规模猪场粪污治理及资源化利用案例分析——以西安市户县清凉山养猪场为例

为推进西安市规模养殖场粪污治理及资源化利用工作,促进种养结合、农牧循环的生态养殖模式,文章从粪污治理实践入手,全面分析了西安市户县清凉山养猪场的粪污治理模式和特点、粪污治理设施设备的运行应用情况以及粪污治理效果和资源化利用情况,为西安市规模养猪场的养殖废弃物治理及资源化利用工作提供实践依据。     

泰兴市大力推进畜禽粪污资源化利用全面提升畜牧业绿色发展水平

本文从采取管理措施、形成典型推进模式、取得良好成效3个方面介绍了江苏省泰兴市大力推进畜禽粪污资源化利用情况。泰兴市是畜牧大市(县),2019年各类畜禽折合猪当量存栏53.3万头,年产生粪污143万t,畜牧业发展与环境保护之间矛盾日益增加,为加快推进畜禽粪污治理,实现畜牧业发展与环境保护和谐统一,泰兴市实施2017年畜禽粪污资源化利用试点县项目,积极采取多种方式和多措施全力高效推进畜禽粪污资源化利用,使全市规模场配套率100%,规模养殖场治理率为99.2%,畜禽粪污综合利用率97.18%,从而全面提升了泰兴市畜牧业绿色发展水平。     

太仓市扎实推进生态畜牧业绿色发展

江苏省太仓市自2016年起探索畜牧业绿色发展道路,在畜禽粪污资源化利用整县推进趋势下,利用自身优势,多措并举构建粪污资源化综合利用体系。建立健全长效管理机制,网格化推进日常监管,保障污染治理成果及粪污还田成效。2019年,全市畜禽粪污资源化综合利用率达到90%以上,畜禽规模养殖场治理率达到100%,规模以下养殖场治理率达到80%以上。     

黑龙江畜禽养殖废弃物综合利用率超过70%

<正>2018年黑龙江省畜禽养殖废弃物资源化综合利用率达到72.9%,超额完成了68%的年度任务目标。规模养殖场设施装备配套率由2017年的46.5%提高到76.6%,超额完成了70%的年度任务目标。以粪污"源头减量、过程控制、末端利用"为治理路径,争取中央财政资金2.2亿元,支持5个畜禽粪污资源化利用整县推进项目,大力推进畜禽规模场粪污设施改造,引导社会资本参与粪污处理等公益性事业投资     

肃北县牛羊粪污有机肥加工生产现状

随着养殖技术和饲养水平的不断提高,畜禽饲养方式从农户房前屋后圈养逐步转化为规模养殖,且规模养殖迅速发展为畜禽养殖的主力军,但与此同时畜禽粪污对农村环境造成了严重污染.因此,科学合理地处理畜禽粪污,减少对环境的污染已迫在眉睫.2020年肃北县牛羊粪污总产生量为86531 t,资源化利用量为70090 t,资源化利用率达8...     

畜禽粪污治理与资源化利用

本文阐述了畜禽粪污的危害与资源化利用的必要性,畜禽粪污治理与资源化利用现状、存在问题及畜禽粪污治理与资源化利用方法,希望能对广大养殖场、从事畜禽粪污治理与资源化利用从业人员能有所帮助.     

南漳“四化并举”促进畜牧业绿色发展

正畜牧业绿色发展事关能否打赢畜禽养殖粪污治理资源化利用攻坚战和"碧水、蓝天、净土"保卫战以及"绿水青山"保卫战等三大战役。绿色发展是畜牧业发展的必由之路。湖北省南漳县因地制宜,"一场一策",积极探索畜禽粪污治理之路,大力实施畜禽粪污治理"四化"建设,整县推进畜禽养殖粪污治理资源化利用工作,努力实现畜牧业绿色发展。     

畜禽规模养殖场粪污处理利用设计要点

文章根据畜禽粪污资源化利用相关政策文件要求,结合规模场目前还存在的粪污处理设施配套不健全,粪污处理利用技术不尽合理等问题,从工程设计实践出发,按照"源头减量、过程控制、末端利用"的原则,提出加强畜禽粪污处理利用设施建设,明确畜禽养殖栏舍标准化改造、粪污收集处理设施设计标准及要求;加大粪污过程处理,规模养殖场可以因地制宜...     

浅议常德市畜禽养殖污染治理对策

文章就畜禽禁养、规模场户治污设施配套、粪污资源化利用等,结合常德市实际,对现行政策实施情况进行了归纳与探讨,以期为畜禽养殖污染治理提供一定参考。     

江苏南京市蛋鸡场粪污利用主要途径调研与分析

近年来,江苏省规模蛋鸡养殖比重不断上升,规模蛋鸡场粪污处理普遍存在减量化、无害化、资源化技术不匹配,设备投入不足等现状,部分地区存在疾病传播及环境污染的潜在危害。南京市畜牧家禽科学研究所响应省政府"263"专项行动精神开展本次调研,了解南京市蛋鸡规模场粪污处理现状,分析粪污处理利用途径,为促进南京市蛋鸡规模场尽快提升粪污综合处理能力提供参考。     

Worm control practices and anthelmintic usage in traditional and dairy cattle farms in the southern highlands of Tanzania

Worm control practices and anthelmintic usage in 177 cattle farms in Iringa district in the southern highlands of Tanzania was determined through a questionnaire survey. A total of 76 traditional, 92 small-scale dairy and 9 large-scale dairy cattle farms were included in the survey. Results indicated that 87.7% traditional, 97.8% small-scale dairy and 100% large-scale farmers relied solely on the use of anthelmintics, 2.7% traditional farmers used traditional medicines while 9.6% traditional farmers had not any form of worm control practice. Worm infection was ranked the second most important constraint of productivity in cattle in the three production systems. Most farms (57.6% traditional, 35.8% small-scale dairy, 66.7% large-scale dairy) used anthelmintics with a combination of levamisole and oxyclozanide. Benzimidazoles were used only in traditional (25.4%) and small-scale dairy (32.1%) farms while nitroxynil (Trodax) was mostly used in large-scale dairy farms (33.3%). Generally, 40% of farmers treated three or four times a year and the frequency in some farms was surprisingly high for resource poor small-scale farmers. The frequency of anthelmintic treatment was mostly the same regardless of the management system. Treatments in most farms depended on availability of money and drugs and not the epidemiology of parasites. A significant proportion (46.3%, P=0.007) of farmers especially in rural areas failed to follow their pre-planned treatment schedules due to lack of money (86%) and unavailability of drugs (6.6%). Many farmers (58.9%) had used the same type of anthelmintic for four or more consecutive years and 85.3% of them would continue with the same anthelmintic. Farmers in all management systems mostly purchased anthelmintics from private veterinary drug shops and about 43% traditional and 33.3% small-scale dairy farmers mostly in rural areas obtained anthelmintics from village extension officers. Despite the fact that all farmers were aware of worm infection and the associated signs in cattle, 42.5% had poor knowledge on the source of worm infection. Small-scale dairy farmers allowed only a 1-day withdraw period for milk regardless of the type of anthelmintic used and there was no milk and slaughter clearance in traditional farms. It was concluded from this study that worm control in Iringa faces serious constrains and that education of farmers and farm hands is not adequate. Moreover, poor quality control and high price of potent anthelmintics, few extension workers, low income and low education among farmers contributed significantly to erratic worm control practices and anthelmintic usage in peri-urban and rural areas.     

辽宁省肉牛、肉羊规模养殖场运行情况调查研究

为全面掌握辽宁省肉牛、肉羊规模养殖场（小区）运行情况,笔者对全省肉牛、肉羊规模场（小区）运行情况进行了调查,并对调查数据进行了分析研究,提出了相关对策建议。     

A survey by questionnaire of parasitic worm control in cattle and sheep at the Glasgow University Lanark practice

The results of a questionnaire circulated in 1984 concerning parasitic worm control on cattle and sheep farms in a veterinary practice in the west of Scotland are reported. Control by grazing management or anthelmintic treatment was used in 92 per cent of the cattle herds and in all the sheep flocks. The use of anthelmintic drugs was greatest on farms where grazing control was also practised. Benzimidazoles were the most frequently used anthelmintic drugs.     

藏羊包虫病流行病学调查及防治

为进一步掌握青海省海南州共和县铁盖乡藏羊包虫病的流行现状,为包虫病净化和综合防治工作奠定坚实依据,于2018、2019年采用屠宰检查和血清检查的方式,对辖区范围内藏羊包虫病的感染情况进行全面调查。通过对铁盖乡23个集约化规模化养殖场和中小规模养殖户养殖提供的藏羊及屠宰藏羊开展藏羊包虫病流行病学调查,2018、2019年研究的藏羊数量分别在2333、432和2456、321只。调查结果能看出当地包虫病的发生情况相对较为严重,整体防控形势较为严峻。2018、2019年屠宰场和养殖场的感染率在5.32%、9.37%和4.98%、8.31%,藏羊感染率呈现逐年下降趋势。但还是需要继续加大对包虫病的防治投入力度,强化宣传教育,普及包虫病防控知识,加强对犬科类动物的有效管理,定点屠宰牛羊,有效防范包虫病发生流行。     

Livestock Management in Red-Billed Chough Feeding Habitat in Great Britain and the Isle of Man

In Great Britain, red-billed chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) breed in discrete populations along the west coast: on Islay and Colonsay, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland; on the Isle of Man; in Wales; and in Cornwall. Chough are dependent on pastures grazed by sheep or cattle, and their survival therefore depends on sympathetic management of grassland. The Scottish population is in decline, and all other populations are growing or stable. Sixty-three farmers in these regions whose farms were known to support feeding chough were asked questions about their farm management using a structured, questionnaire-based personal interview. Islay farms were significantly larger and had more grazing area, with the lowest stocking densities. Welsh farms had the least cropping area and the smallest number of cattle. Cornwall had the smallest number of sheep per farm. Welsh farms were more likely to not house cattle during winter. Liver fluke in sheep and ticks and tick-borne disease were a higher concern on Islay than other regions, and abortion in sheep was of highest concern on the Isle of Man. Islay farmers applied between 4× and 13× as many synthetic pyrethroid (SP) treatments to cattle per year than farmers at other regions, and the application rate of triclabendazole (TCBZ) to sheep was higher on Islay than other regions. The rate of application of other products, including macrocyclic lactones, did not differ among regions. The study described here shows clear differences in the farm grazing management, in the priority given to animal health problems and in the frequency of application of veterinary parasiticides among four regions that provide feeding habitat for chough in the United Kingdom. These differences suggest that the viability of chough populations might be favored by higher-intensity grazing and low rates of application of veterinary parasiticides of either the TCBZ or SP, or both classes of parasiticides.     

张掖市规模化肉牛场疫病防控体系的建立和推广

张掖市百万头肉牛基地建设工程是张掖市确立的十大工程之一。为了有效控制规模肉牛场的疫病,使工程建设顺利实施,张掖市动物疫病预防控制中心对全市规模肉牛场基本情况和主要发生的疫病情况开展了普查,掌握了防疫工作中主要存在的问题,提出了完善技术规程、加强饲养管理、狠抓消毒灭源、坚持预防为主等防控措施。通过在全市规模肉牛场大力推广...     

Managing helminths of ruminants in organic farming

The use of anthelmintics is strongly limited in organic farming. This may induce a change in the intensity (no of worms) and diversity (proportions of species) of helminth infection. Helminths remain a major preoccupation in organic sheep farming: high levels of infection have been recorded on several farms and helminth diversity is always higher. The helminth infection in milk cattle of northern Europe is controlled and diversity is higher in organic farms, as recorded in sheep. The role of helminth diversity on intensity is still unclear. Grazing management is one of the means to controlling helminths. The use of safe pastures for calves and sheep after weaning is one of the major components of control. The use of alternate or mixed grazing is common for cattle in northern countries but is uncommon for sheep in France. Grazing management is not sufficient to controlling infection in sheep and conventional anthelmintic treatments are performed. Additionally, alternative treatments are used. The alternative therapies based on phytotherapy or homeopathy are largely recommended in organic farming but do not have any demonstrated efficacy. More research is needed to evaluate such therapies.     

我国农区大型肉牛养殖场管理技术探讨

结合我国农区大型肉牛养殖场现状及其存在的问题,立足于我国农业用地紧张、草场资源有限的生产实际,提出选择性地借鉴奶牛养殖的成功经验、制定精准化生产管理计划、精细分群、繁殖控制等技术措施,以期为提高我国农区大型肉牛养殖场管理技术水平提供参考。     

Characteristics of Bacteroides nodosus isolated from cattle

Fourteen isolates of Bacteroides nodosus were cultured from cattle on six farms and examined for colony morphology, pilation, agglutinability, proteolytic activity and pathogenicity for sheep. Where sheep were also present on the farms, isolates from these were compared with those from cattle.Colonies of the bovine isolates were moderately fimbriate. Cells from these colonies were pilated, but not to the extent observed on virulent sheep isolates. The proteolytic activity of the isolates was also less than that described for virulent ovine isolates. When inoculated into sheep, B. nodosus from cattle produced only mild interdigital inflammation. There was no separation of horn characteristic of virulent foot-rot. Preliminary studies, based on agglutination tests, suggest that B. nodosus with different surface antigens may occur in cattle in the same herd and in cattle and sheep on the same farm. On one of six farms isolates from cattle and sheep were indistinguishable by the agglutination test.