Investigation and Analyses of Building Energy Consumptionof Government Office Buildings in Chongqing Area

This article classifies the buildings by the time before and after energy-saving standard executed, based on the investigation of energy consumption in government office buildings of Chongqing, and analyses the energy distribution characteristics of these buildings, in which factors like the building area、air-conditioning 、management system are taken into account .Finally we acquire the energy consumption characteristics in government office buildings of Chongqing.     

Research on Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency Design for Department Stores in Chongqing

In order to research energy efficiency design of public buildings, the large and medium scale of typical department stores in Chongqing are chosen as objects and twelve stores are investigated about their operational energy. Based on the investigation results, the composition and features of operational energy are analyzed ; it is shown that the short of effective measures in respect of architectural design leads to the high power consumption in department stores. According to the local climate and environment characteristics, this paper puts forward concept of holistic energy efficiency and offers series of design strategies which lead to energy conservation in stores,such asefficiency.regardingclimate as resources and applying appropriate technology to attain energy efficiency.     

An Energy Conservation Correction Method for Energy Efficiency Retrofit of Public Buildings

There exists imperfections of the methods for energy conservation verification of the energy efficiency retrofit projects. A new energy conservation verification method was developed by creating energy conversion correction model and four correction coefficients and three calculation formulas were involved, The four correction coefficients were outdoor weather correction coefficient, indoor environmental correction coefficient, internal load correction coefficient and performance period correction coefficient. The three calculation formulas were heating energy conversion calculation, air-conditioning energy conversion calculation and total energy conversion calculation. The energy conversion correction model was adopted to analysis the energy conservation of an office building located in Tianjin to demonstrate the reliability of the correction model and the feasibility of the verification method, and the corrected energy conversion based on consistent conditions before and after retrofit was obtained. 10.23% difference between the corrected energy conversion and the direct energy conversion exists indicating that the correction energy conversion is necessary. The energy conservation difference of 3.03% the calculation result of energy simulation software verified the accuracy of the new verification method.     

Analyses of Chongqing''s Complex Energy Consumption

This paper and studied the energy economy in the light of the system theory and method. An energy input-output table has been compiled and an energy input-output model has been set up to analyse in a broad sense the energy consumption in Chongqing with a new generalized method.     

Energy Consumption Features for Large scale Public Office Buildings in Greater Guangzhou, P. R. China

The annual energy consumption of representative office buildings in Guangzhou, P. R. China, was surveyed over a three year period. Among the modern office buildings surveyed, two large scale office buildings were chosen to analyze the energy consumption features and monthly energy consumption trends. Based on the actual occupied area calculation, the total annual energy consumption of the two office buildings was 149.3 kWh/m2 and 115 kWh/m2, respectively. The air conditioning energy consumption in two office buildings accounted for 49.2% and 38.5% of the total energy consumption. The research results could be used as energy consumption sub databases or references for large scale public buildings in Guangzhou due to the accurate survey technique and representativeness of the survey objects. In addition, energy consumption in these office buildings was compared with levels described in other studies. Energy saving methods are proposed for buildings located in hot summer/warm winter climate zones.     

Study on Calculation Method of Energy Savings for Public Buildings

According to the principles of various methods and energy consumption characteristics in Chongqing, new method of energy saving calculation is proposed for public buildings. It's shown that building envelope, facilities and energy management play the key role in energy saving reconstruction. Considering the difficulty of measuring adjustment quantity, the calculation should be under some certain prerequisites (design conditions), also the prevailing industry standards can be fully utilized. During the energy saving calculation, another key point is how to reflect the contribution rate of the single technologies for energy saving reconstruction.     

Study on the Energy Consumption of Atrium Buildings

This paper reviews the evolvement of the atrium. In this paper the function of atria in buildings and the thermal performance and climatic factors of atria were described. The factors influencing the energy consumption of atrium buildings were analyzed and some measures for energy saving were presented. By using a computer simulation, the impact of the atrium's physical parameters including atrium proportion, top-glazing area and atrium wall mass on its energy costs was studied.     

重庆城市发展新区村镇住宅建筑用能模型

通过对重庆市城市发展新区村镇住宅建筑能耗的全年调研,得到了重庆城市发展新区村镇居民的用能习惯及村镇建筑的能耗水平。采用分类归纳法,对家用电器测试归纳,并对非用电设施调研估算归纳。基于实测数据和调研估算数据建立了重庆城市发展新区村镇住宅建筑用能模型,并进行验证。结果表明,重庆城市发展新区村镇住宅能源消费形式以电为主,为电+燃气+薪柴+煤+太阳能的混合型结构;村镇居民用能习惯在使用何种能源的选择上存在差异,但对同一种能源的使用差异性不大。实测数据表明,所建立的村镇住宅建筑用能模型能准确反映重庆城市发展新区新村镇住宅建筑用能的实际情况。     

Assessment of Indoor Thermal Comfort for Low Energy Consumption Buildings

A model for indoor thermal comfort assessment was investigated in this paper. By using this model, the indoor thermal comfort of low energy consumption buildingwith buried pipe system was evaluated. The result shows that the buried pipe ventilationcan improve indoor thermal comfort in hot climates.     

Simulation Analysis and Calculation of Energy Consumption in Green Building Design:A Case Study in Chongqing

It is well known that green energy-saving building should be popularized with great effort. But when it comes to practice, a key stage of building design is how to choose energy-saving technology, products and measures for raising energy-saving levels according to a building's own features. In order to solve the problem, we consider simulate energy-consumption analysis as a tool to synthesize the effect of indicators, such as wall insulation, sunshade, lighting, ventilation etc. Then we compare the result with the national standard to make sure that the energy-saving technology, products and measures really work. As a result, the energy conservation measure can be determined and prominent energy-saving effect can be achieved.     

Cluster Analysis of Hourly Usage Ratio of Lighting and Equipments Energy Use in Office Buildings

The hourly usage ratio is very important for lighting and equipment energy predicting of office buildings and energy saving calculation of energy efficient retrofit. 17 office buildings in Chongqing were selected to calculate daily usage ratio by using whole-year electrical consumption data of lighting and equipments energy system. According to the different hourly usage ratio, office buildings have been categorized into two main types by using cluster analysis method. Then, the typical hourly usage ratios of two types of office buildings were calculated.     

Analysis of Building Energy Efficiency Contribution Ratio of Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan"

How much contribution ratio of building energy efficiency for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan" to the target of reducing 20% energy consumption per 10,000RMB GDP was the important problem to promoting building energy efficiency work.It has important significance to make target and measure of building energy efficiency.In this paper,the developing situation of building energy consumption,building energy consumption and energy-saving index for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan" were analyzed and calculated through the statistics data published by statutory bodies and pre-setting work scenarios of energy efficiency for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan".Calculating result confirmed that energy efficiency for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan" payed 15.5% contribution ratio to the target of 20% less energy consumption per 10,000RMB GDP till 2010 compared to 2005.     

Research on Indoor CO2 Density in Chongqing Commercial Buildings

The density of indoor CO 2 is an important value for newly_built commercial buildings. It affects comercial buildings in two aspects, one is the indoor air_quality, the other is the consumption of energy. The aim of design is to keep good indoor air_quality and using little ventilation. The authors measure a typical department store and analyze the measurement. The conclusion as well as the opinion is given, which argues for improving the efficiency of new_wind.     

Energy Performance of New Rural Residential Buildings in Chongqing

The DeST-H, developed by Tsinghua University, was used to analyze the Heating and cooling energy consumption of the typical design project obtained from the General Dwellings Atlas of Chongqing Ba-Yu New Rural Residential. The whole year energy consumption after opting energy-saving measures was simulated by varying the relevant parameters. Meanwhile, the technical and economic performance were analyzed by taking the cost increment into account which was caused by energy-saving measures. Based on the optimization results, the priority design parameters adapted to residential buildings of new rural development in Chongqing are summarized as follows: exterior wall thermal insulation with 30mm EPS board; the external window of the main function room with Low-e film hollow glass or others with ordinary single 6 mm glass; strengthened ventilation at over-season; indoor temperature in summer is set to 28℃, the heating temperature in winter is set to 16℃; building orientation is north-south.     

Effects of Operation Mode of Air Conditioning on Energy Consumption of Heating and Air Conditioning in Residential Buildings

By using the building thermal environment simulation Toolkit DeST to simulation calculation of a residential building in Shanghai,the quantitative relationship between the factors of operation mode of air conditioning affecting the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning in residential buildings has been obtained in this paper,moreover,it has come to a conclusion that the tolerable temperature is superior to control temperature of air conditioning in respect of sensitivity and the living mode of indoor personnel has certain effect on the cold energy consumption.     

A Deliberation in Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

A contradiction existed in "Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone(JGJ-134-2001)" is pointed out through calculations and the contradiction is perfectly solved by means of interrelation principle between window and wall.At the same time the constant form principle of equal thermal resistance in parallel connection between window and wall is advanced to make the controlling indexes for enclosure in buildings satisfy perfectly the requirement for energy efficiency.     

Study on Simulation Method of Heating and Air - conditioning Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings

The heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings is influenced by the behavior of indoor living personnel.On the basis of research and analysis,two kinds of calculation modes reflecting the behavior of indoor living personnel are estimated.Under two kinds of different calculation modes,by using the building thermal environment simulation Toolkit DeST to simulate the energy consumption calculation for certain residential building in Shanghai,and the simulation results are compared with the research results.The influence of calculation mode on heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai is analyzed in this paper.In order to obtain the right simulation calculation method correctly reflecting the energy consumption of residential buildings.This method can be used for analysis and evaluation of heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai,and it can serve as instruction for right energy design of residence building.     

Current Situation and Prospects of Atrium Smoke Management Research

This paper surveys the current situation of atrium smoke management research at home and abroad. Recent research such as the types and configurations of atrium buildings, atrium smoke management system, smoke exhaust system modes and smoke exhaust effectiveness, atrium smoke filling process and its time constant, pre_stratification and detection, air flow for smoke control between the atrium and adjoining space, sprinkler effect are discussed. Regulations of atrium design and some problems in current national code (Code for Fire Protection Design of Tall Buildings GB50045-95) are also discussed and areas of further research are specified.     

The Exterior Point Penalty Function Method In Building Electric Energy Consumption Split Algorithm

Current electrical distribution system for public buildings generally can collect the total energy consumption for a certain unit or a floor only. However, the amount of energy consumption in different kinds can be calculated by splitting, which may realize dynamic, accurate and prompt collections of industrial regulatory information; the sharing of data resources and should be able to provide scientific foundation while the competent department of construction administration are making development plans of construction energy conservation and policies of macroscopic readjustment and control.     

Sustainable Development of Chongqing Energy Industry

The idea of the sustainable development is proposed by analyzing the present Chongqing energy industry. Enumerated some energy technologyies and energy forms, which not only save energy but also reduce enviromental pollution. Some suggestion on the development of Chongqing energy industry is given. The main content is the following:Electricity should be developed first when developing energy industry. The government should exploit and apply the technology of the clean coal, develop equipments generating electricity with gasvapor cycle, and improve actively advanced technology of thermal power joint production and thermal power cooling joint supply. It is also necessary to make full use of natural gas in favour of developing sustainable energy industry and take advantage of three gorges area. Some useful suggestions are given at last.