Seismic Damage Analysis and Disaster Mitigation Approaches for Urban Gas Piping Systems

Based on the analysis of seismic damage effect and induced secondary disasters on urban gas piping systems, the seismic damage characteristics and influencing factors were discussed, such as seismic intensity, geologic conditions and piping system characteristics. Moreover a series of earthquake disaster mitigation approaches were proposed for urban gas piping system, including:(a)aseismatic design of urban gas facilities; (b)erosion monitoring and replacement of old pipelines;(c)automatic gas shut off system and district gas supply; (d) gas supply recovery after fault finding and treatment of damage pipelines; (e)establishment of real time seismic data acquisition and rapid pipeline damage estimation system; (f)establishment of emergency response management system; (g)establishment of urban gas network seismic disaster risk assessment and simulation system.     

Pressure-Dependent Analysis of Water Supply Network Damaged by Earthquake Based on Emitter Model

When the water supply network suffered earthquake damages, pipeline leaks and bursts may occur. In the period in post-earthquake emergency rescue and repair, the network is supplying water with additional outflow of damages (leaks and breaks), which result in pressure deficient. According to the frictional head loss along the break pipeline, a model with additional emitter at the endpoint of the disconnect pipeline was proposed to simulate the break, which simplifies the modeling of breaks. The pressure-dependent demand relationship was adopted in the process of pressure-deficient hydraulic simulation to avoid node negative pressure. Meanwhile a backtracking and line search procedure was utilized to control the iteration step of pipeline network nonlinear equations, which ensure the global convergence of the hydraulic simulation. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by a case study.     

城市防灾避险绿地系统的构建

城市防灾避险绿地系统构建是城市绿地系统规划的重要内容。宏观上要在城乡总体规划的框架内,在城市抗震防灾等规划的指导下,构建与城市绿地系统规划空间层次相互衔接、逐级控制的防灾避险绿地规划体系;中观上要根据避险时序及空间关系等要素,对避险绿地、绿色疏散通道、隔离缓冲绿带等各级防灾避险绿地进行定量定位的合理布局;微观上要对每一块避险绿地、绿色疏散通道、隔离缓冲绿带进行深入与细化设计,共同构筑结构合理、层次清晰、分布均衡的城市防灾避险绿地体系。     

Discussion on Some Problems Concerning the Building Hot Water Supply System

The problems concerning the patterns of hot water supply and heating equipment, hot water storage equipment volume, water quality and pipe material were studied in this paper. Then, on this basis, the solution for optimizing building hot water supply system was proposed.     

An Elementary Introduction to Development of Water Supply Networks Technical Administration Files

Through analyzing the present conditions of technical administration files for water supply networks, this paper points out the significance and urgency for exploiting advanced information system for water supply networks. It also gives some suggestions for the exploitation of the system.     

Analysis of Urban Reconstruction Based on Game Theory

The management of urban reconstruction is a process of game between the government and developers.It is helpful that the interest and its equilibrium for the relative parties involved in the reconstruction process are considered during the formation of government policy.This paper analyzes the environment for the policy constitution and establishes a model for strategy making based on the game theory.This model provides a basic foundation to improve the management ability of the government in the reconstruction process.Finally,in this paper some strategic issues are suggested to cope with the challenges from urban reconstruction in China.     

Water Supply Sources and Mode of Water Supply System for Small Towns in China

A number of problems exist in water supply to Chinese small towns. Among them, the most significant problems are the scarcity of water source and irregularity of water supply system construction. Criteria for routine water sources are established based on the analysis of present characteristics and problems of water supplying in different areas in China, recommending that water source with onsite characteristics and non-traditional features act as water supply sources or backup sources. Karst water, rainwater catchment utilization, and municipal wastewater reuse are singled out as promising ways for water supply in the future. Then different water supply systems are classified for various types of towns to employ. Finally, framework for regional water supply is advised strongly for the three types of small towns with the consideration of respective economic level. Thus, feasible, stable, effective and cost-saving water supply systems are setting up for decision making.     

基于煤矿区多目标复垦的水资源平衡分析研究

煤矿区多目标复垦模式是提高复垦综合效益的有效途径,但除新增耕地灌溉需水外,还需要解决水资源多目标供需平衡问题。笔者采用动态规划法（DP）,对煤矿区多目标复垦的水资源供需平衡分析进行了研究;笔者以徐州九里矿区多目标复垦水资源供需平衡分析为例,通过建立目标函数,按照逆序法从末阶段开始对各个单阶段优化问题依次求解,得到需水和供水间的最优决策方案;该方法解决了多目标复垦的水资源供需平衡和效益最大化问题,有效推进了煤矿区多目标复垦的进行。     

Analysis of the Medium Pressure Range in Urban Gas Transmission and Distribution System

According to the analysis of technology and economy about the gas supply with the medium pressure in gas pipeline network of urban gas transmission and distribution system,a more economical and feasible pressure value is obtained.     

Prediction and Analyses of Residual Chlorine Based on Support Vector Regression in Urban Water Distribution System

Support vector regression(SVR) algorithm is an application of structural risk minimization principle in function regression.In this paper,a residual chlorine prediction model based on SVR is established by using the data of manual sampling residual chlorine of water distribution system in a certain city in the north of China.SVR model is compared with the artificial neural network and multivariate linear regression.The result shows that SVR model has better generalization ability for small samples,the predicted average relative error of all monitoring points is 1.80%~8.73%,and can achieve unique and globally optimal solutions.It is practical and can solve the problem for small samples of residual chlorine when the fit precision of model is good but the predicted effect is worse.     

深圳城市绿地土壤孔隙状况与水分特征研究

为了了解深受人为活动强烈影响的城市绿地的土壤物理特性,为充分发挥其增进植物生长、涵养水源和保护城市生态环境等功能提供管理依据,以深圳城市绿地土壤为研究对象,调查分析了土壤容重、孔隙状况、土壤水分常数和水分入渗特征等物理特性。结果表明：深圳城市绿地土壤的容重较高,平均值为1.56 g/cm3。土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、通气孔隙度较小,平均值分别为41.06%、39.78%、1.27%。土壤水分入渗率变幅很大,土壤初始入渗率为0~8.47 mm/min,稳定入渗率为0~5.90 mm/min。城市公园绿地、道路绿地土壤的容重显著高于城郊菜地土壤,而土壤孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量显著低于城郊菜地土壤;表层0~10 cm的土壤容重、最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量显著低于10~20 cm土壤,土壤孔隙度显著高于10~20 cm土壤。城市绿地土壤容重与孔隙度、田间持水量、最大持水量、初始入渗率及稳定入渗率均呈显著的负相关。     

Study of Information System of Urban Planning Based on Three Dimensions Geographical Information System Technolo

The 3D urban planning information system has been the focus topic in urban palnning management. In this paper,the related development of 3D urban planning is reviewed and the development object,data acquisition, system application level and three important characters of 3D urban planning information system have been also discussed. Thus, a system framework iseatablished. Finally,several primary problems are put forward and thought to be resolved to improve the practicability of 3D urban planning information system over large scale.     

Study on the Integration Framework of Urban Planning Information System Based on Web Services

Web Services is a service-oriented structure and which is really platform-independent and language-independent.In this paper, its system and key technology are analyzed,then aiming at the main problems in information sharing of urban planning information system(UPIS),a UPIS integration framework based on the Web Services is proposed and its principle is studied.Furthermore,an example with realization of UPIS system by ASP.NET in Visual Studio.NET is given.     

Investigation of Cold Water System in Dry Fan-coil Unit

A study was carried out for the appropriate pattern of cold water system and the problems with which should be concerned in dry fan-coil unit air conditioning system. The methods of how to determine the supply water temperature of fan-coil unit and the cold water flow rate were also discussed.     

合肥市绿地土壤水分入渗性能研究

为探明影响城市绿地土壤水分入渗性能的限制因子,提高城市绿地在雨水径流调蓄中的作用,采用双环入渗法研究了合肥居民区、公园、道路绿化带（市政绿地）和文教区（校园）等不同类型绿地的土壤水分入渗特征及其与质地、容重和空隙度等土壤物理性质之间的关系。结果表明：合肥市不同功能区绿地土壤入渗速率在0~40 min内下降较快,90~100 min后趋于平缓。土壤水分平均入渗速率呈现：公园绿地(2.42×10-5 m/s)>市政绿地(2.10×10-5 m/s)>小区绿地(0.62×10-5 m/s)>校园绿地(0.56×10-5 m/s)的规律。土壤稳定入渗率属于快和较快级别的占21.1%,中等及较慢等级的占78.9%。合肥市绿地土壤黏粒平均含量在37.6%~44.7%之间;土壤容重在1.22~1.68 g/cm3之间,均值均大于1.40 g/cm3;绿地土壤通气孔隙度在9.21%~17.6%之间,其中小区绿地(14.1%)＞市政绿地(13.9%)＞公园绿地(13.7%)＞校园绿地(11.3%)。研究结果为合肥市城区绿地土壤消减城市面源污染设计提供科学依据。     

Problems and Countermeasures of Water Supply System in Small Towns

Water supply in small towns is one of the important components of the small towns' economy and society development.Based on the actual condition of water supply system,this paper analyzes the problems existed in water supply system of small towns,such as gradually polluted sources,imperfect water supply facilities,smaller scales,unreasonable quantity and so on.In addition,the corresponding measures are put forward to guarantee water supply system develop speed in small towns.Those countermeasures are launching sources protection work to guarantee the drinking water safety according to the character of the small town,then adopts reasonable water supply style,chooses economy water processing method,optimizes water network system construction;selects reasonable quantity consumption quota,and carries out gradually the regional water supply mode in conditional small towns.     

Analysis on Limitation of Present Urban Planning in China

In urban design, only by continuous and dynamic research work from design to finally putting it into practice, can we made good control on city appearance. This article analyzes nowadays defects in our urban design from two aspects as the result establishment and validated control, and tries to conceive a feasibility plan to solve the problem.     

Maximum Displacement Estimation of Seismic Structures Based on Hysteresis Energy

Based on characteristics of hysteretic energy of structures which are simplified single freedom degree systems and under the short duration impulse modle mid duration and long duration modle earthquakes, correlation between the maximum hysteretic energy increment per cycle and the maximum inelastic displacement of different structures is investigated. Simplified equations to estimate the maximum inelastic displacement are obtained. The validity of the equation is recognized. It is pointed out that the impact destroy of the structures may occur when energy increment per cycleis 50 80 percent of total hysteretic energy, and the maximum hysteretic energy increment per cycle, and that the maximum inelastic displacement can be used to evaluate aseismic capacity.If energy increment per cycleis small relative to total hysteretic energy, the destroy of the structures by cumulate dissipation energy may occur, and the total hysteretic energy can be used to evaluate aseismic capacity.     

城市碳循环系统机制解析与核算研究进展

城市作为人类活动最为密集的区域,城市系统的碳排放受到城市能源消费、工业生产等人类活动的深刻影响,开展城市碳循环系统机制解析与核算方法研究对于陆地生态系统的碳循环研究及全球气候变化研究意义重大。本文通过对国内外相关研究成果整理和分析,从城市外部碳循环系统和城市内部自然、社会碳循环系统的结构特征入手,对城市碳循环系统结构进行了解析;在此基础上,进一步分析了城市碳核算的核算边界和核算因子,明确了城市碳核算的主要内容;最后对城市碳核算的主要方法进行了归纳总结和对比分析,旨在为城市碳核算的研究和实践提供借鉴和参考。     

北京都市型现代农业标准化体系建设研究

农业标准化是现代农业的重要内容和显著标志之一,首都农业发展到都市型现代农业的新阶段,需要建立能促进其快速发展的农业标准体系。应围绕首都农业产业融合化、特色化、多功能性、国际化的特点,建立具有北京都市型现代农业特色的标准化体系,最终实现经济、社会、生态效益最大化。