黑曲霉真菌诱导子对喜树培养细胞喜树碱积累的影响

以黑曲霉提取物作为真菌诱导子,研究其对提高喜树悬浮培养细胞的生长和喜树碱产量的影响。结果表明:终浓度40 mg/L的诱导子在细胞培养的第14天加入,细胞干重在第26天达到最大量31.5 g/L,是未处理的细胞干重的1.2倍;喜树碱产量在第29天达到最大值13.6mg/L,是对照产量的6.0倍,没有受到诱导处理的细胞干重和喜树碱产量都在第20天达到最大值。与真菌诱导子刺激提高细胞生长和喜树碱生物合成相对应的是,诱导刺激的培养细胞表现出较高的细胞活力,培养基中糖类的消耗量也随之增加。     

混合接种菌根真菌对喜树幼苗生长及喜树碱含量的影响

通过温室盆栽接种试验,研究了蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)、弯丝硬囊霉(Sclerocystic sinosa)及二者混合接种(分别记为Am、Ss和Am-Ss)对喜树幼苗生长及喜树碱含量的影响.结果表明:丛枝菌根的形成促进了喜树幼苗的生长,菌根幼苗的生物量优于无菌根幼苗,混合接种Am-Ss的菌根幼苗显著高于无菌根幼苗和单接种的菌根幼苗.丛枝菌根形成影响了喜树幼苗的喜树碱代谢,菌根幼苗根、叶片和全株的喜树碱含量均显著高于无菌根幼苗,并且混合接种处理的喜树幼苗喜树碱含量最高.     

稀土元素铈对‘红地球’葡萄组培苗生长的影响

 以‘红地球’葡萄组培苗茎段为外植体，在培养基中添加1～100 mg·L^-1 Ce(NO₃)₃，，研究 不同浓度Ce(NO₃)₃对其生长的影响。结果表明适宜浓度的Ce(NO，)，(1～10 mg·L^-1 )对‘红地球’葡萄组培苗的生长具有促进作用，加快外植体生根，侧根数及侧根总长显著增加,根、茎、叶鲜样质量和干样质量也增加，根系活力提高而增加移栽成活率，增加叶绿素含量，有利于植株对矿质营养的吸收。而100 mg·L^-1。Ce(NO₃)₃对葡萄组培苗生长起明显抑制作用。     

蜜环菌多糖对损伤性胰岛细胞分泌功能的影响

培养大鼠胰岛素瘤细胞(INS-1),以四氧嘧啶(AXN)损伤细胞,培养液中加入不同浓度的多糖AMP-1,检测不同浓度AMP-1对INS-1细胞葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素和C肽分泌量的影响,同时检测细胞存活率。结果表明,一定浓度范围AMP-1对AXN损伤的INS-1细胞分泌胰岛素和C肽均具有一定的促进作用,尤其是在葡萄糖刺激浓度为16.7mmol·L-1时,效果显著;AMP-1可减少AXN对INS-1细胞的损伤,使INS-1细胞存活率增加。     

‘过山香’香蕉原生质体培养及植株再生

 以'过山香'香蕉的胚性悬浮细胞（Embryogenic cell suspensions,ECS）为起始材料分离原生质体,酶解液的组成为：3.5%纤维素酶R-10、1%离析酶R-10、0.15%果胶酶Y-23、204 mmol/L KCl、67 mmol/L CaCl2和0.41 mol/L甘露醇,原生质体产量为3.1×107个/mL PCV ECS （PCV：packed cell volume,细胞密实体积）。分别以培养基‘A’和‘B’为培养成分在液体浅层培养和看护培养两种培养系统中进行原生质体培养。结果表明：在液体浅层培养系统中,采用培养基‘B’比采用培养基‘A’效果好,原生质体的细胞分裂频率和细胞团形成频率分别约是采用培养基‘A'的3倍和10倍;所获得的培养物为只能增殖而不能进一步分化的非胚性细胞团。在看护培养系统中,采用培养基‘A’与采用培养基‘B’时,细胞分裂频率和细胞团形成频率没有显著地差异;所获得的细胞团具有典型的胚性细胞特征。将从看护培养中获得的细胞团转移到体胚诱导培养基上,培养45 d后,从105个原生质体获得1550个体胚。继续在体胚诱导培养基上培养30 d,7.8%的体胚能萌发。萌发的体胚在MS+0.1%活性炭的培养基中发育成健壮植株,移栽后成活良好。     

冷库杏鲍菇栽培技术研究

采用普通冷库环境栽培杏鲍菇,对杏鲍菇进行品种筛选、后熟期培养和低温刺激3个方面的试验研究。试验结果表明,杏鲍菇不同来源的菌株出菇表现差异大,引种时应引进适合冷库栽培的高产优质的杏鲍菇品种;杏鲍菇菌棒长满料袋后,经过10 d的后熟期培养,促使培养料充分分解和积累,能在最大程度上满足子实体生长发育的需要;菌棒经过3 d,5～10℃的低温刺激后,有利于促进菌丝的新陈代谢和子实体原基的形成与分化,刺激后菌棒现营快,出菇多而整齐。     

不同品种番茄刺激瓜列当种子发芽差异性研究

以不同品种番茄为试材,采用培养皿培养,水培和盆栽的方法对多个品种番茄进行培养,并收集其根系分泌物进行植株研磨,研究了不同品种番茄对瓜列当种子发芽刺激作用的强弱.结果表明:“美罗迪”番茄品种在3种培养条件下均能刺激瓜列当种子发芽且发芽率相对较高,最高为53.65％.而“金圆宝202F1”和“奥米多9号”刺激瓜列当种子的发芽率较低.     

不同来源灰树花多糖免疫活性初探

采用体外免疫细胞培养法,比较了用不同方法制备的灰树花子实体和菌丝体多糖的免疫活性。结果显示,稀碱提取的灰树花子实体多糖(GFAP)能够显著提高小鼠淋巴细胞的转化增殖率,同时能够显著激活小鼠巨噬细胞,并刺激巨嗜细胞产生大量一氧化氮(NO)。稀碱提取的灰树花菌丝体多糖(GMAP)对小鼠淋巴细胞与巨嗜细胞的作用与GFAP相似。热水提取的灰树花子实体多糖(GFP)与菌丝体多糖(GMP)对小鼠巨噬细胞有一定的激活作用,并能促使巨嗜细胞生成NO,但提高小鼠淋巴细胞转化增殖率的作用均不明显。     

荔枝龙眼细胞悬浮培养和转基因研究(英文)

应用正交设计研究了IBA、6-BA、GA3和CM等植物生长调节剂在龙眼(Dimocarpus longana Lour.)与荔枝 (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)细胞悬浮培养中的作用,并就悬浮培养细胞对Km的敏感性以及用金刚沙对胚性愈伤组织在 液体状态下进行创伤和用分别带有AP1和APBD基因的农杆菌对创伤的愈伤组织进行遗传转化进行了探讨。结果 表明:IBA、6-BA、GA3和CM均可显著地提高悬浮培养系的产量,但GA3导致细胞的快速生长和褐变。悬浮培养系 细胞在液体培养基中比在固体培养基中对Km较敏感。用金刚沙对胚性愈伤组织在液体状态下进行创伤后进行农 杆菌介导转化可以得到更多的Km抗性胚状体。PCR检测结果显示,AP1及AP-D基因均已转入龙眼的胚状体中。     

稀土元素对大白菜、黄瓜根的生长及其活力的影响

用不同的培养方法,研究稀土元素对大白菜、黄瓜根生长的影响。结果:(1)用种子萌发的方法,观察到一定浓度的镧(La)、铈( Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)对大白菜胚根的伸长有促进作用,以镧和铈最显著,镨和钕次之,同样浓度的钇(Y)没有促进作用。浓度过高均抑制胚根的伸长。( 2)在营养液中加入一定浓度的氯化铈,培养黄瓜苗,生长三周后,其根、茎、叶的鲜重和干重都比对照增加。(3)用组织培养方法证明,一定浓度的镧、铈、镨、钕能促进黄瓜离体根的生长,其主根长、侧根数及总长度比对照增加。(4)伤流量的测定结果表明,稀土元素可提高根的活力。     

稀土铈（CeCl3）对黄瓜抗枯萎病的影响

以黄瓜枯萎病为研究对象,通过盆栽试验探讨了不同浓度稀土铈（CeCl3）对接种黄瓜枯萎病菌后黄瓜植株发病情况、生长状况、相关防御酶活性的影响。结果表明：与不添加CeCl3的对照相比,施用CeCl3降低了黄瓜枯萎病发病率和病情指数,促进了植株生长发育,提高了防御酶活性|随着CeCl3浓度的增大,促进效果先增强后减弱,其中以200 mg?L-1处理效果最好,黄瓜各生长指标显著提高,叶绿素含量、根系活力、脯氨酸含量分别比对照提高85.91%、60.75%、55.77%,过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性分别比对照提高49.29%、31.50%、80.00%,丙二醛含量比对照降低61.67%。     

铈对黄瓜幼苗抗冷性生理影响的研究

在低温胁迫条件下,采用不同浓度的稀土铈对黄瓜幼苗进行诱导处理,通过测定黄瓜幼苗在一定时期内叶绿素和脯氨酸含量的变化及其对黄瓜幼苗抗冷性的生理影响。结果表明:在冷害胁迫条件下,施用铈可以提高黄瓜幼苗的叶绿素及脯氨酸含量水平,进而影响其生理生化发育。     

铈对低温胁迫下茄子种子发芽及幼苗生理的影响

 通过茄子低温胁迫下铈处理后种子及幼苗各生理指标的比较可知, 铈处理可缓解低温胁迫对茄子种子萌发和幼苗的伤害, 促进种子发芽和幼苗生长, 这可能与铈提高萌发幼苗膜透性、水解酶的活性和脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质的含量, 以及降低MDA含量有密切关系。     

Salicylic acid or heat acclimation pre-treatment enhances the plasma membrane-associated ATPase activities in young grape plants under heat shock

Proton pumps play an important role in the physiological activities of plants. Changes in membrane-associated H⁺- and Ca²⁺-ATPase activities in heat-shocked plants after heat acclimation (HA) or salicylic acid (SA) pre-treatment in annual young grape plants (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Jingxiu) were investigated. ATPase activity was assayed through biochemical analysis in which two-phase partitioning was used to purify plasma membranes and cerium trichloride was precipitated with an electromicroscopic cytochemical method. The plasmalemma H⁺- and Ca²⁺-ATPase activities were higher in HA- or SA-pre-treated plants than in controls. The stability of H⁺- and Ca²⁺-ATPase activities in pre-treated plants always remained at higher levels during subsequent heat shock treatment, which was consistent with the observations made using an electromicroscope. A number of cerium phosphate grains representing enzyme activity in HA- or SA-pre-treated plants were observed 6 h following heat shock, whereas no grains were found in control plants under the same conditions. These results suggest that the changes in the activities of plasma membrane H⁺- and Ca²⁺-ATPase contributed to the thermotolerance induced by either HA or SA pre-treatment in young grape plants and the two pre-treatments may have had the some same regulatory mechanism.     

添加氧化铝对灰树花菌丝体生长及多糖产量的影响

考察添加不同浓度的氧化铝(粒径为200~300目)对灰树花(Grifola frondosa)发酵菌丝体生长及多糖(胞内和胞外粗多糖)产量的影响。结果表明,在试验添加范围内,灰树花菌球直径随氧化铝添加浓度的增加而显著变小,当添加氧化铝浓度为20 g/L时,游离菌丝体明显增多,且菌球主要表现为S型(D<0.5 cm,D：菌体当量直径,与对象具有相等面积的圆形的直径),其中L(D≥1.5 cm)、M(0.5 cm≤ D<1.5 cm)和 S 型菌丝体的比例分别为4.9%、24.3%和70.8%;添加3 g/L氧化铝时灰树花菌丝体生物量最高,达到5.81 g/L,比空白组提高了2.7倍;添加20 g/L氧化铝时灰树花胞外多糖产量达到最大,为8.46 g/L,为空白组的1.7倍左右,而菌丝体多糖产量以添加0.1 g/L氧化铝时最高,为65.6 mg/g。     

Anti-lung cancer efficacy of magnetic nanoscale carrier with camptothecin

AIM: To study the preparation, drug release, cell absorption and anti-lung cancer efficacy of magnetic nanoscale carrier with camptothecin (MNC-Camp). METHODS: The drug release ability of MNC-Camp was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. Absorption of magnetic nanoparticles by A549 cells was measured by pullulan staining method. The growth inhibition ability of Camp and MNC-Camp on the A549 cells and white blood cells was analyzed by MTT assay. The metastasis ability of A549 cells treated with Camp and MNC-Cmap was evaluated by cell invasion method. The activity of apoptosis protein caspase-3 was detected by ELISA. RESULTS: A549 cells had a good absorption ability on MNC, and the drug release of MNC-Camp increased with time increasing. Compared with MNC group, Camp and MNC-Camp induced the apoptosis of A549 cells, and the half inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) were (35.14±3.21) and (7.16±2.54) mg/L, respectively.Camp and MNC-Camp also decreased the A549 cell transfer number and increased the activity of apoptosis protein caspase-3. All the effects of MNC-Camp were obviously significant than those of free Camp (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: MNC-Camp has a better inhibitory effect on the growth of A549 cells than free Camp, and finally plays an important role in anti-lung cancer effect.     

In vitro cloning of two cumin landrace lines via shoot-tip culture

Summary

Shoot-tip explants were excised from axenic and non-axenic plant cultures of two cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) landrace lines from Assiut (ASS) and Qina (QIN), Egypt. Explants were cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin. The two landraces performed similarly throughout the study. Shoot-tip explants from axenic cultures were superior to those prepared from non-axenically grown plants regarding the percentage of explants that produced micro-shoots and the number of micro-shoots that proliferated. The maximum number of excisable micro-shoots was produced on medium with 1 µM BA. Up to 20 micro-shoots per explant were excised from cultures on this medium. The largest number of micro-shoots obtained on medium containing kinetin was five. Most (80–90%) micro-shoots formed roots on medium with 1 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 2% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). The survival rate ex vitro was as high as 70%. A high concentration of BA (4 µM) induced calli, retarded elongation of the micro-shoots and reduced both the number of roots formed on subsequent rooting medium, and plant survival ex vitro. This study supports the feasibility of in vitro cloning of cumin using shoot tips for germplasm collection, conservation and exchange.     

Low concentrations of BAP and high rate of subcultures improve the establishment and multiplication of somatic embryos in date palm suspension cultures by limiting oxidative browning associated with high levels of total phenols and peroxidase activities

Taking into account the recalcitrance of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to tissue culture, establishment and proliferation of embryogenic suspension cultures in two date palm cultivars, namely Boufeggouss (BFG) and Bouskri (BSK) was implemented using liquid medium with different concentrations of the 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mg/l) and various subculturing times (7 days, 15 days and 20 days). Total phenols and peroxidase activities have been determined and oxidative browning process checked in different cultures. The liquid medium with 0.3 mg/l BAP allowed cell suspension cultures to produce the greater globular embryos and the highest number of somatic embryos in comparison with the other treatment for BFG and BSK date palm cultivars. The low rate of culture transfers (every 15 or 20 days) tended to increase the phenolic contents and peroxidase activities in plant tissue leading to an enhancement of tissues/cells browning and then a decrease in the proliferation of embryogenic cells. The transfer of cultures on fresh medium every 7 days allowed a substantial reduction of tissue/cell oxidative browning, which is related to reduction of phenolic compounds and decrease in peroxidase activities with a resultant increase in the proliferation of embryogenic cells. This result suggests that oxidative browning is mainly peroxidase-based in date palm suspension cultures. Relationships between low concentrations of BAP as cytokinin, high growth of embryogenic cells, low contents of phenolics, decrease of peroxidase activities and oxidative browning process, are discussed, in order to optimize date palm multiplication through somatic embryogenesis and solve recalcitrance of many date palm cultivars to tissue culture.