雁门关地区哺乳动物多样性的调查研究

对雁门关地区哺乳动物多样性进行了调查研究,查明该区哺乳动物6目18科43属53种,占全国总种数(645种)的8.22%,占山西省总种数(71种)的74.65%。其中以食肉目种数(16种)占全国食肉目种数(63种)的比例最高,达到25.40%,占山西省(20种)的80%。以翼手目种数(4种)占全国翼手目种数(129种)的比例最低,仅占全国的3.10%,占山西省(9种)的44.44%。研究表明,雁门关地区的哺乳动物资源在山西省占有很大比例,而一个地区的生物多样性又对当地的生态环境意义重大,应予以重视和保护。     

辽河中上游流域种子植物区系分析

本文通过对辽河中上游流域植被调查和植物标本采集，结合室内标本查阅，分析了辽河中上游流域种子植物区系组成，其结果为：辽河中上游流域有种子植物103科、414属、共850种；其中裸子植物2科、2属；被子植物：101科、412属。主要科为禾本科。占总属数的12．32％，占总种数的10．59％；其次为菊科，占总属数的11．35％。占总种数的13．53％；第三位为豆科。占总属数的5．07％，占总种数的6％。多年生草本在所有生活型植物中占63．06％，水分生态型以中生植物为主。占53．15％，其次为中旱生植物，反映出该地区适合草本生长的草甸生境较多。地理区系组成以东亚成分为主。但因出现戈壁种。说明该地区环境的多样化。同时也反映出甸子地正不断沙化。     

利用体外产气法评价微贮小麦秸秆营养价值的研究

[目的]提高青海省小麦秸秆的利用率。[方法]采用小麦秸秆为原料进行微贮,测定不同微贮时间小麦秸秆的pH、粗蛋白(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、粗脂肪(EE)、水分(H2O)含量,研究微贮时间对小麦秸秆品质的影响,并利用体外产气技术对其进行评价。[结果]各试验组pH随微贮时间的增加逐渐减小,均极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。试验组CP随微贮时间的增加而升高,均高于对照组。试验组CF含量随微贮时间增加而降低,均极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。试验组EE含量随微贮时间呈逐渐递增的趋势,均高于对照组,但与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。试验组水分含量随微贮时间增加而降低。随微贮时间的增加,净产气量逐渐上升、干物质降解率(DM)和有机物质降解率(OMD)、消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME)逐渐升高。[结论]综合考虑,小麦秸秆微贮22 d即可满足生产需求。     

Comparison of carbon sequestration efficiency in soil aggregates between upland and paddy soils in a red soil region of China

There is limited information on carbon sequestration efficiency(CSE) of soil aggregates in upland and paddy soils under long-term fertilization regimes. In a red soil region of southern China, an upland soil experiment started in 1986 and a paddy soil experiment commenced in 1981. These experiments were conducted using different fertilization treatments. After 30 years, soil organic carbon(SOC) content and stock of different aggregate components were analyzed. The results showed that the SOC contents and stocks in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil. In both upland and paddy soils, the SOC contents and stocks of all aggregate components in NPKM(combined treatment with chemical nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K) fertilizers and manure) were the highest among all treatments. Compared with CK(no fertilizer), SOC content of all aggregate components in NPKM was increased by 13.21–63.11% and 19.13–73.33% in upland and paddy soils, respectively. Meanwhile, the change rates in SOC stock of all aggregate components in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil, although the change rate of SOC stock of all aggregate components in NPKM was higher than in other treatments. Furthermore, a linear equation could fit the relationships between carbon(C) input and change rate of SOC stock(P0.05). Results indicated that the sum of CSE from all aggregate components in upland soil(16.02%) was higher than that of paddy soil(15.12%) in the same climatic condition and from the same parent material. However, the CSEs from all aggregates were higher than that of bulk soil, although the result from bulk soil also showed that the CSE of upland soil was higher than that of paddy soil.     

改良剂对镉污染土壤和小白菜养分含量的影响

以小白菜为材料,采用大棚盆栽土培的试验方法,用石灰、膨润土和微生物肥单施或配施作为改良剂,研究改良剂对镉污染土壤和小白菜营养元素含量的影响,试验共种植两茬小白菜.结果表明:所有添加改良剂处理的土壤碱解氮含量均比CK显著降低;第1茬试验中添加改良剂使土壤全磷含量显著高于CK(T7处理除外),土壤有效磷含量显著高于CK(T2处理除外),土壤速效钾含量显著高于CK(T1、T5处理除外).两茬试验中T1处理小白菜地上部全氮含量均显著高于CK;T2、T6处理小白菜地上部全磷含量均显著高于CK;第1茬试验中T1、T4、T5处理小白菜地上部全钾含量比CK显著增大.     

The role of macrophages in particle translocation from lungs to lymph nodes

Red fluorescent and green fluorescent microspheres were instilled into separate but adjacent areas of dog lung lobes. After 7 days, the tracheobronchial lymph nodes that drained both of the instilled areas contained many macrophages with all red or all green microspheres but rarely both. This indicates that the particles did not translocate passively and that lung macrophages phagocytized the microspheres in the lung and carried them to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. In addition, two populations of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM's), one that had phagocytized red microspheres in vivo and one that had phagocytized green microspheres, were lavaged from the lungs of dogs, mixed into one population, and instilled back into a previously unexposed lung lobe of the same dogs. As in the first experiment, the tracheobronchial lymph nodes that drained the instilled area contained numerous macrophages with either all red or all green microspheres. This suggested that the instilled PAM's had migrated to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Thus, lung macrophages, including PAM's probably play a critical role in the induction of lung immunity and in protection from disease by determining particle translocation.     

稀土对玉米幼苗抗盐性作用的研究

种子经稀土处理,在幼苗生长过程中,浇以不同浓度的NaCl溶液培养、观察,并进行苗期生理指标测定。结果显示,处理组各项生理指标均明显优于对照组。根据对幼苗株高、叶片中脯氨酸含量及叶片组织电导度的测量分析结果综合评定,4,5,7,8号处理明显优于对照,其中4号处理(50mg/kg2富镧稀土浸种)、7号处理(100mg/kg3#富镧稀土浸种)各项指标均达到统计学显著水平。     

福建省烟粉虱生物型鉴定

采用m tDNA分子标记技术以及西葫芦银叶测定方法,对从福建省8个具有代表性地理区域采集的烟粉虱样品进行生物型鉴定.结果表明:8个烟粉虱种群在m tDNA COⅠ基因720 bp片段序列上的所有位点都相同,它们与Texas-B、Israel-B、Ind ia-B、Morocco-B、France-B1、France-B2、Be ijing-B、Argentina-B、Reun ion-B1、Reun ion-B2、Reun ion-B3等11个B型烟粉虱种群在m tDNA COⅠ基因720 bp序列上的差异很小(序列相似性为99.6%-100%),总体上属于同一进化枝;与Morocco-Q、Colomb ia-A1、Colomb ia-A2烟粉虱种群在m tDNA COⅠ基因720 bp序列上差异较大,分别属于不同的进化枝;8个烟粉虱种群均可引起典型的西葫芦银叶症状.说明福建省8个烟粉虱种群均属于B生物型.     

3种园林植物对土壤重金属Cd的吸收及修复研究

以自来水处理作对照,采用土培法研究了3种Cd处理浓度下棕竹、宛田红花油茶、博白大果油茶对土壤重金属Cd的吸收及修复能力,为Cd超积累植物的筛选及土壤Cd污染治理提供依据。结果表明,与对照组（0 mg.kg-1）相比,10、25、50 mg.kg-1 Cd处理45 d后,3种园林植物均能较好生长,未出现任何中毒症状;10、50 mg.kg-1 Cd处理浓度下,3种园林植物地下部（根系）Cd含量均大于地上部（茎、叶）,且随着Cd处理浓度的增大,地下部（根系）Cd含量增幅均大于地上部（叶、茎）,其中棕竹根系Cd含量增幅最大,是10 mg.kg-1处理的7.05倍;在10～50 mg.kg-1处理浓度范围内,3种园林植物地上部与地下部Cd含量比值均较低,且Cd在3种植物体内的迁移率均随处理浓度增大而降低。     

不同林龄杉木实生林物理力学性质变异研究

以湖南省金洞林场同一立地条件、不同林龄的杉木实生林木材为研究对象,按照国家标准测定其物理力学性质的气干密度、基本密度、横纹弦向全部抗压、横纹径向全部抗压等10个性状指标.方差分析发现,杉木实生林木材的10个性状指标均随林龄的增大而增加,且各指标差异显著.对其进行相关性分析,发现木材物理与力学性质间表现为正相关,其中与横纹弦向局部抗压、横纹径向局部抗压、顺纹抗弯模量、顺纹抗拉强度表现出极显著相关性,相关系数为0.207～0.680.变异系数计算结果表明,各性状的变异系数变化范围为3.57％ ～11.40％,30年生时,气干密度、基本密度、横纹弦向全部抗压、横纹径向局部抗压、顺纹抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度的变异系数小于其他2个林龄.全部性状的变异系数均处于10％左右,说明实生林各性状总体稳定.综上可知,实生林的物理力学性质具有密切的相关性,随着林龄的增加,表现出受环境因素影响越来越小,受遗传因素影响越来越大.     

3种沙棘染色体核型研究

对生长在同一生境的中国沙棘、蒙古沙棘和俄罗斯沙棘的核型进行了比较研究.结果表明:3种沙棘的染色体数目均为2n=24,都由中部着丝粒染色体组成.其中,中国沙棘、蒙古沙棘在第4对染色体上有随体,俄罗斯沙棘在第2对染色体上有随体.3种沙棘的核型类型都是2A型,比较对称.     

鲁西牛ANGPTL6基因的3个多态位点与其生长性状的关联性分析

【目的】揭示鲁西牛ANGPTL6 (angiopoietin-like protein 6)基因的遗传变异特征,发现与鲁西牛生长性状显著相关的候选分子标记,为鲁西牛分子育种积累基础资料。【方法】以183头鲁西牛血样为材料,运用DNA池测序和PCR-RFLP等技术检测ANGPTL6基因的序列变异。【结果】检测到鲁西牛ANGPTL6基因内含子中3个新的SNPs。χ2检验表明这3个多态位点均处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态（P＞0.05）。遗传变异特征分析显示,T2359C 和 G3258T位点属于中度多态性,C2403A位点属于低度多态性。连锁不平衡和单倍型分析表明,鲁西牛ANGPTL6基因3个多态位点之间为弱连锁,单倍型TCG（野生型）属于优势单倍型（频率为44.3%）。方差分析表明,单个的SNP和不同SNPs之间的组合均与鲁西牛生长性状有着显著或极显著的关联,杂合型个体的生长性状指标均高于纯合型个体。【结论】鲁西牛ANGPTL6基因的3个SNPs与其生长性状显著相关,并且杂合基因型个体明显优于纯合基因型个体,此结果可以应用于鲁西牛的分子育种实践。     

杉木细柄阿丁枫混交林根际土壤的研究

通过对细柄阿丁枫和杉木纯林根际土、全土及混交林全土的研究结果表明：两树种均具有明显根际效应，但细柄阿丁枫的根际效应比杉木的大；根际土有机质、全氮、土壤微生物组成和区系及土壤酶活性均比全土大，但速效性氮、磷、钾则比全土小；与杉木纯林相比，混交林土壤生物学活性得到一定程度的改善，混交林中杉木平均树高和胸径分别是杉木纯林的1.16倍和1．20倍，混交林林分总蓄积比杉木纯林增加19．99％．     

天水市退耕还林（草）不同造林模式对土壤养分的影响

[目的]研究不同造林模式对改善土壤的差异和机理。[方法]对甘肃省天水市秦州区退耕还林（草）工程3种造林模式土壤的含水量、容重、总孔隙度、水稳性团粒组成和土壤有机碳进行了比较分析。[结果]与农田对照相比,退耕还林（草）3种造林模式的土壤含水量均显著地高;0—20cm表层的土壤容重均显著地高,而20—60cm土层的则均显著地低;0～20cm表层的土壤总孔隙度显著地低,而20～60cm土层的则均显著地高;各土层土壤不同粒径的土壤团粒百分含量高于相应的农田;土壤有机碳均随土壤深度的增加而减小,说明退耕还林有利于土壤有机碳向下输送。3种造林模式中以乔草型效果为最好。[结论]实施7年退耕还林（草）后,与农田相比,明显改善了土壤物理性质和土壤结构．提高了土壤保水和蓄水性能。     

长期地膜覆盖对棕壤水分含量和储量动态变化的影响

棕壤长期定位实验结果表明,长期地膜覆盖对土壤剖面内0~60 cm的土壤水分动态变化有较大影响。从播种前期(4月20日)至大喇叭口期(6月30日)以及长粒期(8月15日)至作物收获后的结冰期(11月10日),在0~20 cm和20~40 cm这两个层次覆膜处理的土壤含水量基本上均高于裸地,而在40~60 cm这个层次整个生长季覆膜处理的土壤含水量基本上均接近甚至低于裸地,同时长期的地膜覆盖保护了60~100 cm的土壤水分。从整个生长季来看,0~40 cm和40~100 cm这两个层次土壤水储量均是覆膜高于裸地。因此地膜覆盖是干旱地区一种重要的保水措施。     

宫颈外观与宫颈病变关系初探

目的初步研究宫颈外观与宫颈病变的关系.方法选取2005-01—2009-12月河北北方学院附属第一医院妇科所有宫颈病变患者临床资料,回顾性分析其临床资料,按病变程度分组,比较各组病变之间宫颈外观的构成比,并作分析.结果在所有阳性病例中宫颈光滑和轻度糜烂与中重度糜烂组比较,差异无统计学意义.但在高度病变和癌变中中重度糜烂...     

溶液中无机化学反应的平衡常数统一为一种类型

 根据广义氧化还原理论,溶液中所有的无机反应都是氧化还原反应,因此,这些反应的平衡都是氧化还原平衡。归根到底,溶液中的无机反应的平衡常数就是一种类型：广义氧化还原平衡常数,这样就可能使无机化学实现进一步的系统化。     

我国森林公园的发展动态分析

以我国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市及全国森林公园为研究对象,分析我国森林公园数量、面积、旅游收入、游客数量年份间的动态变化。结果表明,我国森林公园数量、面积、旅游收入、游客总人次、国内游客人次及海外游客人次呈现逐年递增趋势。森林公园数量、面积及旅游收入均在2001年及2002年增幅比例较高,而游客总人次及国内游客人次除2003年外增幅均较高。相关性分析均表明,森林公园数量、面积、游客总人次、国内游客人次及海外游客人次均与森林公园旅游收入具有显著相关性,但逐步回归分析显示,仅有森林公园数量及国内游客人次影响森林公园旅游收入。     

Study on Flavonoids in the Caryopsis of Indica Rice Rdh

To detect if there are phenolic flavonoids such as proanthocyanidins in Rdh, histochemistry assay toluidine blue O (TBO) staining and vanillin tests were performed. Rdh caryopsis transverse sections were stained by metachromatic stain TBO. It showed that there were a great deal of polyphenols in the pericarp and seed-coat tissues, and a little of them was in the cell wall of aleurone layers. The ovaries of Rdh and colorless rice were dealt with vanillin. It showed that all fertilized ovaries of Rdh were bright red regardless what degree the caryopsis maturity was, and all the ovaries of it before fertilization were not red after vanillin treatment. It suggested that every Rdh caryopsis had proanthocyanidins or its precursors, and fertilization was the premise of proanthocyanidins or its precursor synthesis. But colorless rice could not accumulate proanthocyanidins or its precursors. The pericarp, seed-coat and aleurone layer tissues of Rdh and colorless rice were anatomized and were dealt with vanillin. It was showed that three layers of Rdh were all bright red after treatment, revealing that they all had proanthocyanidins or its precursors, but colorless rice could not. It was suggested that polymerized proanthocyanindins were synthesized and accumulated in the pericarp of Rdh, and monomer-proanthocyanidins or leucoanthocyanidins were synthesized and accumulated in the seed-coat and the aleurone layer tissues.     

浙江地区不同寄主来源的炭疽菌ITS序列PCR-RFLP多态性分析

应用核糖体DNA (ribo-somal DNA,rDNA)的ITS( internal transcribed spacer,ITS)区的RFLP序列的多态性,分析32个不同寄主来源的炭疽菌株的遗传多样性.利用ITS1及ITS4通用引物对扩增各菌株的rDNA的内转录间隔区(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)获得长约600 bp片段.ITS-RFLP共迁带UPGMA聚类分析的结果表明所有来自不同寄主的炭疽菌菌株(含福建及云南菌株)都以较高的相似系数(＞0.60)聚为一类,具有较近的 亲缘关系;同时试验中所有酶切位点的综合Gst系数达到0.82,说明不同菌株间的ITS具有丰富的多态性.