朗德鹅填饲后不同组织PPARγ基因mRNA表达量差异的初步研究

本研究采用荧光定量PCR检测了填饲、未填饲朗德鹅肝脏、皮下脂肪、腹脂和肌肉组织PPARγ基因mRNA的表达水平,并与谷丙转氨酶等6种血清生化指标进行了相关性分析。结果表明：在肝脏组织中,填饲组PPARγ 基因mRNA的表达量极显著高于对照组中该基因的表达量（P〈0.01）;肝脏组织PPARγ 基因mRNA表达水平与肝脏指数、血清谷丙转氨酶含量呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）,腹脂PPARγ基因mRNA表达水平与肝脏指数、血清谷丙转氨酶含量呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）,皮下脂肪PPARγ基因mRNA表达水平与肝脏指数、血清谷丙转氨酶含量呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）。结果表明肝脏、皮下脂肪、腹脂组织PPARγ基因mRNA的表达水平与朗德鹅肥肝形成有一定的关系。     

鹅Perilipin基因部分片段的克隆、不同品种及填饲对组织mRNA表达水平的影响

本研究旨在克隆鹅围脂滴蛋白(Perilipin)基因,并探讨填饲对其在四川白鹅和朗德鹅肝脏中表达的影响,为从脂滴角度研究鹅肥肝分子机理提供依据。试验选取12只朗德鹅和12只四川白鹅为研究对象,通过RT-PCR方法扩增鹅Perilipin基因部分序列,采用实时定量技术研究了该基因在皮脂、腹脂、肝脏等10个组织中的表达情况,最后检测填饲后两品种鹅肝脏总脂质含量、甘油三酯(TG)水平、肝质量以及Perilipin基因表达变化。结果表明:获得的鹅Perilipin基因序列与原鸡的同源性最高,与哺乳动物的同源性也达到70%以上;从组织表达上看,该基因主要表达于腹脂和皮脂,而在其他组织几乎不表达;填饲引起鹅肝脏Perilipin mRNA表达丰度的极显著增加(P0.01),且与肝质量、肝内TG和总脂质呈显著正相关;此外,填饲导致其在朗德鹅肝脏中的表达丰度显著高于四川白鹅(P0.05)。结果提示:填饲会引起Perilipin mRNA在鹅肝脏中表达丰度的极显著增加(P0.01),且其增加幅度存在着品种间差异(P0.05)。     

鹅LXRα基因的克隆及填饲对其mRNA水平的影响

为了研究填饲对LxRα mRNA表达水平的影响,本试验以四川白鹅和朗德鹅为试验对象,通过RT-PCR方法克隆了鹅肝脏X受体α(LXRα)基因部分序列,并采用SYBR-Green法研究了填饲对LXRα基因在肝脏和脂肪组织中转录水平的影响.结果获得了1005 bp的鹅LXRα部分序列,且与其它物种有较高的相似性,但存在8个氨基酸变异位点.LXRα基因在肝脏、腹脂和皮脂中都有表达,但在肝脏中的表达量最高.填饲引起鹅皮脂、腹脂和肝脏的LXRα mRNA表达丰度的显著增加.对照组中,LXRα在朗德鹅肝中的表达量高于四川白鹅(P<0.05),而在皮脂、腹脂中朗德鹅的表达量低于四川白鹅(P<0.05).填饲组,在肝和腹脂中LXRα的表达量四川白鹅显著高于朗德鹅(P<0.05),皮脂中表达量品种间差异不显著.填饲后LXRα mRNA表达丰度与皮脂、腹脂和肝脏的相对质量呈显著正相关,并且朗德鹅的相关性要强于四川白鹅.结论:填饲引起鹅肝脏和脂肪组织的LXRα mR-NA表达丰度的显著增加,填饲对LXRα mRNA表达的影响存在显著的品种差异.     

填饲对朗德鹅血液指标、组织营养成分以及肝脏组织学的影响

通过对6只110日龄朗德鹅进行高能饲料填饲,测定和观察血清生化指标、肝脏、胸肌和腿肌中营养成分和肝脏组织学变化。结果显示,填饲20d后鹅肝脏重量显著提高(P0.01),血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白水平显著增加(P0.01),其中γ-谷氨酰转肽酶在填肥过程中呈现出先升高后降低,与人类肝脏酶学研究结果一致;脂肪主要在肝脏沉积,其他组织无明显差异,蛋白质在肝脏中相对增加;填饲朗德鹅肝脏细胞胀大,肝细胞胞浆中充满大量大小不等的脂肪滴。这些结果为鹅生理和病理研究、肥肝生产及其遗传选育提供基本参考。     

四川白鹅MTP基因的组织表达特性研究

本研究采用RT-PCR方法以四川白鹅(Anser cygnoides)为研究材料,探讨了1、10、13、14和16周龄肝脏、小肠、脑、胸肌、腹肌、腹脂、皮脂和心脏等组织中微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白(MTP)基因的表达特性.结果显示:1周龄,MTP基因只在小肠组织中表达；10周龄,除在肝脏、小肠组织中,首次发现脑组织为MTP基因特有表达组织；MTP基因在肝脏和小肠中的表达量随周龄增加呈逐步上升趋势；1～13周龄,小肠＞肝脏(P＜0.05)；14～16周龄,小肠＜肝脏(P＞0.05)；填饲期,肝脏组织中MTP表达无显著变化(P＞0.05),而小肠组织MTP表达水平却显著升高(P＜0.05).结果表明MTP基因在四川白鹅脂肪沉积和转运过程中具有极重要的调控作用.     

朗德鹅C/EBPα基因的克隆及不同处理对其在肝脏中表达的影响

为研究C/EBPα基因与朗德鹅肝脏脂肪代谢的关系,本研究克隆了朗德鹅C/EBPα基因,预测其蛋白结构和功能,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了朗德鹅肝脏C/EBPα基因在对照组和填饲、填饲+T3、填饲+T3+甜菜碱、填饲+甜菜碱等4个不同处理组中的表达情况。结果发现:朗德鹅C/EBPα基因序列长为1 401bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为975bp,编码324个氨基酸的蛋白质,两侧分别是210bp的5′-UTR和397bp的3′-UTR;预测朗德鹅C/EBPα蛋白位于细胞核中,不含有信号肽,不含有跨膜区,含有bZIP功能结构域;不同填饲处理组肝脏组织中C/EBPα基因的表达显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中填饲+T3+甜菜碱处理组显著高于其它3个填饲处理组(P<0.05),与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。推测C/EBPα基因在朗德鹅肝脏脂肪代谢过程中发挥作用。     

填饲对朗德鹅与四川白鹅体组成及部分血浆参数的影响

本试验通过对朗德鹅和四川白鹅单位体重填饲等量饲料,研究了填饲对两品种鹅体重、肝重率、腹脂率、胸肌率、腿肌率等体组成指标以及血浆极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、甘油三酯(TAG)、葡萄糖、胰岛素浓度等血浆参数指标的影响。结果表明,填饲后朗德鹅肝增重显著高于四川白鹅,但填饲所导致的四川白鹅皮脂率及腹脂率增长显著高于朗德鹅。填饲后四川白鹅与朗德鹅血浆中VLDL、TAG浓度极显著高于对照组,且四川白鹅血浆中VLDL、TAG浓度显著高于朗德鹅。结果表明,朗德鹅肝脏能更好利用食物中的碳水化合物合成脂类,且合成的脂类优先贮存在肝脏。四川白鹅肝脏合成的脂类贮存在脂肪组织的效率更高。     

鹅乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1基因的克隆、表达及生物信息分析

本实验旨在探究鹅乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1(ACAA1)基因的分子结构和功能特性,及其在鹅肥肝形成过程肝脏中的表达变化。选用体型和体重相当的70日龄健康朗德鹅42只,正常填饲,填饲到21 d转为限制饲养。然后分别在填饲前(OF0)、填饲第7天(OF7)、填饲第14天(OF14)、填饲第21天(OF21)、限制饲养第7天(F7)、限制饲养第14天(F14)和限制饲养第21天(F21)7个填饲阶段各采集6只鹅肝脏组织样本;采用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆获得朗德鹅ACAA1基因cDNA全长序列并进行生物信息学分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测ACAA1基因在朗德鹅不同填饲阶段肝脏中的表达。结果表明:鹅ACAA1基因cDNA全长为3 352 bp,其中CDS区为1 323 bp,5'UTR长度为77 bp,3'UTR长度为1 952 bp,编码441个氨基酸;在朗德鹅肥肝形成过程中,ACAA1基因在肝脏中的表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,其在填饲14 d的鹅肝脏中表达量最高(P0.05),在填饲结束限饲阶段的鹅肝脏中表达最低(P0.05),限饲到21 d,其表达量恢复到填饲前水平。结果提示,ACAA1基因的表达与鹅肥肝的形成密切相关,为研究ACAA1基因在鹅肥肝形成中的生物学功能及其分子机制奠定基础。     

填饲对鹅胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2基因表达的影响

研究旨在探讨填饲对朗德鹅胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2(IGFBP2)基因在肝脏、胸肌和腹脂中表达的影响,将30只70日龄朗德鹅分为填饲组(15只)和对照组(15只),分别于77(填饲7 d)、84(填饲14 d)和89(填饲19 d)日龄采集填饲组和对照组的组织样本。采用实时荧光定量PCR法测定朗德鹅不同填饲阶段IGFBP2基因在肝脏、胸肌和腹脂中的表达情况。结果发现:各阶段填饲组肝脏中IGFBP2基因的表达量显著低于对照组(P0.05),且随着填饲时间的延长,表达水平下降趋势更加显著;胸肌中IGFBP2基因的表达量在填饲的第7和19天与对照组相当,而在第14天则显著低于对照组(P0.05);腹脂中IGFBP2基因的表达量在填饲的第7天和第14天显著低于对照组(P0.05),而在填饲第19天时,IGFBP2基因的表达量在填饲组与对照组间差异不显著。结果表明,IGFBP2基因的表达与鹅肥肝的形成密切相关,为深入研究IGFBP2基因在肥肝形成过程中的作用奠定基础。     

溆浦鹅和朗德鹅肥肝营养成分和血清生化指标的比较北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在比较溆浦鹅和朗德鹅肥肝营养成分和血清生化指标的差异。选取同批孵化并在相同饲养管理条件下的85日龄溆浦鹅(体重5 200 g)和朗德鹅(体重4 640 g)各60只,按品种分为2组,每组20个重复,每个重复3只。预饲5 d,填饲21 d。测定溆浦鹅和朗德鹅体重、肝脏重、腹脂重、肝脏中氨基酸和脂肪酸组成及血清生化指标。结果表明:1)溆浦鹅的末重和腹脂重显著高于朗德鹅(P<0.05),溆浦鹅和朗德鹅之间初重、体增重率、肝脏重、肝体比、饲料消耗量和料肝比无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)溆浦鹅和朗德鹅的肝脏中氨基酸组成一致,且各种氨基酸含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)溆浦鹅的肝脏中不饱和脂肪酸含量极显著高于朗德鹅(P<0.01),其中反油酸甲酯、顺-11-二十碳烯酸甲酯和二十二碳六烯酸甲酯含量显著或极显著高于朗德鹅(P<0.05或P<0.01);而溆浦鹅的肝脏中饱和脂肪酸含量极显著低于朗德鹅(P<0.01),其中棕榈酸甲酯含量极显著低于朗德鹅(P<0.01)。4)溆浦鹅的血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和谷草转氨酶活性显著或极显著高于朗德鹅(P<0.05或P<0.01)。溆浦鹅和朗德鹅之间血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,朗德鹅产肝性能和肝脏脂肪沉积能力在一定程度上优于溆浦鹅,但溆浦鹅肝脏中不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于朗德鹅,更有利于人类的健康。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.