叶中每克病组织中病毒也可高达508 μg,恢复叶片中病毒含量很低,每克叶片中最高也没有超过6 μg,仅为发病叶片病毒浓度的1/85~1/135,远低于根和茎中的病毒浓度。RT-PCR和生物学检测结果表明恢复叶片中确实存在具侵染活性的病毒,而且病毒在长达半个月以上一直保持很低浓度。结果表明恢复叶中可能存在有效的病毒防御机制,其具体机理有待进一步研究。     

辣椒上烟草轻型绿花叶病毒的鉴定

 辣椒源自南美洲,属于茄科辣椒属（Capsicum L.）,为重要经济作物。病毒病是影响辣椒生产的主要病害,侵染辣椒的病毒有40余种［1］,烟草轻型绿花叶病毒（Tobacco mild green mosaic virus, TMGMV）是近年来在辣椒上发生和危害报道较多的病毒之一。TMGMV是McKinney［2］于1935年在烟草属植物（Nicotiana gluanca）上首次发现的,为烟草花叶病毒属（Tobamovirus）成员。除辣椒外,番茄［3］、凤仙花、蓝眼菊和矮牵牛也是TMGMV的自然寄主。     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病的鉴定与防治

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病是1种检疫性有害生物,主要为害葫芦科瓜类作物,在引种和调运种子、种苗时应加强对种苗进行检测,最好实行产地检疫。通常采用生物学、电镜观察、血清学和分子生物学进行鉴定。控制黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病的有效方法是调运无病的种苗和瓜果,其次是合理轮作减少毒源。     

Occurrence of a variant of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in ISRAEL

A virus was isolated from naturally infected melons and squirting cucumber(Ecballium elaterium (L.) Rich) plants collected in the northern part of Israel. Some data are presented on the biological, serological and physical properties of the virus, which was identified as a variant of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus.     

Molecular characterization of Cucumber mosaic virus strain causing severe mosaic disease on petunia in India

Severe mosaic, yellowing and stunting symptoms were observed on petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) growing in pots at NBRI and in various gardens of Lucknow, India. The association of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) with the mosaic disease was detected based on positive bioassay on susceptible hosts, isometric cored virus particles of ~28?nm during electron microscopic observations in leaf dip preparations and positive amplification of expected size (~650?bp) during RT-PCR using coat protein gene specific primers. Further, the complete RNA 3 genomic fragment of virus isolate was amplified by RT-PCR using RNA 3 specific primers. The obtained amplicons of ~2.2 Kb were cloned and sequenced. The analysis of sequence data of RNA 3 revealed highest sequence identities (96%) with several CMV strains which belong to subgroup IB. The virus isolate also showed closest phylogenetic relationships with banana strain of CMV of subgroup IB (Acc. EF178298) reported from India. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first molecular characterization of CMV strain of subgroup IB causing severe mosaic disease on petunia in India.     

Characterization and detection ofCucumber green mottle mosaic virus in Greece

The host range specificity of Greek isolates ofCucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) was determined and the ability of the virus to retain its infectivity in naturally contaminated soil, after storage at 4°C for at least 10 months, was established. An immunocapture RT-PCR protocol was developed for the detection of the virus and proved to be 10⁵ times more sensitive than DAS-ELISA and 10² times more sensitive than F(ab’)₂-ELISA using F(ab’)₂ fragments that were prepared from an antiserum, which was raised against a local virus isolate. In order to clarify dissimilarities that were revelaed between the coat protein (CP) genes of the Greek isolates after restriction mapping of their respective PCR products, the CP genes of three isolates were sequenced and found to be very similar but not identical to the CP gene of CGMMV-SH. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 27, 2002.     

烟草和黄瓜花叶病毒互作中过氧化氢酶的动态变化

 病毒侵染能诱导植物体内活性氧的积累,是植物的一种广谱抗性反应.但是,活性氧也能使植物受到伤害,因此植物存在活性氧清除系统,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)就是其中重要的清除酶类,将H2O2降解成为对植物无毒的H2O和O2.黄瓜花叶病是目前影响烟草生产的重要病害,但关于其互作中的AOS代谢研究,国内外尚未见报道.本文研究大量不同抗性的烟草品种接种CMV前后体内CAT活性的动态变化规律,以期明确酶活性栽的动态变化与抗病性之间是否存在确切的相关性.     

The reaction of two lettuce cultivars to mixed infection by beet western yellows virus, lettuce mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus

The interaction of beet western yellows virus (BWYV), lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been studied in lettuce cultivars Little Gem and Saladin. LMV infection alone or in combination with BWYV and or CMV caused the most severe symptoms and yield losses in both cultivars. BWYV caused more severe reactions in Little Gem than in Saladin; the reactions caused by CMV were mild in both cultivars. The interaction between BWYV and CMV infection resulted in a significantly greater yield loss in both cultivars than that caused by BWYV or CMV infection alone.     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测体系的建立

为灵敏、快速地检测西瓜种子和果实中的黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV),根据该病毒的衣壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)序列设计特异性引物,建立基于SYBR Green Ⅰ染料的实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)技术,并对采集的12份不同发育期西瓜果实样品进行检测。结果表明,建立的RT-qPCR检测技术可对西瓜种子中的CGMMV含量进行精确检测,检测下限为3.35×10~2 copies/μL。采集的12份不同发育期西瓜果实样品中有10份被检测出携带CGMMV,病毒含量范围为1.00×10~4～4.80×10~6 copies/μL。随着果实发育,由CGMMV引起的果实倒瓤症状愈加明显,果实中CGMMV的积累量也明显增加。授粉后25 d西瓜果实中CGMMV的含量是授粉后10 d时的30倍,表明病毒在果实中的积累可能受生长发育期的影响且果实倒瓤症状的形成与病毒积累量呈正相关。     

黄瓜中与黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒侵染相关的miRNA表达特征分析

MicroRNA作为一种内源小分子非编码RNA,在植物生长发育、信号转导、转录调控、新陈代谢及各种胁迫条件下发挥重要作用。本研究通过生物信息学技术对黄瓜miR159和miR858的靶基因进行预测和功能分析,结果显示miR159和miR858的靶基因主要为MYB类转录因子家族成员,参与植物生长发育和抗病过程。实时荧光定量PCR分析黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(CGMMV)不同侵染时期在黄瓜不同组织中目的miRNA的表达特征,结果表明黄瓜miR159和miR858的表达具有时空特异性和组织特异性,二者均可对CGMMV侵染做出响应并存在显著差异表达。     

The natural occurrence of bean yellow mosaic, cucumber mosaic and tobacco mosaic viruses in lisianthus in Israel

Mosaic on leaves, necrosis, stunting and flower symptoms were observed in lisianthus ( Eustoma russellianum ) raised from seed. Three viruses, bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), cucumber mosaic (CMV) and tobacco mosaic (TMV), were isolated. Virus identification was based on electron microscopy, host range, aphid transmission and serology.     

种子种苗上黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒IC-RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(CGMMV)是一种检疫性植物病毒, 种传和农事操作是其主要传播途径, 因此种子和种苗的早期检测尤为重要?鉴于种子检测的特殊性及幼苗病毒含量低的特点, 本试验通过制备CGMMV单克隆抗体, 结合特异性引物, 建立了黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的IC-RT-PCR早期检测方法, 比较了IC-RT-PCR与DAS-ELISA和RT-PCR方法的特异性?灵敏度, 并对实际检测效果进行了评价?在操作程序上, IC-RT-PCR法与DAS-ELISA法一样简便, 但灵敏度远大于DAS-ELISA?IC-RT-PCR与RT-PCR均可检出20~25 ng种子上的病毒, 且特异性相当, 而DAS-ELISA法只可检出10 μg种子上的病毒?综上所述, IC-RT-PCR法可简便有效地应用于种子和种苗上CGMMV的检测, 为病毒防治的早期干预提供技术支撑?     

Characterization of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus isolates in Greece

Since 1990, massive cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) outbreaks of various symptomatology, especially on tomato, have been observed all over Greece. To characterize local virus populations, 40 CMV isolates of different origin and symptomatology in the field and glasshouse were examined for subgroup identification and presence of satellite RNA (satRNA). The IC-PCR method was used to amplify part of the coat protein gene of the isolates; the products were submitted to RFLP analysis using Eco RI and Msp I restriction enzymes. Most isolates gave the characteristic pattern attributed to CMV subgroup I, confirming the results obtained by serotyping with monoclonal antibodies. Some Greek isolates, however, possessed additional Eco RI and Msp I sites unusual for subgroup I isolates, and the patterns obtained, especially for Msp I, could be confused with those of subgroup II. These data suggest that restriction enzyme analysis of amplified PCR products used for strain characterization needs to be treated with caution, especially for viruses such as CMV showing genomic heterogeneity. IC-PCR was also developed for satRNA amplification and the results agreed with those of molecular hybridization with a dig-DNA probe. A satRNA was carried by 77% of the isolates.     

三七花叶症的检测与鉴定

从云南文山采集的表现明显花叶,并畸形、皱缩症状的三七样品,经血清学检测,与黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumbermosaicCucumovirus,CMV)有弱阳性反应,根据CMV种的外壳蛋白同源性序列设计引物,对其进行了RT鄄PCR扩增和序列分析,判定样品中含有CMV。