Cyclic Creep Constitutive Model of Magnesium Alloy at High Temperature

With high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent technological properties, Magnesium Alloy plays a more and more important role in automotive industry. But the inferior high temperature creep resistance limited its application to power components such as engine and transmission cases. In order to investigate the cyclic creep behavior of Magnesium Alloy at high temperature, creep tests of plate specimens AM50 were conducted. Through the analysis about the microstructure and defects of AM50, an isotropic and scalar damage parameter was introduced into an existing creep constitutive model. Furthermore, a Fortran code based on numerical algorithm was developed to simulate plasticity, cyclic creep, and recovery phenomenon observed. Comparisons between calculated results and experimental data show good agreement.     

Review on the Research of High-strength Wrought Magnesium Alloy ZK60

ZK60 magnesium alloy is one of high-strength wrought magnesium alloys. Owing to its high strength and low density, it has nearly the highest strength to density ratio among existing materials. Because its strength approximates to high-strength aluminum alloy 7075, it has promising application future. The history of magnesium alloy ZK60 and researches on its microstructure, mechanical properties, surface treatment, and the effects of alloy elements and microelements are reviewed . Further more, the authors put forward methods to improve its microstructure and mechanical properties and prospected the development future of this alloy in the aspects of surface treatment and application.     

Effect of Yttrium on Morphologies of Precipitation Phases Along Grain Boundary of As-cast ZK60 Magnesium Alloy

Morphologies of precipitation phases along grain boundary of the as-cast Mg-6.0Zn-0.45Zr, Mg-6.0Zn-(1.2Y) and Mg-6.0Zn-0.6Zr-1.0Y alloys are studied by using the methodologies of metallurgical phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis and energy diffraction x-ray(EDX) analysis. The experimental result indicates that the main precipitation phases along grain boundary of the as-cast alloys Mg-6.0Zn-0.45Zr is Mg-Zn binary phase. There are two kinds of precipitation phases along grain boundary for Mg-6.0Zn-1.2Y and Mg-6.0Zn-(0.6)Zr-1.0Y alloys. One grew at triangular grain boundary, which is fish-bone -like and contained Mg-Zn binary phase and Mg-Zn-Y ternary phase. The other distributed mainly around the grain, which is net-like and contained Mg-Zn-Y ternary phase. In addition, there are lots of granular phases, extending to the interior of the grain, at the rim of grain boundary phases. Finally, Y can intensively change morphology of precipitation phases along grain boundary of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Zr alloy (ZK60) alloys.     

Damage Constitutive Relationship of Coupled Plasticity-creep for Magnesium Alloy

Based on a simple mechanical model and an appropriate definition of generalized time,a constitutive equation is obtained for coupled plasticity and creep behavior of materials.A damage evolution based on a spherical void model for mixed hardening materials is obtained by means of Gurson's model.The damage evolution law is embedded in the adopted constitutive equation,and a damage constitutive equation is obtained for coupled plasticity and creep behavior of die-casting magnesium alloy.The response of magnesium alloy subjected to cyclic loads is analyzed.The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by the satisfactory agreement between the experimental and calculated results.     

Numerical Simulation of Eelastoplastic Multi-scales Model for Casting Magnesium Alloy

To realize the transforms of stress and strain and obtain the multi-scale constitutive equation across micro/meso/macro scales.strain-stress curves for magnesium alloy(AM60) and magnesium matrix are carried out with the machine MTS.By means of mixture law,mechanical property of particle is obtained.Based on the character of magnesium alloy structure,the finite element model of unit-cell included complex micro-structures is carried out.Via finite element numerical simulation of magnesium alloy unit-cell,the methodology overcome the limitation of present analytical method.Finally the multi-scale constitutive equation has been used for the analysis of the tensile stress vs. strain curve for magnesium alloy.Results show satisfactory agreement between the stress vs strain curve by the present methodology and the experimental data for AM60.     

Formation Model of Alumina in the Course of Directed Oxidation of Aluminum Magnesium Alloy

By analyzing the characteristics of magnesium volatilization and linear growth kinetic of Al/ Al_2O_(3 )in directed oxidation of Al-Mg alloy, as the formation process of MgO is considered to be the process of which Al_2O_(3)dissolved in the scale MgO and MgO is partially n-type oxide, formation condition of Al_2O_(3)is established easily in the coure of oxidation. Volatilization of magnesium is to promote the growth of p-type MgO in the surface layer and the formation of Al_2O_(3 )in the inner layer of n-type MgO, and to promote the transformation of MgO toMgAl_2O_(4).MgAl_2O_(4)plays an important role in the formation process of Al_2O_(3), growth stress between MgO and MgAl_2O_(4)cause the formation of cavity in the MgAl_2O_(4 )and aluminum alloy melts is easier to transfer to oxidation front by means of this cavity. The transformation velocity ofMgO to MgAl_2O_(4 )depends on growth kinetic of Al_2O_(3),the faster transformation velocity of MgO to MgAl_2O_(4)is main reason that growth kinetic of Al/Al_2O_(3)transformation exhibits linear relationship.     

Numerical Simulation of Elastoplastic Multi-scales Model for Magnesium Alloy Under Tensile Load

In order to investigate the macroscopical mechanical performance of magnesium alloy material containing pore and the mechanism during distorting destructing, an accurate finite element model of magnesium alloy using the multiscales method was developed, and the macroscopic properties of material under the macroscopic tensile load using the developed constitutive model of multi-scales and finite element method was obtained. By analyzing the distortion results of meso-model through the multi-scales method, with macroscopical load increasing, the difference demonstrated on the macroscopic is very small, however, with the increase of the load step, the phenomenon that the ability of plasticity deformation of the meso-models which includes the cuboid pore decreased gradually remarkable and the phenomenon of stress centralized is more severity than the meso-models including cylindrical pore could be obviously observed during the process of deformation on the meso-models.     

Modification Effects of La-Rich Mischmetal and Strontium Metal on A357 Alloy

Opting for desirable modifiers is an important way to obtain coast Al-Si-Mg alloys with both high strength and good toughness properties.Structures,mechanical properties and hydroden contents of as-cast and as-heattreated A357 alloy are investigated by comparing modification effections of lanthanum(La)-rich mischmetal and Strontium (Sr).It is shown from our experiments that modification effections of La-rich mischmetal is better than that of Sr as Fe content in the alloy is lower than 0.11% in the aspects of removal of hydrogen from the alloy,refinement of entectic silicons and improvement of mechanical properties,therefore,La-rich mischmetal is a desirable modifier for Al-Si-Mg alloy.     

Calculation of Properties of Fracture for Magnesium Alloy AM50 and Experimental Certification

The strain-stress curve and the stress intensity factor are carried out using the machine MTS for Magnesium alloy AM50.Energy release rates(G)are evaluated based on the virtual crack closure technique and Griffith potential energy.Based on the relationship between Energy release rate(G)and stress intensity factor(K).And then stress intensity factor(K) is got.Comparison of stress intensity factors(K) of between the calculated values and experimental values is made,showing that they are in good agreement.     

施用农用氢氧化镁对白菜、晚稻产量及土壤镁素的影响

闽清县耕地土壤有78.3%属缺镁水平。为探索施镁肥对农作物增产效果,以农用氢氧化镁为供试肥料,选用本地区种植面积较大、对镁元素敏感的白菜、晚稻两作物进行田间试验,分别按镁肥用量不同设5个水平,氢氧化镁肥全部采用全层基施。结果表明,施用镁肥均不同程度提高了水稻分蘖期与齐穗期叶绿素含量。适宜用量范围内,施用氢氧化镁均提高了白菜、晚稻产量,其中白菜、晚稻分别以氢氧化镁用量225、120kg/hm²增产效果最佳,分别增幅12.7%与9.1%,经济效益分别增效12423.9、1410元/hm²。但晚稻用量超过120kg/hm²,产量显著下降。在最高产量下的施镁肥水平,与CK相比,种植白菜与晚稻田块土壤有效镁分别增加14.3与11.3mg/kg。在土壤有效镁基本相当条件下,晚稻对镁肥较白菜表现敏感,过多反而减产。总之,闽清县在白菜与晚稻上施用氢氧化镁,既增产增收又能提高土壤有效镁的含量,促进耕地养分平衡,但需掌握合理用量。     

Artificial Neural Networks Models for Flow Stress during High Temperature Plastic Deformation of Al-Li Alloy

Using gained experimental data to develop the models of stable flow stresses at high temperature plastic deformation by statistical methods for alloy materials, precision of the models is poor and at the same time the processes of modeling are complicated with great workload. On the basis of the data obtained on Gleeble-1500 Thermal Simulator,the predicting models for the relation between stable flow stress during high temperature plastic deformation and deformation strain, strain rate and temperature for 1420 Al-Li alloy have been developed with BP Artificial Neural Network method. The results show that the model on basis of BPNN is practical and it reflects the real feature of the deforming process. It states that the difference between the real value and the output of the model is in order of 5 percent.     

镁营养对高温强光下烟草碳氮代谢的影响研究

为探究镁营养对高温强光胁迫下烟草碳氮代谢的影响,以烟草‘翠碧一号’为材料,设置4个镁浓度(0、12.0、48.0、120.0 mg/L)与33℃高温下2个光强[600、1200 µmol/(m²·s)]处理,分析不同镁供应浓度和光强处理对烟草植株糖类物质积累、碳氮代谢生理以及钾钙含量的影响。结果表明：（1）镁供应和光强均显著影响烟株地上和地下部的蔗糖和可溶性糖含量,且光强对烟株淀粉含量也有显著影响。强光能使烟株地上和地下部可溶性糖累积,在镁营养为48.0 mg/L时地上部可溶性糖达到最大值。（2）随着镁离子浓度的增加,烟株的蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、酸性转化酶(AI)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和硝酸还原酶(NR)等碳氮代谢关键酶的活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在48.0 mg/L时活性达到最大,且强光处理下活性均高于正常光。镁浓度、光强及镁浓度×光强对烟株地上部NR、AI活性的影响均达1%极显著水平。（3）高温强光促进烟株对钾、钙离子的吸收,但随着镁离子浓度的增加,吸收受到抑制。镁浓度、光强及镁浓度×光强对地下部钾和钙含量的影响均达5%显著水平。适宜的镁营养(48.0 mg/L)增强了烟株碳氮关键酶的活性,促进了碳氮代谢,提高了可溶性糖的积累,从而缓解高温强光对烟株的伤害。