ESR波谱法及其他物理法检测淀粉类辐照食品

研究了ESR波谱技术检测淀粉类辐照食品的方法。测定不同剂量辐照处理的玉米粉、小麦粉和糯米粉的电子自旋共振（ESR）波谱。结果表明：未辐照和辐照样品的ESR波谱有明显区别,ESR信号强度随着样品辐照吸收剂量的增加而增强。利用ESR试验结果与电镜图像进行比较。利用ESR波谱技术能够鉴别出含淀粉类辐照食品（玉米粉、小麦粉和糯米粉）是否经过辐照。     

ESR法定量检测干果类辐照食品

以葵花籽、核桃、开心果和榛子为试验材料,研究在0、1.0、3.0、5.0和10.0kGy剂量范围内4种样品辐照剂量与信号强度的关系以及相关性.结果表明:4种样品在辐照前后ESR波谱有明显区别,其信号强度与辐照剂量均呈正相关.辐照后样品的ESR强度和谱形都发生变化,应用ESR法能够鉴定4种食品是否经过辐照.其中核桃和开心...     

辐照食品检测技术的研究进展

本文综述了食品辐照检测技术存在的问题及其国内外研究的PSL、TL、ESR、DEFT APC等多种检测方法的进展 ,着重分析了几种综合运用生物技术和现代分析仪器的检测技术 ,并进一步探讨和展望了今后检测技术的研究进展和发展方向。     

辐照香料与食品的鉴定

本文采用ESR和化学发光等测量法鉴定辐照香料和辐照食物,研究了花椒粉、胡椒粉(黑、白)、大料、姜粉、芥末、咖哩粉、安息茴香、五香粉、香辣酥和复合调料等香料,以及全脂奶粉、纯藕粉、健儿粉、白面粉、甘草霜和食用明胶等食物经60Coγ射线辐照后,ESR及化学发光强度的变化,以及辐照剂量,贮藏时间和样品粒度对ESR及化学发光的影响。结果表明,两种方法均可有效地区分辐照和未辐照食物和香料,而ESR法较化学发光法更易应用,其鉴定的有效期在30天以上。此外,还对某些包装材料如玻璃、木材和纸等的ESR变化规律进行了初步研究。     

食品辐照简讯

日本强化对放射线辐照处理的检查2008年6月5日,日本厚生劳动省发出《食安输发第0605002号》通知:近日,检疫所监控检查后发现,中国一家生产商生产的干香菇实行了放射线辐照处理。因此,该生产商生产的干燥蔬菜进口申报时,检疫所将保留货物,并根据2007年7月6日《食安发第0706002号     

辐照后食品超微弱发光性质的变化

干燥物质经过辐照处理后 ,其超微弱发光性质会发生一些变化。经过对多种样品辐照前后的超微弱发光性质的研究 ,依据加入测量液前后的发光变化 ,发现其超微弱发光可以分为四种情况 :( 1 )辐照后在加入测量液的情况下产生辐照特征峰 ;( 2 )超微弱发光性质始终无变化 ;( 3)辐照本身对超微弱发光性质无影响 ,测量液的加入使样品在辐照前后均能产生一明显超微弱发光峰 ;( 4 )辐照激发超微弱发光 ,测量液对此超微弱发光有猝灭作用。上述超微弱发光性质可以应用于辐照食品的检测。     

超微弱发光分析法在辐照糖类检测中的应用(Ⅰ)

采用超微弱发光分析检测辐照食品中主要糖分的化学发光过程 ,拟建立一种实用可行的辐照食品检测技术。结果表明 :干燥蔗糖 (含水量小于 2 0 % )经辐照后超微弱发光强度变化不大 ,但在测量过程中加水会产生超微弱发光峰 ,且发光量与辐照剂量密切相关。利用此技术鉴别辐照食品具有一定的实用价值。     

高能电子加速器在食品辐照加工中的应用分析

高能电子加速器装置的迅速发展,引起了辐照加工领域的广泛关注,尤其在食品辐照加工业中被广泛看好。本文搜集分析了近年来有关高能电子加速器设备及研究现状等方面的信息,对高能电子束加速器装置类型进行了介绍,对高能电子束和60Coγ射线2种辐照技术做扼要对比,并对今后高能电子加速器在食品辐射加工中的发展提出看法,以期为辐照加工单位及从事食品辐照的专业人员在开展辐照新技术、新工艺的研究开发时提供参考,促进我国食品辐照加工技术及产业的快速发展。     

电子束食品辐照的研究现状与应用特点

结合近年来国内外文献报道以及国内电子加速器辐照食品加工的现状,介绍了电子束辐照食品加工的研究现状与应用特点。     

Elemental Composition of Twelve Plant Species Grown with Irradiated Municipal Sludge

The objective of this research was to determine the availability to plants of elements in sewage sludge irradiated with high-energy electrons for disinfection. Irradiated raw sludge (irradiated with an electron dose of 400 krad) and non-irradiated raw sludge were obtained from the Deer Island Wastewater Treatment Plant of Boston, Massachusetts. The sludges were used to grow 12 plant species under controlled-environmental conditions. The species were: bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea Coss.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum Nym.), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris cicla L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.). Plants were also grown with inorganic fertilizer added at recommended rates or with tap water. At the end of the experiment (44 days after planting), dry weight and elemental composition of the plants and soil (fine sandy loam, Typic Ustifluvent) were determined. There was no measurable difference in nutrient composition of soil treated with irradiated and non-irradiated raw sludge. In general, plants treated with irradiated raw sludge grew as well as plants treated with non-irradiated raw sludge. Most plants treated with sludge grew as well as plants treated with inorganic fertilizer. Elemental composition of plants treated with irradiated sludge was similar to that of plants treated with non-irradiated sludge. Sludge-treated dill, parsley, spinach, and Swiss chard had high concentrations of one or more of the following heavy elements: Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr. The results showed that plants grown with sludge irradiated with high-energy electrons were similar to plants grown with non-irradiated sludge.     

浙薯系列鲜食及食品加工型甘薯品种系谱和品质性状分析

为全面评价不同类型甘薯品种品质育种指标以及提高育种效率,以2005-2016年育成的13个浙薯系列鲜食及食品加工型甘薯品种为材料,分析亲本系谱,统计品种特征特性,并依据品种用途、干率等对其主要品质性状进行分组比较。结果表明,浙薯系列甘薯品种系谱来源主要是胜利百号和南瑞苕衍生品种栗子香血缘。浙薯81及其衍生品种浙薯13在作为骨干亲本时表现出理想的育种效果。从品种的特征特性来看,鲜食型品种(包括迷你型鲜食品种)具有相对较高的干率(>30%)和淀粉率(>20%);不同类型品种生薯、熟薯的糖分(可溶性糖、还原糖)含量因品种而异;不同加工用途品种类型对胡萝卜素含量指标要求不同。不同类型品种的品质育种指标应进行综合评价,鲜食型甘薯主要以食用品质指标为主,干率是重要的品质指标之一;食品加工型甘薯主要以加工适应性目标为主,需注重中高干率、中高胡萝卜素含量、糖化快等材料的筛选与利用。本研究结果为优质鲜食及加工型甘薯新品种选育的种质创新和应用提供了理论参考。     

Potential Use of Raman Spectroscopy for Determination of Amylose Content in Maize Starch

An analytical method using Raman spectroscopy was developed for the determination of amylose concentration in maize starches. FT-Raman spectra of four maize starches with amylose content varying from 3.3 to 66% were obtained. A Raman band at ≈1657 cm^-1 correlated linearly with amylose concentration in the four maize starches, and a calibration curve for Raman band intensity versus amylose content was developed. The linear correlation of the I₁₆₅₇/I₉₀₀ integrated areas with amylose content was r = 0.997. The Raman-based calibration curve allows fast and nondestructive determination of the amylose content in maize starches with minimal sample preparation.     

基于红外光谱特点的南五味子鉴别

为建立南五味子快速鉴别方法,用粉末直接压片法测定南五味子、五味子对照药材、市售药材及2种自采样品粉末的红外光谱,利用软件绘制红外光谱并进行分析比较,计算400～4000 cm-1范围内不同区域的红外光谱的相似性、观察吸收峰数量及峰形.结果表明,南五味子固体粉末在500～900 cm-1处的红外光谱相似性和1000～17...     

Selection Criteria for Genotypes and Identification of Plant Characteristics for Phosphorus-Efficient Wheat

Most genetic analyses of wheat crops concentrate on elucidating the mode of inheritance of plant characteristics. However, it is equally important to study the genetic relationship between different characteristics so that the consequences of selection for one characteristic on the performance of another can be predicted. Three field experiments with 15 wheat genotypes were conducted at two sites with similar soil types and agroecological conditions (two experiments at site 1 and one experiment at site 2) to evaluate wheat genotypes through correlation and path analyses for identification of plant characteristics responsible for high grain yield at low phosphorus (P) (7.86–8.23 mg P kg^?1 soil; control, no application of P) and adequate P (52 kg P ha^?1) in soil. On the average of the three experiments, the genotypic and phenotypic coefficients in correlation analysis agreed closely in each case. Relatively high values of genotypic coefficient showed a masking influence of genetic factors in the grain production. Grain yield correlated significantly with P-uptake parameters, such as P uptake in grain and straw. Integration of P in grain formation varied among wheat genotypes because of differences in their abilities to absorb, translocate, distribute, accumulate, and utilize P. The integrated effect of these physiological processes appeared in the form of end product (i.e., grain). The yield potential of a genotype to produce grain can be measured directly from absolute grain yield, but when selection was made through the involvement of plant factors such as harvest index, it proved to be a good predictor of grain yield. Positive relationship of harvest index with grain yield indicated an increase in grain yield. Because grain production is an outcome of the integrated effect of many P-related physiological processes, P efficiency was measured by P harvest index, P efficiency ratio, and P physiological efficiency index. The P physiological efficiency index was found to be an appropriate measure of P-use efficiency. When the selection was made through path analysis, it was observed that the genotypes that had high harvest index, absorbed more P, accumulated more P in grain, and produced more grain per unit of absorbed P were efficient in P use and produced high grain yield under low available soil P field conditions. Wheat genotypes ‘Inqlab 91,’ ‘Pak 81,’ ‘4072,’ ‘4943,’ and ‘5039’ were capable of producing high grain yield under low soil P field conditions in this study.     

Use of Food Label Information by Trinidad Consumers and Implications for National Health

Nutritional information on food labels helps consumers make informed decisions about what they chose to consume. This study, conducted among 320 consumers in Trinidad, West Indies, examined consumers' use of various informational components of the label and the influence of health-related factors on use of such information. The study found that, although there was a fairly high reading of food label information, fats and sodium information were not given the required attention. Six variables—(a) diabetes; (b) allergies; (c) gender; (d) level of schooling; (e) fast food consumption; and (f) fiber consumption—significantly impacted the use of food label information.     

工程弃渣用作植物生长基质的研究

为资源化利用工程弃渣,对粒径＜2 mm的工程弃渣和自然土壤进行了不同体积配比生长实验,结果表明:粒径小于2 mm的工程弃渣与自然土壤混合后可以用作植物生长基质,工程弃渣的使用体积比例以50%～70%为宜;工程弃渣风化程度越高,其养分含量、pH值及抗旱保墒能力越适合植物生长,但工程弃渣的养分含量一般比较贫乏,需额外添加肥料才能满足植物生长对养分的需求;工程弃渣与自然土壤不同体积配比的混合物的三相没有明显变化规律,但混合物的pH值、养分含量、土壤水分常数、种子发芽率、植株保存率等指标随工程弃渣的体积比例变化而规律变化。