Defects in semiconductors: some fatal, some vital

REVIEW The role of defects as essential entities in semiconductor materials is reviewed. Early experiments with semiconductors were hampered by the extreme sensitivity of the electronic properties to minute concentrations of impurities. Semiconductors were viewed as a family of solids with irreproducible properties. Scientific efforts overcame this idiosyncrasy and turned the art of impurity doping into today's exceedingly useful and reproducible technology that is used to control precisely electrical conductivity, composition, and minority-carrier lifetimes over wide ranges. Native defects such as vacancies and self-interstitials control basic processes, foremost self- and dopant diffusion. The structural properties of dislocations and higher dimensional defects have been studied with atomic resolution, but a thorough theoretical understanding of their electronic properties is incomplete. Reactions between defects within the host lattices are increasingly better understood and are used for gettering and electrical passivation of unwanted impurities. Metastable defects such as DX centers and the EL2-related arsenic antisite are briefly discussed. The recent development of isotopically controlled semiconductors has created new research opportunities in this field.     

介绍几种早中晚熟花椰菜品种

花椰菜又名菜花、花菜,是十字花科芸薹属甘蓝种中能形成花球的一个变种,属一二年生草本植物.按花球颜色可分为白菜花、绿菜花、紫菜花、黄菜花.花椰菜是人们喜爱的蔬菜,其花球肥嫩,外形美观,质地致密,风味鲜美,营养丰富.本文分别介绍几种早、中、晚熟花椰菜品种,以避免种植者不能正确选择品种而造成的损失.     

新疆数种蜘蛛记述

蜘蛛是农林害虫的重要天敌,而迄今新疆的蜘蛛区系资料缺乏。本文记述的7种蜘蛛分属4科,依次为:皿蛛科Linyphiidae的活跃皿蛛Linyphia impigra、兴旺侏儒蛛Meioneta beata和乡间侏儒蛛Meioneta rurestris,球腹蛛科Theridiidae的芦苇罗蛛Robertus arundineti,狼蛛科Lycosidae的顽皮豹蛛Pardosa lasciva,卷叶蛛科Dictynidae的开展婀蛛Argenna patula以及跳蛛科Salticidae的同足斑蛛Euophrys aequipes。     

PRRSV HN-08株的分离鉴定及其部分生物学特性研究

【目的】对2008年河南省猪呼吸与繁殖综合征病毒(PRRSV)流行株进行分离鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行研究,以了解免疫猪群发病的原因。【方法】从河南省猪场采集发病猪的血清和组织,采用Marc-145细胞对其中的PRRSV进行分离及初步鉴定。应用RT-PCR法对分离株进行扩增,并构建克隆载体,对阳性质粒测序后进行ORF5基因核苷酸及推导氨基酸序列分析,同时对分离毒株进行非免疫猪人工感染试验,确定其致病性。【结果】从发病猪组织和血清中分离到1株PRRSV(HN-08株),其可引起Marc-145细胞产生细胞病变(CPE),可在Marc-145细胞中稳定传代,能被PRRSV高免血清特异性中和;从人工感染发病猪组织和血清中均分离到PRRSV。RT-PCR得到与预期大小相符的特异片段,提交NCBI鉴定为HN-08株,属美洲型PRRSV。【结论】从河南省发病猪体内分离的HN-08株属美洲型PRRSV,对猪具有很强的致病力,可引起Marc-145细胞产生CPE,病毒滴度TCID50为105.1/mL。     

再生稻某些性状与产量及产量构成因子的关系

为了给中稻再生稻的育种提供依据，以37个杂交稻组合和常规稻品种为材料，研究了产量、产量构成因子、再生率、株高及穗长整齐度等性状的相关关系。结果表明：杂交再生稻产量性状优于常规再生稻品种；单株再生苗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数是影响再生稻产量的主要因子；再生稻的株高整齐度、穗长整齐度与其产量呈不显著负相关。     

酸性耕作土壤中Zn、Cd、Cu、Co、Ni和Pb的形态

采用连续提取法研究了福建省酸性耕作土壤中Zn、Cd、Cu、Co、Ni和Pb的形态分布及其影响因素.结果表明,各元素水溶态和交换态所占比例均很小,Zn、Co、Ni和Pb均以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,Cu以残渣态和有机结合态为主,Cd以碳酸盐结合态与专性吸附态、铁锰氧化物结合态和交换态为主.相关分析表明,土壤理化性质对重金属形态有较大影响,但影响程度因元素而异.Zn、Ni和Co的形态受游离氧化铁、阳离子交换量和粘粒含量的影响较大;Cd和Pb的形态受土壤pH、游离氧化铁和粘粒含量的影响较大;Cu的形态与土壤粘粒含量呈较显著相关.     

Sudbury structure, ontario: some petrographic evidence for origin by meteorite impact

Unusual deformation structures, similar to those observed in rocks from known and suspected meteorite impact craters, are observed in inclusions of basement rock in the Onaping formation at Sudbury, Ontario. These features, which include planar sets in quartz parallel to the (0001) and (10ī3) planes, suggest that the Onaping formation consists of shocked and melted material deposited immediately after a meteorite impact which formed the Sudbury basin.