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1.
Emmy Dhooghe Sylvie Denis Tom Eeckhaut Dirk Reheul Marie-Christine Van Labeke 《Euphytica》2009,168(1):33-40
This study investigates the capacity of the antimitotic agents colchicine, oryzalin and trifluralin for inducing polyploidisation
of Ranunculus asiaticus ‘Alfa’ in vitro shoots. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the optimal concentration of each antimitotic agent for polyploidisation.
Trifluralin at a concentration of 2 μM resulted in the highest percentage of polyploidisation (27.5%), followed by a colchicine
treatment of 200 μM, which induced 23.3% of polyploids. For oryzalin the highest percentage was achieved using a concentration
of 1 μM. Different exposure periods were tested and turned out to be an important factor. The maximal exposure period tested
(10 weeks) resulted in a significant increase in polyploidisation by oryzalin and trifluralin. In contrast, for colchicine
(100 μM) exposure times of either 16 or 24 h did not significantly influence polyploidisation. Additionally the effect of
the antimitotic agents on the viability was analysed. For colchicine no significant effect on the survival rate was observed,
for trifluralin only a concentration of 10 μM affected viability whereas for oryzalin, concentration as well as exposure period
were significant parameters. Flow cytometric data were confirmed by counting chromosomes in root tip cells. 相似文献
2.
Doubling the chromosome number of bahiagrass via tissue culture 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kenneth H. Quesenberry Judith M. Dampier Y. Y. Lee Rex L. Smith Carlos A. Acuña 《Euphytica》2010,175(1):43-50
Crop improvement in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is limited by apomixis in most natural tetraploids, however, diploid sexual types occur. Production of sexual tetraploids
by chromosome doubling will allow hybridization with apomictic tetraploids. Diploid bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) embryogenic callus tissue was exposed to three concentrations of three antimitotic chemical agents, colchicine, oryzalin
and trifluralin. Callus was generated to plants and ploidy was evaluated by stomata size, mitotic chromosome counts, and flow
cytometry. A total of 310 plants were verified as tetraploid of 1,432 plants that reached transplanting size. All treatments
yielded 4x plants. The mean percentage success over all treatments was 22%, with means of 31% for oryzalin, 24% for colchicine and 16%
for trifluralin. The high rates of success indicate that all agents can be successfully used to double chromosome numbers
in bahiagrass. The percentage of 4x plants ranged from 9% (20 μM trifluralin) to 43% (20 μM oryzalin). Several treatments adversely affected regeneration. Mitotic
chromosome counts are difficult and labor intensive in bahiagrass. Therefore, leaf stomata measurements were used as a preliminary
screen. Data gave a bimodal distribution with overlapping tails and based on chromosome counts would have given an error rate
of 12%. Flow cytometry analysis of regenerated plants resulted in mean nucleus fluorescence distributions consistent with
control diploid or tetraploid values. These values agreed with chromosome counts, and this method is recommended for determining
bahiagrass ploidy level. Research goals and available resources should be taken into consideration when selecting a treatment
for chromosome doubling in bahiagrass. 相似文献
3.
Pegah Khosravi Maryam Jafarkhani Kermani Ghorban Ali Nematzadeh Mohammad Reza Bihamta Kazutomo Yokoya 《Euphytica》2008,160(2):267-275
Dinitroanilines represent a class of compounds that are widely used in herbicide formulations as they depolymerise plant microtubles,
causing chromosome doubling. The potential of microtubule depolymerising herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin, and amiprophosmethyl
(APM) for in vitro chromosome doubling of Rosa was studied. Five concentrations (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 μM) and three exposure periods (12, 24 and 48 h) for each of the compounds
were compared. Oryzalin, trifluralin and APM were not significantly different in their ability to induce chromosome doubling
of R. hybrida cv Iceberg. At concentration of 6 μM and exposure period of 24 h, chromosome doubling of R. hybrida cv Iceberg was not significantly different with each of the polyplodising agents. At higher concentration (24 μM) and longer
exposure period (48 h), 66.7% and 62.5% chromosome doubling was achieved with APM and trifluralin, respectively. However,
the application of 6 μM oryzalin to R. persica (2n = 2x), R. hybrida cv Iceberg (2n = 3x) and R. hybrida cv Akito (2n = 4x), resulted in 60.0%, 6.3% and 0% chromosome doubling, respectively, which suggest that chromosome doubling is genotype dependent
and plants with lower ploidy level have a higher propensity for chromosome doubling. Flow cytometry results at 18 and 24 weeks
after herbicide treatment, indicated that the best time to test the treated plants was after 24 weeks. 相似文献
4.
Tetraploid plants were induced successfully from diploid bananas Musa acuminata (AA genome) ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’ and ‘Kluai Sa’ (2n = 2x = 22) with in vitro oryzalin treatment. Calluses from in vitro-grown shoot tips of both cultivars were treated with oryzalin
at concentrations of 1.5 or 3 mg l−1 for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The oryzalin treatments produced tetraploids at a frequency of 15.6% in ‘Kluai Leb Mu
Nang’ and 16.7% in ‘Kluai Sa’ as detected by flow cytometry. Chromosome counting showed that the tetraploid plant chromosome
number was (2n = 4x = 44). The selected tetraploid plants were transplanted in the field and variations in the morphological characteristic of
leaf shape and fruit bunch compared to normal diploid plants were found under the same growing condition even after 3 years
of cultivation. 相似文献
5.
In a previously made cross Brassica napus cv. Oro (2n = 38) × Capsella bursa-pastoris (2n = 4x = 32), one F1 hybrid with 2n = 38 was totally male sterile. The hybrid contained no complete chromosomes from C. bursa-pastoris, but some specific AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) bands of C. bursa-pastoris were detected. The hybrid was morphologically quite similar to ‘Oro’ except for smaller flowers with rudimentary stamens
but normal pistils, and showed good seed-set after pollination by ‘Oro’ and other B. napus cultivars. The fertility segregation ratios (3:1, 1:1) in its progenies indicated that the male sterility was controlled
by a single recessive gene. In the pollen mother cells of the male sterile hybrid, chromosome pairing and segregation were
normal. Histological sectioning of its anthers showed that the tapetum was multiple layers and was hypertrophic from the stage
of sporogenic cells, and that the tetrads were compressed by the vacuolated and disaggregated tapetum and no mature pollen
grains were formed in anther sacs, thus resulting in male sterility. The possible mechanisms for the production of the male
sterile hybrid and its potential in breeding are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Nicotiana wuttkei Clarkson and Symon discovered in the 1990s in Australia may be of potential interest to breeders as it carries resistance
to Peronospora hyoscyami de Bary. The crossability between N. wuttkei (2n = 4x = 32) and three N. tabacum (2n = 4x = 48) cultivars (‘Puławski 66’, ‘Wiślica’ and ‘TN 90’) and the morphology and cytology of their amphihaploid hybrids (2n = 4x = 40) were studied. Seeds were produced only when N. wuttkei was used as the maternal parent, but under normal germination all seedlings died. Viable F1 hybrids of N. wuttkei × N. tabacum cv. ‘Puławski’ and N. wuttkei × N. tabacum cv. ‘Wiślica’ were obtained only by in vitro cotyledon culture. The amphihaploid plants were intermediate between the parents
for most morphological traits. In 46.4% of the PMC’s, only univalents were present. The remainder of the cells had 1–5 bivalents
and 1–2 trivalents. In spite of a detectable frequency of monads (2.6%), dyads (2.6%) and triads (4.5%), the hybrids were
self and cross sterile. 相似文献
7.
Nadeem Khan Rodrigo Barba-Gonzalez M. S. Ramanna Paul Arens Richard G. F. Visser Jaap M. Van Tuyl 《Euphytica》2010,171(2):157-173
Sexual polyploids were induced in diploid (2n = 2x = 24) interspecific F1 hybrids of Longiflorum × Asiatic (LA) and Oriental × Asiatic (OA) Lilium hybrids by backcrossing to Asiatic (AA) parents as well as by sib-mating of the F1 LA hybrids. A majority of the BC1 progenies
were triploid and the progenies from sib-mating were tetraploid or near tetraploids. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH)
technique was applied to assess the intergenomic recombination in the BC1 populations of LA and OA hybrids obtained after
unilateral sexual polyploidization. A total of 63 LA (LA × AA and AA × LA) and 53 OA hybrids were analysed. LA hybrids were
originated through the functioning of 2n gametes either as 2n eggs or 2n pollen while those of OA hybrids originated through functional 2n pollen of diploid OA genotype. In both type of crosses, a majority of the progenies had originated through First Division
Restitution (FDR) mechanism of functional 2n gamete either with or without a cross over. However, there were nine LA- and four OA-genotypes where Indeterminate Meiotic
Restitution (IMR) was the mechanism of 2n gamete formation. Based on GISH, total amount of introgression of Longiflorum and Oriental genome into Asiatic genome was
determined. Most of the BC progenies exhibited recombination and the amount of recombination was higher in LA hybrids as compared
to OA hybrids. Intergenomic recombination was also determined cytologically in the 16 plants of sib-mated LA hybrids where
both parents had contributed 2n gametes. Based on these results the nature of interspecific lily hybrids obtained from uni- and bilateral sexual polyploidization
leading to allotriploid and allotetraploid formation is discussed in the context of introgression and intergenomic recombination. 相似文献
8.
Cytogenetic characterization by karyotyping and determination of DNA content by flow cytometry of seven cultivated varieties
of Chenopodium was performed. Chenopodium quinoa cultivar Barandales and C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae cultigens Huauzontle, Quelite and Chia roja showed 2n = 4x = 36, x = 9. Statistically insignificant genome size differences for studied varieties ranged from 2.96 pg/2C (1 Cx = 724 Mbp) in C. quinoa to 3.04 pg/2C (1 Cx = 743 Mbp) in Huauzontle. Karyotype analyses revealed the presence of nine groups of four metacentric chromosomes, including
two pairs of chromosomes with satellites. The first pair of satellites was located on the largest pair of chromosomes and
the second on a different pair of chromosomes in all accessions analyzed. Variation among varieties was evident in chromosome
size, genome length (GL) and the position of satellites. Chia roja exhibited greatest GL (58.82 μm) and biggest chromosomes
(2.04 μm). Huauzontle showed the smallest GL (45.02 μm) and shortest chromosomes (1.60 μm). Comparison of GL in studied taxa
was statistically significant and allowed to define three groups according to the use given to these plants. These data indicate
that they are small, very stable genomes in terms of DNA content, and they support the allotetraploid origin(s) of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae and C. quinoa. 相似文献
9.
Angelo Dewitte Tom Eeckhaut Johan Van Huylenbroeck Erik Van Bockstaele 《Euphytica》2010,171(2):283-293
In this study, treatments of both trifluralin (at 10, 100 and 1000 μM) and N2O (in the form of gas under pressure) were applied to Begonia flower buds to induce the formation of 2n pollen. Three male fertile species (B. cucullata, B. subvillosa var. leptotricha and B. fischeri) and two male sterile hybrids (B. schmidtiana × B. cucullata and B. subvillosa var. leptotricha × B. cucullata) were treated. Pollen size, which is related to pollen DNA content, increased after both N2O and trifluralin treatments, but the induction of large pollen was genotype dependent. Trifluralin induced large pollen only
in the male fertile species, while N2O treatments induced fertile 2n pollen in the male sterile B. schmidtiana × B. cucullata. Cytological studies showed that trifluralin induced multinuclear monads that resulted in 4n gametes in stead of 2n gametes.
In general, large pollen obtained after trifluralin treatments showed low germination capability, while large pollen obtained
after N2O treatments retained high germination capability. Seedlings with raised ploidy level could only be obtained after crosses
were performed with large pollen obtained from N2O treatments. Hence, N2O treatments are preferable to the use of trifluralin to induce 2n gametes in Begonia. 相似文献
10.
Many diploid rose species and cultivars possess valuable traits that can be introgressed into modern tetraploid cultivars. Interspecific, interploidy crosses are possible, but triploid hybrids typically have limited fertility, hindering further breeding and selection. Tetraploidizing diploids before mating with tetraploids can alleviate fertility barriers. The efficiency of trifluralin was investigated for polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (2n = 2x = 14) seedlings. Treatments were trifluralin at 0.086% and 0.0086%, colchicine (0.5%), and distilled water and contained 2% dimethyl sulfoxide and a surfactant. Approximately 5 l of the treatment solution was applied to the apical meristem of seedlings (N = 337, 82–85 per treatment) in the process of cotyledon expansion. Guard cell length, pollen diameter, and root tip squashes of rooted cuttings were used to detect polyploidy in meristematic layer (L)I, LII, and LIII, respectively. Trifluralin (0.086%) was the most effective treatment for polyploidization (LI 20.2%, LII 12.9%, LIII 12.9%), followed by trifluralin (0.0086%) (LI 10.6%, LII 7.1%, LIII 4.7%) and colchicine (LI 2.4%, LII 0%, LIII 0%). Polyploidization consistently occurred from LI inward. Polyploids as a group had reduced pollen stainability and a lower leaflet length to width ratio than diploids. In addition, two diploid seedlings were identified which produce 2n pollen. Considerations in selecting germplasm and generating somatically-induced polyploids from seedlings versus clones for use in breeding are discussed. 相似文献
11.
In vitro chromosome doubling during ovule culture of sugar and fodder beets (Beta vulgaris L.) was studied with four anti-microtubule
herbicides: amiprophos-methyl (APM), oryzalin, pronamide, and trifluralin at concentrations of 0–300 μM. Best chromosome doubling
results were obtained by treatment of the ovules with 100 μM APM which produced 4.7 diploid plants per 100 ovules. Highest
chromosome doubling was found with oryzalin using 1 μM, with trifluralin at 10 μM, and with pronamide at 10 μM producing 2.8,
2.0, and 2.0 diploid plants per 100 ovules, respectively. The APM treatments showed relatively low toxicity on embryo formation
which in combination with a high chromosome doubling effect, resulted in up to 89 diploids per 100 plants regenerated. Oryzalin
and trifluralin had more severe toxic effects, which reduced embryo formation, thereby lower percentages of chromosome doubled
plants were obtained from these treatments. Pronamide had no significant toxic effect but it induced chromosome doubling at
lower frequencies. Compared to colchicine, APM seems to be as efficient for chromosome doubling during beet ovule culture,
but at molar concentrations 100 times lower than those used for chromosome doubling with colchicine.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
The aim of this study was to develop an efficient methodology to rescue embryos following interspecific crosses in the genus
Hylocereus. Crosses between the diploids Hylocereus polyrhizus and H. undatus in both directions were performed. Fertilized ovules carrying embryos at very early pro-embryonic stages were excised from
ovaries 5 days after pollination (DAP) and placed on half-strength basal MS medium containing 680 μM glutamine, 0.55 μM α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA), 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) and various concentrations of sucrose. After 30 days in culture, ovules were isolated
from the surrounding tissue and transferred to the same fresh medium. Significant differences were found between the main
effects (cross and sucrose concentration) in ovule response, i.e., increased ovule size and callus formation. The best responses
were obtained in the cross: H. polyrhizus × H. undatus; and sucrose concentration of 0.09 M. In terms of embryo conversion, polyembryony and number of regenerated plants, the highest
responses were observed on the culture medium supplemented with 0.17 M sucrose in both interspecific crosses. All tested plants
were found to be diploid by flow cytometric analyses. Fluorescent amplified—fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) confirmed
the hybrid origin of the regenerated plants. This study reports on the success of a three-step embryo rescue procedure for
Hylocereus species. The procedure developed here provides the means for producing plants from very-early embryo stage, thus expanding
the prospects for vine-cactus breeding programs. 相似文献
13.
In vitro induction of tetraploids in Phlox subulata L. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tetraploid plants of Phlox subulata L. were induced successfully by treating shoot tips in vitro with colchicine. Shoot tips excised from in vitro shoots were
treated with four different concentrations of colchicine (0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04%) in solid MS medium supplemented with 4.54 μM
TDZ and 0.49 μM IBA for 10, 20 or 30 days, respectively. The survival rates of shoots tips were affected by the concentration
of colchicine and the duration of treatment. High concentration and longer duration reduced survival of the shoot tips, but
the effect of duration of colchicine was more than that of concentration. Tetraploid plants were obtained in all of the treatments,
but the percentages of tetraploids varied among different treatments, from 25.0% to 75.0%. The most efficient condition for
inducing tetraploids was to treat shoot tips with 0.005% colchicine for 20 days, with 30.0% survival rate of shoot tips and
6 tetraploid plants out of 10 plants examined. The rooted tetraploid plants were transplanted successfully in a solar greenhouse.
Under the same growing condition, significant varieties in flower bud and flower sizes were detected between 2x and 4x plants. The flower diameters of tetraploid and diploid plants were 2.91 cm and 2.24 cm, respectively. 相似文献
14.
L. K. Bharathi Vinod A. D. Munshi T. K. Behera Shanti-Chandrashekaran J. J. Kattukunnel A. B. Das Vishalnath 《Euphytica》2010,176(1):79-85
Teasle gourd [Momordica subangulata Blume subsp. renigera (G. Don) de Wilde, 2n = 56] exhibits morphological characters found in both M. dioica (2n = 28) and M. cochinchinensis (2n = 28). Morphological analysis of M. subangulata subsp. renigera suggests an allopolyploid origin. We present evidence elucidating the genomic relationships between M. dioica, M. cochinchinensis and M. subangulata subsp. renigera. A triploid M. dioica × M. subangulata subsp. renigera hybrid had an average of 12.76 bivalents, 13.84 univalents and 0.88 trivalents at metaphase I, while the M. cochinchinensis × M. subangulata subsp. renigera hybrid had an average of 13.08 bivalents, 12.96 univalents and 0.96 trivalents. F1 hybrids of the two diploid species (M. dioica × M. cochinchinensis) showed an average of 9.12 bivalents and 9.76 univalents, suggesting that the genomes of these species are only partially
homologous. A higher number of bivalents in the triploid hybrids suggests that M. subangulata subsp. renigera is a segmental allopolyploid of M. dioica and M. cochinchinensis and that its genomes have diverged from the parental genomes. 相似文献
15.
Nadeem Khan Shujun Zhou M. S. Ramanna Paul Arens Jeronimo Herrera Richard G. F. Visser Jaap M. Van Tuyl 《Euphytica》2009,166(3):399-409
Ploidy level and intergenomic recombination was studied in interspecific hybrids between Longiflorum × Asiatic lilies (LA
hybrid) backcross to Asiatic parents in order to assess the possibility for analytic breeding in lily. By backcrossing the
diploid (2n = 2x = 24) F1 interspecific hybrid between Longiflorum × Asiatic lilies to Asiatic parents, 104 BC1 progeny plants were produced.
Among these, there were 27 diploids, 73 triploids (2n = 2x = 36) and 4 aneuploids (2x − 1, 2x + 2 or 2x + 3). In addition, by backcrossing triploid BC1 (LAA) plants to diploid Asiatic parents in 2x − 3x and reciprocal combinations, 14 diploid BC2 progenies were produced. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was performed to
study the intergenomic recombination and karyotype composition. GISH indicated extensive intergenomic recombination among
the chromosomes in LA hybrids. A large number of Longiflorum chromosomes were transmitted to the BC1 progenies from LA hybrids.
However, very few Longiflorum chromosomes were transmitted from the BC1 triploid (LAA) plants to the BC2 progenies. The occurrence
of diploid plants in the BC progenies of LA hybrids has opened the prospects of analytic breeding in lilies. In this approach,
the selection of superior genotypes can be carried out at the diploid level and polyploid forms are synthesized from superior
diploid parents. The advantages of analytic breeding are evident: (a) a maximum level of heterozygosity can be attained in
the synthetic polyploids and (b) introgression can be achieved with a minimum of linkage drag. Based on GISH results the potential
application of analytic breeding in lily allopolyploids has been discussed. 相似文献
16.
Two (di)haploids (2n = 2x = 24) and nine tetraploids (2n = 4x = 48) obtained from Solanum tuberosum through anther culture were characterized for nDNA variation, phenotypic variation and nuclear microsatellite polymorphism.
Androgenic (di)haploids were also characterized for late blight resistance. The (di)haploid C-13 was derived from Indian tetraploid
potato cv. Kufri Chipsona-2, while D4 from TPS (true potato seed) parental line JTH/C-107, which is an interspecific hybrid
between Indian tetraploid cv. Kufri Jyoti and diploid (2n = 2x = 24) cultivated species S. phureja Juz. & Buk. IVP-35. C-13 and D4 (both male-fertile) could be distinguished from their corresponding tetraploid anther donors
based on plant height, shoot number, terminal leaflet length and width, leaf ratio, anther length, pollen diameter and corolla
width and radius. A complete reversal of flower color occurred in D4, and C-13 was highly resistant to late blight. Most interestingly,
about 3–7% increase in nDNA content occurred in most of the anther-derived tetraploids. Both the androgenic (di)haploids and
their anther donors had unique genotypes at the microsatellite loci POTM1-2, STM0015 and STM0019b. However, the nine anther-derived tetraploids shared the same allelic profiles with their anther donor JTH/C-107 at all the
microsatellite loci, except at STM0019a where they were characterized by the absence of a standard donor allele (186-bp). A typical (di)haploid-specific allele was
detected for the locus STWAX-2 where the standard donor alleles were replaced by a 230-bp allele in both C-13 and D4. The over-expression of microsatellite
variation in D4 that also shows triallelic profiles at the microsatellite loci POTM1-2 and STM0015 can perhaps be attributed to its chimeric structure, which might have been formed through incomplete fusion of two different
pro-embryos during the first steps of microspore division. 相似文献
17.
Interspecific hybrids were produced from reciprocal crosses between Brassica napus (2n = 38, AACC) and B. oleracea var. alboglabra (2n = 18, CC) to introgress the zero-erucic acid alleles from B. napus into B. oleracea. The ovule culture embryo rescue technique was applied for production of F1 plants. The effects of silique age, as measured by days after pollination (DAP), and growth condition (temperature) on the
efficiency of this technique was investigated. The greatest numbers of hybrids per pollination were produced under 20°/15°C
(day/night) at 16 DAP for B. oleracea (♀) × B. napus crosses, while under 15°/10°C at 14 DAP for B. napus (♀) × B. oleracea crosses. Application of the ovule culture technique also increased the efficiency of BC1 (F1 × B. oleracea) hybrid production by 10-fold over in vivo seed set. The segregation of erucic acid alleles in the self-pollinated backcross
generation, i.e. in BC1S1 seeds, revealed that the gametes of the F1 and BC1 plants carrying a greater number of A-genome chromosomes were more viable. This resulted in a significantly greater number
of intermediate and a smaller number of high-erucic acid BC1S1 seeds. 相似文献
18.
RAPD analysis of sporting and chimerism in chrysanthemum 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Kirsten Wolff 《Euphytica》1996,88(2):159-164
Summary The potential of colchicine and the microtubule depolymerizing herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin, and amiprophosmethyl (APM) for in vitro chromosome doubling during B. napus microspore culture was studied. Colchicine was administered during the first 6, 12 or 24 h of culture with 8 different concentrations up to 3 mM, and herbicides at 6 different concentrations up to 30 M for 12 h.Treatments with moderate concentrations of colchicine (3–100 M) produced a small increase in embryo production, while concentrations above 300 M were toxic. Colchicine treatment for 12 h resulted in higher embryo production than treatment for 6 and 24 h. Duration of treatment and concentration of colchicine both had a significant effect on the chromosome doubling. The highest diploidization rates (94% diploid regenerants) were seen after 24 h treatment with 1 mM colchicine.All three herbicides were similar to colchicine in terms of their effect on embryo formation and chromosome doubling comparable to the one of colchicine, but at concentrations approximately 100 times lower. APM was less toxic than trifluralin and oryzalin, but no significant difference in chromosome doubling efficiency was detected between the compounds. The 12 h treatment resulted in a maximum of approximately 65% diploid regenerants with all three herbicides, but APM may have an advantage because of its less toxic effects. Prolonged treatment with APM (20–24 h) may produce 95–100% diploid regenerants.Abbreviations APM
amiprophos methyl
- DMSO
dimethyl sulfoxide 相似文献
19.
Interspecific hybridization is an important approach to broaden the genetic base and create novel plant forms in breeding
programs. However, interspecific hybridization in Ipomoea is very difficult due to the cross incompatibility. Here we report two novel interspecific F1 hybrids between I. batatas (L.) Lam. (2n = 6x = 90) and two wild species, I. grandifolia (2n = 2x = 30) and I. purpurea (2n = 2x = 30). Hybridization was stimulated by applying plant growth hormones. Morphological, molecular and cytological tests were
conducted to confirm their hybridity. We found that the two hybrids were quite distinctive in leaf color and morphology, and
yielded intermediate sizes of storage roots compared to their respective parents. Inter-simple sequence repeat analysis showed
that the unique DNA bands from the wild parents could be detected in these two hybrids. The cluster analysis also showed that
the two F1 hybrids were closer to I. batatas in phylogeny relationship. The number of chromosomes of the two hybrids was both 60, indicating that the hybrids were tetraploid.
The meiotic configuration analysis of the H1 of I. batatas × I. grandifolia revealed the occurrence of 17.58I + 14.28II + 1.36III + 2.48IV at metaphase I in average chromosome association per pollen
mother cells (PMCs), 4.26I + 18.32II + 2.56III + 3.12IV was average meiotic configuration in the H2 of I. batatas × I. purpurea. Both hybrids appeared to be polyads and multi-microcytes at tetrad phase and differed in their pollen fertility. 相似文献
20.
Sergio Pietro Ferrante Sergio Lucretti Silvia Reale Alessandro De Patrizio Loredana Abbate Nicasio Tusa Maria-Teresa Scarano 《Euphytica》2010,173(2):223-233
We report the accurate determination of the allelic configurations of a total of eight new citrus tetraploid hybrids by means
of SSR analysis, coupled with capillary electrophoresis, and PCR based dosage effects. Tetraploid hybrids were spontaneously
obtained from different interploid crosses (2x × 4x) between diploid ‘Femminello’ lemon and the allotetraploid somatic hybrid
(2n = 4x = 36) ‘Key’ lime + ‘Valencia’ orange, and between diploid ‘Wilking’ and ‘Fortune’ mandarins and an autotetraploid ‘Dancy’
mandarin (2n = 4x = 36). To understand the opportunity to employ them in further backcross programs, the cytological mechanisms underlying
their ploidy level were unambiguously determined using six SSR primers. PCR conditions were optimized and skewness in template/product
ratios were verified. Tetraploid allelic configurations were determined from PCR based dosage effects using electropherogram
peak heights to estimate the copy number per allele. In all the tetraploid hybrids we found out that diploginy (2n eggs) has occurred, contributing the extra haploid genome in the tetraploids. According to the marker genotypes, it was further
inferred that the 2n eggs in ‘Femminello’ lemon resulted from first division restitution (FDR), while in ‘Wilking’ and ‘Fortune’ mandarins 2n eggs occurred in second division restitution (SDR). These new genotypes, with their improved genetic female background, can
be therefore considered very valuable in our citrus genetic improvement program as pollen donors in backcrosses suitable to
eliminate negative traits. 相似文献