不同有机肥对大棚草莓产量和品质效应的影响

研究了EM生物菌剂处理的不同有机肥对大棚草莓产量、营养品质和安全品质的影响。试验结果表明:在不施用化学肥料的条件下,微生物菌剂处理的有机肥能明显提高草莓的产量和品质。EM生物菌剂处理鸡粪肥料的增产效果最显著,与普通农家肥相比较增产20.52%;同时草莓的株高、株幅、单株总叶面积明显增大,Vc、可溶性糖的含量明显提高,酸度明显降低,同时降低了硝酸盐含量。     

不同有机肥对大棚辣椒产量和品质效应的影响

研究了EM生物菌剂处理的不同有机肥对大棚辣椒产量、营养品质和安全品质的影响。试验结果表明:在不施用化学肥料的条件下,EM生物菌剂处理的有机肥能显著提高辣椒的产量和品质。EM生物菌剂处理鸡粪的增产效果最显著,同时辣椒Vc、氨基酸的含量也明显提高,降低了硝酸盐含量,比普通农家肥增产71.14%;其次是EM生物菌剂处理羊粪比普通农家肥增产53.63%;再次是EM生物菌剂处理猪粪比普通农家肥增产24.79%。     

EM微生物菌剂不同施用方法对大棚辣椒产量和品质的影响

研究了EM微生物菌剂不同施用方法对大棚辣椒产量、营养品质和安全品质的影响。研究结果表明,EM微生物菌剂不同施用方法对辣椒生长与结果的影响效果差异显著,以EM微生物菌剂发酵处理有机肥的施用方法增产效果最显著,辣椒VC、氨基酸含量明显提高,硝酸盐含量降低,分别比EM微生物菌剂土壤灌施、叶面喷施和不施用EM微生物菌剂增产19.44%、44.05%和71.14%;其次是EM微生物菌剂土壤灌施,分别比叶面喷施和不施用EM微生物菌剂增产9.07%和20.60%;叶面喷施效果不明显。     

有机肥和无机肥配施对小白菜生长和硝酸盐积累的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了有机肥与无机肥配施对小白菜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:施用有机肥以及有机无机肥料配施能获得与施用化学肥料更高或持平的单株产量;与单施化学肥料相比,施用有机肥以及有机无机肥料配施小白菜硝酸盐降低了36.4%～67.6%,增加了小白菜可溶性蛋白质、Vc及可溶性糖含量,提高了品质.     

不同有机肥配施对温室白皮黄瓜产量和品质的影响

研究了微生物菌剂处理后的不同有机肥配施对温室白皮黄瓜产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,在温室白皮黄瓜栽培中,配施微生物菌剂处理的不同有机肥能明显提高白皮黄瓜的产量和品质。在相同条件下,微生物菌剂处理猪粪60%+羊粪20%+鸡粪20%处理产量最高、品质最好,比施用单一有机肥增产28.73%~67.60%,维生素C含量增加24.9~32.3 mg/kg,硝酸盐含量降低40.6~50.0 mg/kg。     

有机肥与化肥配施对大棚叶菜产量及品质的影响

为探索有机肥与化肥配施对咸阳市设施大棚3种叶菜产量和品质的影响,以小白菜、菠菜和生菜为供试材料展开研究,通过综合的数据分析,得出3种叶菜在生产中有机肥与化肥最佳比例。结果表明:有机肥与无机肥配合施用对小白菜、菠菜和生菜的株高、单株质量、最大叶宽以及叶片数等生物学性状都有很好的促进作用。配施40%有机肥提高3种叶菜产量的效果最为显著,与纯施化肥处理相比分别提高了15.31%、16.92%和20.62%,配施有机肥不同程度地提高了3种叶菜的维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了硝酸盐含量。     

不同施肥模式对小白菜生长及品质的影响

以‘寿宁山冬乌’为试验材料,进行化肥减量配施有机肥的试验,研究5种不同施肥模式对小白菜植株农艺性状、产量和品质的影响,旨在为菜田的合理施肥与小白菜的绿色生产提供理论依据。试验结果表明,在等氮量施用情况下,施用纯化肥的小白菜单株质量、株高、叶片长和产量均极显著高于施用有机肥和化肥各半的,但在开展度、叶片数和叶片宽等3个指标差异不显著;施用有机肥和化肥各半的还原糖和维生素C含量均高于施用纯化肥的,粗纤维和硝酸盐含量均低于施用纯化肥的,差异均达极显著水平;在3种有机肥替代化肥处理中,还原糖和维生素C含量随着有机质含量的增加而增加,而粗纤维和硝酸盐含量随着有机质含量的增加而降低。综上所述,施用纯化肥比有机肥和化肥各半在短期内更能促进小白菜的生长发育,而施用有机肥和化肥各半能显著提高其品质,且与有机质含量成正比关系。     

有机无机肥配施对大棚黄瓜品质及产量的影响

以设施大棚黄瓜为试材,进行了有机肥与无机肥不同配比施用对黄瓜品质、产量和硝酸还原酶活性的影响研究.结果表明:在施氮量相同条件下,有机与无机肥的质量分数比为1:4时效应最佳,黄瓜粗蛋白质含量比不施肥处理、有机肥处理和无机肥处理分别增加4.0%、7.4%和3.1%,维生素C含量分别增加13.1%、17.1%和10.2%.各处理间黄瓜产量差异显著,有机无机肥配施处理中随无机肥所占比例增加黄瓜产量提高,无机肥处理比不施肥处理和有机肥处理分别增产36.0%和19.5%,比有机无机肥配施处理的平均增产14.3%.黄瓜硝酸盐含量随无机肥所占比例增加而降低,达到显著负相关水平,无机肥处理的黄瓜硝酸盐平均含量比不施肥处理和有机肥处理分别降低了24.1%和29.4%,比有机无机肥配施处理的平均含量降低了25.6%.有机无机肥配施对大棚土壤硝态氮含量的影响作用较小.黄瓜叶片硝酸还原酶活性与黄瓜硝酸盐含量呈极显著负相关,随配施肥中无机肥所占比例增加黄瓜叶片硝酸还原酶活性提高,是黄瓜硝酸盐含量降低的重要因素.     

微生物肥料及有机肥对菜心可食部分产量及品质的影响

探讨了微生物肥料、鸡粪、猪粪以及微生物肥料与有机肥的配合施用对蔗渣基质栽培菜心的产量及品质的影响。结果表明:与施用等氮量的无机肥(对照)相比,鸡粪、猪粪及微生物有机肥的菜心,其可食部分硝酸盐含量为517.6～725.1 mg/kg FW,比对照低47.7%～66.9%,达到国家规定的叶菜类硝酸盐含量标准(≤3 000 mg/kg)(GB-15401)和世界卫生组织、联合国粮农组织规定标准(≤750 mg/kg);微生物肥料显著增加可食部分的产量,有机肥处理及有机肥+微生物肥的处理的产量相当于对照的85.1%～106.7%;微生物肥料及有机肥均能提高菜心可食部分的VC及水溶性蛋白质的含量;微生物肥料与鸡粪的配合施用的菜心可食部分产量较高,而硝酸盐含量最低。     

基于主成分分析的温室番茄最佳有机肥与微生物菌剂配比

以温室冬春茬大果型番茄"金棚323"为试验材料,设置T_1(有机肥1.5t、微生物菌剂25kg、EM菌剂15L)、T_2(有机肥2.0t、微生物菌剂50kg、EM菌剂15L)、T_3(有机肥2.5t、微生物菌剂75kg、EM菌剂15L)、T_4(有机肥3.0t、微生物菌剂100kg、EM菌剂15L)、CK(仅施用有机肥4.0t)5个处理,主要测定单果质量、维生素C含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、固酸比、口感接受度8项指标,应用主成分分析法对番茄品质进行综合评价,并结合番茄产量作为番茄综合品质的评定指标,研究有机肥(沼液)减施,微生物菌剂增加对番茄品质的影响,明确温室番茄优质高效的有机肥与微生物菌剂配比。结果表明:不同处理间除可溶性固形物无显著差异外,其它处理均差异显著。其中,T_3处理的单果质量最大,为203.67g;T_2处理的维生素C最高,为37.04mg·(100g)^-1;T_4处理的可滴定酸含量最高,为0.84%;T_2处理的可溶性糖含量最高,为89.78mg·g-1;T_2处理的糖酸比含量最高,为14.63;CK的固酸比最高,为10.38;T_2处理的口感接受度最好,为49.40。采用主成分分析方法对不同有机肥与微生物菌肥配比的供试番茄品种的单果质量、维生素C、可滴定酸、可溶性糖等8项品质指标进行了分析,将8个品质指标转化为3个主成分,代表主要品质性状遗传信息的90.412%的信息量。通过综合分析,明确T_2处理的综合得分最高。通过分析不同微生物菌剂施用量对番茄产量影响,明确T_4处理施用微生物菌剂最多,其产量最高。若仅考虑不同有机肥与微生物菌剂配比对产量的影响,则T_4处理的配比最佳;若考虑番茄的综合品质,则T_2处理的有机肥与微生物菌剂配比最适宜。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。