果叶两用沙棘选优研究

从中国沙棘优良类型无性系和杂交沙棘优良单株无性系中,以果产量、叶产量、新梢刺、果营养成分、叶营养成分指标综合评价,初步选出了6个果叶两用型优良沙棘：“杂优1号”、“杂优12号”、“杂优10号”、“杂优54号”、“建平橘红”、“蛮汗山红”。     

中国沙棘育种研究进展

近20年来,中国的沙棘育种,以“多目标育种、多层次选择、选引育并进、有性与无性繁殖兼用”和“多生态区布点、多单位协作”的理念作指导,开展了多方面的工作。通过对种群的系统调查和种源试验,查明了中国沙棘的种群构成与变异规律;在中国沙棘基础上,通过多层次选择,选育出“红霞”、“无刺雄”等5个沙棘良种;在引进种质基础上,通过多种类型的实生选种,选育出“棕丘”、“无刺丰”等15个无性系品种;经多种组合的杂交试验,确知“蒙古沙棘×中国沙棘”的F1代,有显著的杂种优势,并筛选出理想的亲本组合,应用于杂交种子园的营建;在以不同亲本所作的杂交子代群体中,选育出“华林1号”、“天水1号”等杂种无性系品种。到20世纪末,对所选育的各类沙棘良种和主要引进品种,分项进行了区域化试验,多数品种已批量的应用于生产。目前,中国的沙棘育种,正在前期选育无枝刺,大果粒、高产、适应性强的总体目标和育种成果的基础上,进一步追求各类营养保健物质的高含量和高品质。研究手段也将向多元化发展。     

沙棘生态建设新资源---生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系,以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体．选育出了HS-7和HS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以“丘伊斯克×中国沙棘”杂交子一代为选择群体,选育出了适应性好、果实产量高、棘刺少、营养丰富的3个生态经济型新品系．     

沙棘生态建设新资源-生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系,以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体,选育出了HS-7和HS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以“丘伊斯克×中国沙棘”杂交子一代为选择群体,选育出了适应性好、果实产量高、棘刺少、营养丰富的3个生态经济型新品系,为我国干旱、半干旱地区的沙棘生态建设和植被恢复提供了新的材料资源。     

沙棘生态建设新资源——生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

水利部沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系．以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体．选育出了HS-7和HS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以“丘伊斯克×中国沙棘”杂交子一代为选择群体,选育出了适应性好、果实产量高、棘刺少、营养丰富的3个生态经济型新品系,为我国干旱、半干旱地区的沙棘生态建设和植被恢复提供了新的材料资源。     

沙棘生态建设新资源——生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

水利部沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系,以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体,选育出了HS-7和HS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以“丘伊斯克×中国沙棘”杂交子一代为选择群体,选育出了适应性好、果实产量高、棘刺少、营养丰富的3个生态经济型新品系,为我国干旱、半干旱地区的沙棘生态建设和植被恢复提供了新的材料资源。     

沙棘生态建设新资源--生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

水利部沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系,以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体．选育出了HS-7和HS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以“丘伊斯克X中国沙棘”杂交子一代为选择群体．选育出了适应性好、果实产量高、棘刺少、营养丰富的3个生态经济型新品系．为我国干旱、半干旱地区的沙棘生态建设和植被恢复提供了新的材料资源。     

沙棘生态建设新资源——生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系．以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体．选育出了HS-7和DHS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以“丘伊斯克×中国沙棘”杂交子一代为选择群体,选育出了适应性好、果实产量高、棘刺少、营养丰富的3个生态经济型新品系．为我国干旱、半干旱地区的沙棘生态建设和植被恢复提供了新的材料资源。     

沙棘生态建设新资源——生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系．以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体．选育出了HS-7和HS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以“丘伊斯克×中国沙棘”杂交子一代为选择群体,选育出了适应性好、果实产量高、棘刺少、营养丰富的3个生态经济型新品系．为我国干旱、半干旱地区的沙棘生态建设和植被恢复提供了新的材料资源。     

沙棘生态建设新资源——生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系,以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体,选育出了HS-7和HS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以"丘伊斯克×中国沙棘"杂交子一代为选择群体,     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。