Analyses of Current Situation of Energy Management in LargePublic Buildings of Chongqing

This study doing statistics of energy consumption and energy auditing of state organs buildings and large public building in Chongqing, then according to the buildings use function classification, analysis problems in energy management and give advices, provides theoretical foundation for establishing state organs buildings and large public building energy-saving system and improving level of building energy-saving management.     

Energy Consumption Features for Large scale Public Office Buildings in Greater Guangzhou, P. R. China

The annual energy consumption of representative office buildings in Guangzhou, P. R. China, was surveyed over a three year period. Among the modern office buildings surveyed, two large scale office buildings were chosen to analyze the energy consumption features and monthly energy consumption trends. Based on the actual occupied area calculation, the total annual energy consumption of the two office buildings was 149.3 kWh/m2 and 115 kWh/m2, respectively. The air conditioning energy consumption in two office buildings accounted for 49.2% and 38.5% of the total energy consumption. The research results could be used as energy consumption sub databases or references for large scale public buildings in Guangzhou due to the accurate survey technique and representativeness of the survey objects. In addition, energy consumption in these office buildings was compared with levels described in other studies. Energy saving methods are proposed for buildings located in hot summer/warm winter climate zones.     

Cluster Analysis of Hourly Usage Ratio of Lighting and Equipments Energy Use in Office Buildings

The hourly usage ratio is very important for lighting and equipment energy predicting of office buildings and energy saving calculation of energy efficient retrofit. 17 office buildings in Chongqing were selected to calculate daily usage ratio by using whole-year electrical consumption data of lighting and equipments energy system. According to the different hourly usage ratio, office buildings have been categorized into two main types by using cluster analysis method. Then, the typical hourly usage ratios of two types of office buildings were calculated.     

Research on Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency Design for Department Stores in Chongqing

In order to research energy efficiency design of public buildings, the large and medium scale of typical department stores in Chongqing are chosen as objects and twelve stores are investigated about their operational energy. Based on the investigation results, the composition and features of operational energy are analyzed ; it is shown that the short of effective measures in respect of architectural design leads to the high power consumption in department stores. According to the local climate and environment characteristics, this paper puts forward concept of holistic energy efficiency and offers series of design strategies which lead to energy conservation in stores,such asefficiency.regardingclimate as resources and applying appropriate technology to attain energy efficiency.     

An Energy Conservation Correction Method for Energy Efficiency Retrofit of Public Buildings

There exists imperfections of the methods for energy conservation verification of the energy efficiency retrofit projects. A new energy conservation verification method was developed by creating energy conversion correction model and four correction coefficients and three calculation formulas were involved, The four correction coefficients were outdoor weather correction coefficient, indoor environmental correction coefficient, internal load correction coefficient and performance period correction coefficient. The three calculation formulas were heating energy conversion calculation, air-conditioning energy conversion calculation and total energy conversion calculation. The energy conversion correction model was adopted to analysis the energy conservation of an office building located in Tianjin to demonstrate the reliability of the correction model and the feasibility of the verification method, and the corrected energy conversion based on consistent conditions before and after retrofit was obtained. 10.23% difference between the corrected energy conversion and the direct energy conversion exists indicating that the correction energy conversion is necessary. The energy conservation difference of 3.03% the calculation result of energy simulation software verified the accuracy of the new verification method.     

Analysis of Building Energy Efficiency Contribution Ratio of Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan"

How much contribution ratio of building energy efficiency for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan" to the target of reducing 20% energy consumption per 10,000RMB GDP was the important problem to promoting building energy efficiency work.It has important significance to make target and measure of building energy efficiency.In this paper,the developing situation of building energy consumption,building energy consumption and energy-saving index for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan" were analyzed and calculated through the statistics data published by statutory bodies and pre-setting work scenarios of energy efficiency for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan".Calculating result confirmed that energy efficiency for Chongqing in "11th Five-Year Plan" payed 15.5% contribution ratio to the target of 20% less energy consumption per 10,000RMB GDP till 2010 compared to 2005.     

Analyses of Chongqing''s Complex Energy Consumption

This paper and studied the energy economy in the light of the system theory and method. An energy input-output table has been compiled and an energy input-output model has been set up to analyse in a broad sense the energy consumption in Chongqing with a new generalized method.     

Simulation Analysis and Calculation of Energy Consumption in Green Building Design:A Case Study in Chongqing

It is well known that green energy-saving building should be popularized with great effort. But when it comes to practice, a key stage of building design is how to choose energy-saving technology, products and measures for raising energy-saving levels according to a building's own features. In order to solve the problem, we consider simulate energy-consumption analysis as a tool to synthesize the effect of indicators, such as wall insulation, sunshade, lighting, ventilation etc. Then we compare the result with the national standard to make sure that the energy-saving technology, products and measures really work. As a result, the energy conservation measure can be determined and prominent energy-saving effect can be achieved.     

Study on Calculation Method of Energy Savings for Public Buildings

According to the principles of various methods and energy consumption characteristics in Chongqing, new method of energy saving calculation is proposed for public buildings. It's shown that building envelope, facilities and energy management play the key role in energy saving reconstruction. Considering the difficulty of measuring adjustment quantity, the calculation should be under some certain prerequisites (design conditions), also the prevailing industry standards can be fully utilized. During the energy saving calculation, another key point is how to reflect the contribution rate of the single technologies for energy saving reconstruction.     

Investigation and Analysis on the Factors Related toDesign Cooling Load for AC_ing Office Building

Combined with some engineering experiences,this paper primarily estabishes computer calculating models of simulating building thermal process and load estimation index,with orthogonal testing ways and square error analysis,and lays a foundation for researching the air_conditioning load property of office building by way of all_sidely investigating and analysing numerous factors of the building air_conditioning cooling load.Some experimental formulas are given finally.     

Study on the Energy Consumption of Atrium Buildings

This paper reviews the evolvement of the atrium. In this paper the function of atria in buildings and the thermal performance and climatic factors of atria were described. The factors influencing the energy consumption of atrium buildings were analyzed and some measures for energy saving were presented. By using a computer simulation, the impact of the atrium's physical parameters including atrium proportion, top-glazing area and atrium wall mass on its energy costs was studied.     

Assessment of Indoor Thermal Comfort for Low Energy Consumption Buildings

A model for indoor thermal comfort assessment was investigated in this paper. By using this model, the indoor thermal comfort of low energy consumption buildingwith buried pipe system was evaluated. The result shows that the buried pipe ventilationcan improve indoor thermal comfort in hot climates.     

重庆城市发展新区村镇住宅建筑用能模型

通过对重庆市城市发展新区村镇住宅建筑能耗的全年调研,得到了重庆城市发展新区村镇居民的用能习惯及村镇建筑的能耗水平。采用分类归纳法,对家用电器测试归纳,并对非用电设施调研估算归纳。基于实测数据和调研估算数据建立了重庆城市发展新区村镇住宅建筑用能模型,并进行验证。结果表明,重庆城市发展新区村镇住宅能源消费形式以电为主,为电+燃气+薪柴+煤+太阳能的混合型结构;村镇居民用能习惯在使用何种能源的选择上存在差异,但对同一种能源的使用差异性不大。实测数据表明,所建立的村镇住宅建筑用能模型能准确反映重庆城市发展新区新村镇住宅建筑用能的实际情况。     

中国热带和亚热带地区能源草资源调查与初步筛选

按照“草本,高大,多年生,丛生性好,适应性较强,热带或（和）亚热带分布”的自拟标准,通过查阅文献和植物标本,初步筛选出64种纤维素质能源草,隶属于8科31属。在对它们的野外调查中,观察到拥有1000 m2以上自然种群且植株高度超过1.5 m的只有芒、五节芒、斑茅、南荻、河八王、象草、甜根子草、芦竹、芦苇、光高梁、龙须草和拟高粱等12种。对这12种能源草进行了引种栽培研究,其中河八王、甜根子草、芦苇和龙须草长势一般,其他8种长势良好,可作为进一步筛选研究的对象。     

Computer Aided Analysis Tool for Building Energy Efficiency in Conceptual Design Stage

Conceptual design is one of the most important stages in building design, and energy efficiency analysis is one of the key issues in building conceptual design stage. The existing energy efficiency analysis methods and tools require inputing large number of parameters. However, the detail information of most parameters is not identified at the stage of conceptual design. And the current prevailing energy consumption simulation methods and tools are not appropriate at the stage of conceptual design. The proposed method can be used to compare the energy efficiency of multi strategies at the conceptual design phase. Minimum data were required to be input for achieving the optimal building design scheme. The method can provide a solution to the gap between the rapid building design cycle and the sustainable development demand in China.     

Capillary Floor Radiant Heating System of Rural Residential Building in Chongqing

The indoor environment in this zone, not officially assigned as a traditional heating zone, is cold and humid with poor thermal comfort in winter. Investments and surveys the status of heat consumers in rural residential buildings in Chongqing, intending     

Effects of Operation Mode of Air Conditioning on Energy Consumption of Heating and Air Conditioning in Residential Buildings

By using the building thermal environment simulation Toolkit DeST to simulation calculation of a residential building in Shanghai,the quantitative relationship between the factors of operation mode of air conditioning affecting the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning in residential buildings has been obtained in this paper,moreover,it has come to a conclusion that the tolerable temperature is superior to control temperature of air conditioning in respect of sensitivity and the living mode of indoor personnel has certain effect on the cold energy consumption.     

Study on Simulation Method of Heating and Air - conditioning Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings

The heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings is influenced by the behavior of indoor living personnel.On the basis of research and analysis,two kinds of calculation modes reflecting the behavior of indoor living personnel are estimated.Under two kinds of different calculation modes,by using the building thermal environment simulation Toolkit DeST to simulate the energy consumption calculation for certain residential building in Shanghai,and the simulation results are compared with the research results.The influence of calculation mode on heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai is analyzed in this paper.In order to obtain the right simulation calculation method correctly reflecting the energy consumption of residential buildings.This method can be used for analysis and evaluation of heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai,and it can serve as instruction for right energy design of residence building.     

Improvement of Method in BIN Building Energy Consumption Calculation

The proportion of radiation load through glass windows in building energy analysis is comparatively great;it is regarded as linear relation with temperature in BIN method,which is extremely a rough method.It is not only because the relation between such radiation load and temperature is far from linear relationship,but also there is lack of objective standard for the selection of corresponding representative temperature to the load.To solve this problem,calculating the maximum factor D_(J max) firstly,then get the hourly corresponding relation of load and temperature by multiplying the hourly cool load coefficient.The practical relation of load and temperature could be obtained by counting up the average load to each temperature at each direction;the load calculation method is still simple using a series of statistic data.A comparison has been made between this method and the former one.As it is the real reflection of relation between the temperature and load,the precision of load calculation is enhanced.The process using this method to calculate load for south facing window in Chengdu is given in this paper.