Multi-dimensional Life Cycle Economic Cost Assessment for Super Tall Building Structures

Super-tall building structures have the features of complex structural systems, diverse structural functions, long service life, massive investment and fixed owners. The life-cycle cost of super-tall building structures mainly contains initial cost, maintenance cost, failure cost caused by hazard and demolition cost. In order to achieve the minimization of the life-cycle cost of the super-tall building structure, a multi-dimensional life cycle economic cost assessment method is proposed in this study. The proposed method considers alternative design schemes, structural components and cost items. The overall cost management and optimization will be done at the initial phase of the structural project if this method can be employed. The proposed method is applied to a super tall building to illustrate its effectiveness and applicability.     

Analysis of wind load spectrum of super tall buildings with round section in hilly terrain wind field

In order to get wind load and wind induced response of super tall buildings in hilly terrain wind field, effect of changing of turbulent intensity on wind loads must be known. 4 kinds of turbulent wind field are simulated, and 3 super tall building models with round section of different aspect ratio are manufactured. Effects of turbulent intensity, aspect ratio and layer height on along-wind and across-wind load are discussed. Different models are used in fitting of wind load spectrum on each direction. Parameters of load spectrum models are secondary fitted based on turbulent intensity and aspect ratio. Mathematical models of wind load spectrum of super tall buildings with round section in hilly terrain are preliminarily established. At last, an example is provided. According to vertical profile of mean velocity, turbulent intensity and mathematical model of wind load spectrum, wind induced dynamic response of super tall buildings in hilly terrain and flat terrain are compared.     

Research on the Body Coefficient of Complicated Tall Buildings

Considering the complication of the coefficient of wind-induced vibration for tall buildings,the scale 1:300 model test of Ying Li Building is completed in the second wind tunnel of Beijing University.Based on the calculation and analysis of the test results,the static and dynamic wind pressure acting on the building can be obtained and the value of the coefficient of wind-induced vibration for this tall building can be solved directly,thus a new way is laid for the research of complicated tall buildings.     

Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Office Buildings at Embodied Stage

The building embodied stage is the LCA research focus due to large and intensive CO2 emissions. In order to establish the CO2 emissions calculating model during the embodied stage, CO2 emissions load in the process of building materials, equipments manufacturing, transporting and construction should be included. CO2 emissions during building embodied stage of 78 office buildings were analyzed by this model. On average, the amount of carbon emission during embodied stage is 326.75 kg/m 2. The carbon emission in per unit area increase with the growth of building height and that of super high-rise buildings is 1.5 times as much as multi-story buildings. Carbon emission of civil work accounted for about 75% of the total amount during embodied stage, and the carbon emissions of rebar, concrete, mortar and wall materials accounted for over 80% of the carbon emission of civil work. According to the statistic of prediction model dependent on building story and amount of building materials,the CO2 emissions during building embodied stage could be precisely predicted on basis of the independent variablesincluding concrete and wall materials respectively.     

基于支付意愿法的建筑物化环境影响量化研究

以建筑的物化环境影响分析为出发点,对该过程所消耗的资源、能源及有毒物质所造成的环境影响进行定量研究。论文界定了建筑物化环境影响内涵,根据国际环境毒理和化学学会环境评价体系确定12种环境影响要素,依据BEES（Building for Environment and Economic Sustainability）软件计算出建筑全生命周期的环境影响清单,基于支付意愿理论构建了建筑物化环境影响量化模型,并确定江苏地区各环境影响要素的货币值。最后,计算出江苏省某住宅建筑单位面积上环境影响货币值。     

Experimental Technology on Dynamic Wind Loads on a Tall Building

The wind load is a major load on tall buildings from side directions. It is of considerable necessity to building engineering that the static and dynamic wind load and the dynamic wind response can be achieved accurately. Therefore, the model of a tall building in Chongqing is made and tested in wind tunnel by using the high frequency balance used widely home and abroad at present. The characteristics of wind load are studied. This paper gives the coefficients of base force of the building produced by wind load in different wind directions, and offers reference for wind-resistant design of the building.     

A Transfer Precision Study of Interior Horizontal Coordinates of Oblique Super High Rise Buildings

When staking out super high rise building construction, it is important to analyze the horizontal coordinate precision of the control point of the axis. For coordinate transfer of control points of oblique super high rise buildings with high accuracy and precision, methods combining the electronic tachometer with laser aligner were adopted. The measurement sections were transited by sections many times on the floors. The coordinates of control points of lower floors gradually were transferred to the top floor by relays. We then could use the electronic tachometer to measure the linear distance between the control points of each floor and the control point of the axis, calculate the coordinates of the axis control point, and analyze the precision of the coordinates. Thus, integrated methods of transferring horizontal coordinates of super high rise buildings setting out of axis repeatedly can be taken from the control points to the monitoring points section by section. The precision integrated methods improve the coordinates of the control point of the axis by adopting advanced measurement equipment. We recommend choosing an electronic tachometer with different precision and a laser aligner to analyze the control point error quickly and accurately, provide a complete and systematic method for optimizing the staking out scheme in construction, and guide the staking out work and deformation monitoring work of super high rise buildings or oblique super high rise building construction.     

规模化楼房养猪模式工艺设计及优势探讨

随着非洲猪瘟进入常态化控制阶段,生猪养殖场征地越来越难,而设施农用地建筑高度不能超过两层,不利于生猪养殖企业扩大产能与转型升级。国家首次明确允许楼房养猪,用地面积更少、生物安全性更高,楼房养猪新模式逐渐进入大众视野。结合工程设计实践经验,以尊重猪的生物学特性为出发点,从建设选址、平面、建筑、栏舍等9个角度探讨了工程设计的关键参数。通过楼房养猪工艺设计探讨,结果表明,楼房养猪工艺更精细、更科学,集约化程度更高。楼房养猪具有节约集约用地、生物安全性好、环境质量好、管理效率高诸多优势。本文工艺设计参数为楼房猪场工程建设提供重要理论参考,为楼房养猪产业化发展奠定了理论基础。     

Design Strategies for the Sustainable Improvement of Urban Social Assistance Buildings

Transformation and innovation of assistance model promote the transition of urban social assistance building to multi-functional building. This paper, on the basis of analyzing complexity and peculiarity of urban social assistance building, as well as researches and practices of sustainable improvement of domestic architecture, proposed environmental, social and economic objectives of the sustainable improvement of urban social assistance building, and elaborated design strategies from the perspectives of site selection and its impact on environment, application, evaluation and utilization of ecological technologies, reform of old buildings, flexible internal layout of building and combination of routine use and disaster use design, so as to improve social benefits and social assessment of assistance buildings sustainably, and to balance humanistic concerns and social resource input.     

Application of Containers to Low-Income Housing in Context of New Urbanization

This paper explores how to use container buildings to resolve the housing problem of migrant workers in the context of urbanization, and ascertains the characteristics of the container housing and public space through the analysis of excellent examples of the container recycling project at home and abroad. In terms of the material, economic benefits, environmental protection and industrialization, those characteristics are summarized as follows.(1) Being sturdy, corrosion-resisting, waterproof and insulated, building materials are able to resist bad weather.(2) Their economic results lie in the short constructive cycle so that the cost of reinforced concrete per unit area reduces 20% on year-on-year basis.(3) Their environmental protection rests with the recyclability of materials, less construction waste and less noise in the construction process.(4) Their industrialization is embedded in their modular design and standardized specifications as well as the flexibility and replaceability.     

Research on the Minimum Number of Teeth of Double Involute Gear

To meet the needs of the multi-function and the multi-use of the modern tall buildings, the megastructure systems have been gradually emerged and used in tall buildings in many countries. In this paper, the analytical model and relative analysis method due to vertical seismic action of the megastructure are presented, including the spectrum and time-history analysis. The results of the calculation of an example show that the vertical seismic action on megastructure is remarkable. It reminds us that the vertical seismic action on megastructures can't be neglected in the design of this kind of structures. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the "story model" is not suitable to megastructures in dynamic analysis.     

住宅建筑能耗基准确定及用能评价新方法

针对当前建筑能耗基准确定及用能评价方法仍不完善的现状,提出了一种适用于住宅建筑的新方法。通过灰色关联分析确定了不同影响因素(即特征参数)与建筑能耗的关联度,将关联度作为该因素的权值并结合聚类分析对建筑进行合理分类。在此基础上采用累积频率分布法确定了每类建筑的能耗基准值,并对建筑住户进行用能评价。为验证该方法的可行性,将其应用于日本建筑学会所建立的住宅建筑能耗数据库,为聚类后的每类建筑确定了相应的能耗基准并对住户进行了用能评价。结果表明该方法能够综合考虑不同特征参数的影响大小,科学合理地对建筑细化分类,根据分类后的基准评价能够更好地评估住户的节能潜力并提供可行的节能建议。     

Reducing the Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption of Buildings

Abstract:This research aims at proposing measures to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings in the city of Guiyang. A computer simulation study was conducted on the basis of a building model using the DeST software package. The indoor temperature and year round heating and cooling loads were simulated. From analysis of the simulation results and taking into account the climate of Guiyang, three measures for energy efficient buildings in Guiyang are proposed. 1) Heating is a greater priority than cooling in comfortable air conditioning system design; 2) Natural ventilation should be given priority in cooling design and adjustment during seasonal transition is important to reducing energy consumption in building cooling; 3) Insulating the building envelope and lowering the glazing ratio of walls are critical for reducing energy consumption in heating buildings. Our conclusions will be useful for guiding energy efficient building design not only in Guiyang but also in mild climatic areas of P. R. China.     

Energy-Saving Effect of Discolored Decorative Boards in Flexible Interior Space

Green,energy conservation and environmental protection have increasingly become the theme of the sustained and healthy development of cities against the background of new urbanization,which indicates that the problem of building energy consumption has received growing attention.This paper explores the impact of energy-saving decorations in flexible interior space on energy-saving effect of buildings so as to broaden the horizon of energy conservation in building,thereby alleviating the problem of energy shortage in China.     

Building Energy Efficiency Design Procedure Based on Digital Technology

Abstract:Digital design technology is crucial for building energy efficiency design, while the key of building energy efficiency design is to analyze the entire design process, dynamic balance and energy cost. Through the application of digital technology in architectural design during its earlier phases, we can analyze such factors as local climate and terrain, create a "virtual building", simulate its actual condition, and conduct a scientific quantitative analysis of the key problems in architectural design. These actions will optimize the proposed design in a timely manner and achieve energy efficient design under the guidance of scientific analysis. Meanwhile, by exploring energy efficiency design procedure based on digital technology, we can adapt to a higher standard of energy efficient design in our new times.     

南方建筑非透明围护结构热工与节能设计

如何兼顾冬夏两季建筑供暖空调负荷和能耗,保证室内热环境质量,确定最适宜的热工特性,是长期困扰中国南方建筑围护结构热工与节能设计的难点。通过对夏热冬冷和夏热冬暖地区建筑在采暖、空调与自然通风条件下动态热过程的分析,研究了这一地区围护结构热特性与能耗的制约关系,以及对室内热环境与建筑热稳定性的作用机理。在兼顾冬季保温与夏季隔热的情况下,将建筑全年能耗作为控制目标,从室内热环境质量、节能效果、围护结构的安全性、可靠性、经济性和实用性等角度评价目前所采用的围护结构节能技术存在的问题,提出一种适宜南方气候的建筑围护结构热特性指标及构造形式。     

Thermal Performance Optimization of Solar Heating Building Envelope in Tibet of China

Solar heating system is a promising sustainable energy source for buildings. Simulation models using EnergyPlus and TRNSYS were used to optimize the solar heating building enclose thermal insulation. The sensitive analysis of active solar heating system design parameters and energy consumption was conducted to study the influence of building envelope thermal performance on the active solar heating system. The two object functions, investing cost and lift time cost, were used to optimize the building envelope insulation. The results show that not only the energy consumption can be reduced by increasing the building envelope thermal performance, but also can minimize the investing cost.     

Eco-sustainability Assessment of Building Projects Based on Eco-footprint

The life-cycle eco-footprint computing model of building projects was established in the study. It contained the eco-footprint in 4 aspects during the lifecycle: consumed energy, consumed resource, emitted carbon dioxide and produced solid waste. Space efficiency of life-cycle eco-footprint index was proposed and used to assess the eco-sustainability of building projects. Then, the eco-footprint and ecosustainability of 4 different structure types(brick-concrete bungalow, multi-storey brick-concrete, multistorey steel-concrete, high-rise steel-concrete) for residential building in severely cold areas were investigated. The results indicated that: 1) Compared with bungalow, high-rise building with relatively smaller shape coefficient and window-wall ratio had higher eco-sustainability; 2) For the buildings with the same storey, shape coefficient and window-wall ratio, steel-concrete building had higher eco-sustainability than brickconcrete building; 3) High-rise steel-concrete structure had the greatest eco-sustainability during the 4 different bui lding structures, so it was more suitable to promote.     

Energy efficiency analysis on intermittent operation based on life cycle cost in the vertical ground source heat pump system

Intermittent operation can affect the heat exchange performance of the vertical ground source heat pump system, thereby affecting life cycle cost (LCC) of the ground source heat pump system. The simulation analysis on the hourly load of an office building is implemented by using the DeST software.The heat exchange model of vertical ground heat exchanger pipe-group and energy consumption model of per part of heat pump system are established. Through the comparison between calculation results of continuous operation for 15 years and calculation results of intermittent operation 15 years of the heat pump system, it can be concluded that the LCC value of intermittent operation decreased by 13.45%,relative to the LCC value of continuous operation, and the average energy saving rate of intermittent operation mode is 17.20% in the entire life cycle. Intermittent operation mode can effectively improve energy efficiency of the ground source heat pump system and reduce the LCC value.     

Application of Modern Bamboo Buildings

Bamboo is an environment-friendly natural materials, and modern bamboo structure has been widely applied in various building types abroad. This paper analyzed characteristics of bamboo buildings, introduced research progress and application of overseas bamboo buildings, and proposed that current application of modern bamboo structure in China should focus on disaster-relief buildings, and buildings for both peacetime and post-disaster reconstruction.