江西北美栎树害虫及其天敌种类初步调查

调查北美栎树害虫及其天敌昆虫发生种类,为北美栎树害虫的预测预报及可持续防控提供科学依据.采用踏查和样地调查相结合的方法,调查了江西省北美栎树害虫及其天敌昆虫种类.结果表明,北美栎树害虫有88种,隶属于节肢动物门2纲6目41科.为害严重的害虫以栎奥象、栗大蚜、星天牛和云斑白条天牛为主,前三者主要为害苗期,后者主要为害成林期.天敌昆虫有22种,主要天敌昆虫是二星瓢虫、异色瓢虫、聚纹双刺猛蚁、黑蚂蚁.     

浙江省香榧病虫害及害虫天敌种类调查

文章系浙江省近年来香榧病虫害和害虫天敌的调研总结。重点对省内主要香榧生产县(市)进行调查。共收录害虫57种,分别隶属8目28科,病害5种,以及害虫天敌16种,分别隶属7目11科。收集浸渍幼虫标本50余号,针插标本2200余号,其中包括了大多数的主要害虫。并且对绝大部分的标本在收集的第一现场进行了摄影记录。     

Arthropod pests and their natural enemies in stored crops in northern Namibia

A survey of stored product pests, their natural enemies, grain storage and pest management approaches in northern Namibia was conducted. The survey revealed five types of crop commodities (pearl millet, sorghum, cowpea, maize, feed mixture) stored in four types of grain stores (baskets, bag stags-flat stores, concrete bin, metal containers). No synthetic pesticides or plastic sheeting was recorded. Wooden-ash natural pesticide is the only protectant used. Ten insect pest species were found affiliated to the orders of Coleoptera (Attagenus fasciatus, Callosobruchus subinnotatus, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum), Lepidoptera (Corcyra cephalonica, Sitotroga cerealella), Psocoptera (Liposcelis paeta) and Blattodea (Blattella germanica). Out of these, seven species were recognized as new stored-products pests for Namibia. Although listed for southern Africa region, no storage pest-mites (Acari) and Sitophilus spp., Prostephanus sp. or Trogoderma sp. beetles were traced. We found four new species of natural enemies of storage pests recruiting from insects (Habrobracon hebetor, Cephalonomia wattersoni, Brachymeria sp.) and mites (Blattisocius tarsalis). The occurrence of natural enemies indicates a potential for pest bio-control in Namibian grain stores.     

Influences of trees on abundance of natural enemies of insect pests: a review

In this article we review the use of natural enemies in crop pest management and describe research needed to better meet information needs for practical applications. Endemic natural enemies (predators and parasites) offer a potential but understudied approach to controlling insect pests in agricultural systems. With the current high interest in environmental stewardship, such an approach has special appeal as a method to reduce the need for pesticides while maintaining agricultural profitability. Habitat for sustaining populations of natural enemies occurs primarily at field edges where crops and edge vegetation meet. Conservation and enhancement of natural enemies might include manipulation of plant species and plant arrangement, particularly at these edges; and consideration of optimum field sizes, number of edges, and management practices in and near edges. Blending the benefits of agricultural and forestry (windbreak) systems is one promising approach to field edge management that has additional benefits of wind protection and conservation of desirable wildlife species.Journal series 10549 of the Agriculture Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. This material was prepared with the support of USDA Agreement 91-COOP-1-6592 for the USDA/EPA Program, Agriculture in Concert with the Environment. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Department of Agriculture or the US Environmental Protection Agency.     

洞庭湖区杨树有害生物及天敌昆虫调查

2007—2009年,通过线路踏查,标准地详查,室内饲养昆虫,灯光诱捕昆虫,查阅相关资料等方法,对洞庭湖杨树主栽区进行了杨树有害生物及天敌昆虫普查,普查发现洞庭湖区危害杨树的有害昆虫共计8目36科146种,病害12种,有害动物5种,有害植物4种,主要天敌昆虫13种。     

Effect of GCSC-BtA biocide on population dynamics of cabbage pests and their natural enemies from fields in southeastern China

The present paper deals with the effect of the biocide GCSC-BtA on population dynamics of cabbage pests, i.?e., Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hom., Aphididae), Liriomyza sativae Blanch. (Dip., Agromyzidae), Phyllotreta vittata Fabric. (Col., Chrysomelidae) and their natural enemies, i.?e., Apanteles plutellae Kurdj. (Hym., Braconidae), Erigonidium graminicola (Sundv.) (Araneida, Linyphiidae), Coccinella septempunctata L. (Col., Coccinellidae), in common head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) fields in the southeastern China. The experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, PR China in April?–?June, 2001. The results showed that, at the end of sampling, the pest populations of P. xylostella, B. brassicae and P. vittata reached averages of 39.7, 68.3 and 6.2 ind. / 30 plants in the plot treated with GCSC-BtA, which were about 1.5, 11 and 0.7 times lower than those treated with methomyl, respectively. In contrast, the natural enemy populations were, on average, 23.5 ind./30 plants for A. plutellae, 24.6 ind./30 plants for E. graminicol and 12.2 ind./30 plants for C. septempunctata in the plot treated with GCSC-BtA, about 6, 5 and 3 times higher than for those treated with methomyl, respectively. The GCSC-BtA biocide demonstrated greater effectiveness in controlling the cabbage pests, e.?g., P. xylostella, B. brassicae and P. vittata, having final decreasing ratios of 83.60, 97.05 and 53.67?% compared to 57.63, 64.89 and 30.88?% with the methomyl insecticide. However, it was less toxic to natural enemies, e.?g., A. plutellae, E. graminicola and C. septempunctata, final decreasing ratios being 47.68, 17.84, 27.81?%, than methomyl, with 90.94, 80.80, 74.55?%, in comparison to the populations in the control plots, respectively. So, because of the low toxicity of GCSC-BtA to the natural enemies, it is recommended that, on one hand, its application should be carried out after mass migration of the pests to the fields, on the other hand, the alternative agent GCSC-BtA should be used with the aim of minimizing the harmfulness to the natural enemies in the whole program of integrated pest management in cabbage fields.     

Effect of ploughing and previous crop on winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under integrated farming system in Slovakia

The effects of ploughing and previous crop on winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under an integrated farming system was investigated in an experimental area in Slovakia. The experiment consisted of 4 small plots (50?m² each) to which both organic and inorganic fertilisers were applied. Moreover, there was one application of herbicide and a fungicide on each plot. The ploughing was either deep or shallow, and either silage-maize or pea was used as a previous crop. The effects of the ploughing and previous crop was studied by means of multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA) and subsequent Monte-Carlo permutation test. The results showed that there was a considerable temporal variation in the abundance of insect pests and their natural enemies. Of the two husbandry treatments, only ploughing caused significant difference in the composition and abundance of both pests and natural enemies. However, while most of the pests favoured deep ploughing, the majority of natural enemies occurred more abundantly on shallowly ploughed plots. The previous crop did not affect numbers of either pests or natural enemies. Two systems, integrated and organic, which have been surveyed previously, were mutually compared with respect to the abundance of insect pests. The organic farming system turned out to be more sustainable.     

Winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under organic farming system in Slovakia: Effect of ploughing and previous crop

Organic farming system of winter wheat was investigated in Solvakia over three years, 1995–1997. The system was carried out on a small scale (four plots of 50 m²). Neither pesticides nor inorganic fertilisers were applied. Effect of two treatments, ploughing and previous crop, on the community of pests and natural enemies was surveyed. There were two types of ploughing (shallow and deep) made in autumn before sowing. As previous crops, silage-maize and alfalfa were used each season. The effect of all factors was analysed by multivariate method, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation to assess statistical significance. During three years, 37 taxons of pests and 27 taxons of natural enemies were recorded. The results of RDA showed that the community of insects (pests and natural enemies) was mainly influenced by temporal variation. The highest abundance of all insects was observed in 1996. The effect of the two treatments on the community of pests and natural enemies was less obvious. Pests were found to be significantly more influenced by ploughingthan by previous crop. Most of pests occurred more abundantly on plots with shallow ploughing and on plots after maize. Abundance of natural enemies were, however, significantly affected by previous crop. Majority of them were more abundant on plots after maize than after alfalfa. Ploughing had only marginally significant effect on natural enemies that were more abundant on shallow ploughed plots. Both ploughing and previous crop had only negligible effect on species diversity of natural enemies.     

沙棘主要病虫害及防治

1．沙棘的病虫种类及危害性？沙棘病虫害种类较多，其病害主要有沙棘腐朽病、沙棘烂皮病、沙棘干枯病、沙棘叶斑病、沙棘缩叶病、沙棘猝倒病、菟丝子等；沙棘虫害有沙棘象、沙棘实蝇、沙柳木蠹蛾、柳干木蠹蛾、红缘天牛、栎黄枯叶蛾、黄褐天幕毛虫、沙棘巢蛾、舞毒蛾、沙枣尺蛾、兰目天蛾、沙棘木虱、华北蝼蛄、黑绒鳃金龟等。沙棘病虫害如不及时防治，对沙棘园及人工林造成大量减产；有的危险性病害如国外传来的沙棘干枯病，目前已在国内沙棘产区大量蔓延，造成人工林成片死亡。在虫害方面，沙棘象、红缘天牛、沙棘蝇等种实害虫和蛀干害虫危害也很严重，1990年铜川发生大面积沙棘象危害，种实被害率达80％以上，当年沙棘种子颗粒无收，     

河北省沧州市林木果树害虫天敌名录

目前河北省沧州市已知林木果树昆虫天敌种类280种,分属7目、36科,该文从主要寄主方面列出名录。     

紫斑牡丹主要病虫害及其综合防治技术

介绍了紫斑牡丹2种主要病害（牡丹灰霉病和根腐病）和2种主要害虫（吹绵蚧、蛴螬），同时介绍了上述病虫害的防治技术，在生产上具指导意义。     

湖州青梅害虫及天敌种类调查和结构分析

通过详细的林间样地踏查,调查了浙江省湖州长兴地区青梅林的昆虫及蜘蛛的种类,分析了各类群的组成结构。共采集到昆虫98种(青梅害虫67种,天敌昆虫26种,中性昆虫5种)、蜘蛛5种。调查表明,青梅害虫主要有黑蚱蝉C ryptotympana atrata、八点广翅蜡蝉Ricania speculum、杨梅球坚蚧Eulecanium kunoensis、褐刺蛾Setora postornata及太谷桃仁小蜂Eurytoma maslovskii5种,其中又以黑蚱蝉和太谷桃仁小蜂最为主要。青梅林昆虫群落功能结构分析表明,青梅林昆虫群落中以植食性昆虫占主导地位,占全部种类的65.05%。首次报道了青梅林害虫及天敌的种类和结构,为青梅害虫的防控提供了参考。     

Fruit tree Aphids and their natural enemies in Isparta region,Turkey

Fourteen aphid species belonging to eight genera and three families of the superfamily Aphidoidea were presented from Isparta region in fruit tree orchards. Among these, Dysaphis plantaginea, Aphis pomi and Dysaphis devecta, which cause harm to apples, are the most common species in the area because of the high amount of apple production. In addition, eight species from the family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), three from Syrphidae (Diptera) and one species from Forficulidae (Dermaptera) were found as predator. Totally, eight species were determined as parasitoids from the families Aphidiidae, Aphelinidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera).     

沙棘主要病虫害及防治(续)

22．柳天蛾的生活习性及防治措施有哪些？ 柳天蛾又名兰目天蛾，分布于东北、内蒙古、山西、山东、陕西、宁夏、甘肃等省区。危害沙棘、欧美杨、旱柳、河柳及苹果、桃、梅等。     

烟台地区几种鳞翅目食叶害虫天敌的研究

采用人工饲养和野外采集相结合的方法,对烟台地区几种阔叶树食叶害虫各虫期的天敌种类、数量进行了调查,共收集到各种天敌33种,其中捕食性天敌10种、寄生性天敌23种(包括真菌2种)。舟蛾赤眼蜂、白蛾周氏啮小蜂、白蛾黑棒啮小蜂、寄生蝇类是优势天敌种类,对控制杨扇舟蛾、杨雪毒蛾、美国白蛾等食叶害虫种群数量发挥着显著作用。     

沙棘主要病虫害及防治(续)

34．中华鼢鼠的生活习性及防治措施有哪些？ 中华鼢鼠又名瞎狯，分布于河北、山西、内蒙古、陕西北部和秦岭山区。其食陛很广，各种林木、种子、蔬菜、苜蓿等，在林木种类中以沙棘、苹果、山楂、油松等较为喜食。在陕西和甘肃的大部分沙棘林内，都有中华鼢鼠的危害发生，有的根部被咬断使植株枯死，有的整株树苗被拉入鼠洞内啃食，从当年新植树苗到10年以内的沙棘林;受鼢鼠危害很严重。是人工造林和天然林更新的一大灾害。     

沙棘主要病虫害及防治(续)

16．沙枣尺蠖的生活习性及防治措施有哪些？ 沙枣尺蠖又名春尺蠖分布于陕西、甘肃等十多个省区及中亚各国，主要危害沙棘、沙枣、杨、柳、槐等十几个树种。该虫发生期早，危害期短，幼虫发育快，食量大，常在沙棘林区暴食成灾。     

Important insect pests of poplars in agroforestry and strategies for their management in northwestern India

Today, more than 143 species of insects infest both indigenous as well as exotic species of poplars in northwestern India, with about 65 species infesting Populus deltoides alone. Random sampling surveys (1984-2002) were undertaken in lower hills and plains of six states (Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir) in this region. The survey included 36 nurseries, 84 large ( ≥ 3 ha) and 255 small (< 3 ha) block and bund plantations and recorded seven species causing outbreaks. However, eight insects having wide spread distribution in this region were identified as posing a threat to agroforestry with P. deltoides and need to be managed. Amongst these, three species (Clostera cupreata, C. fulgurita and Apriona cinerea) were ranked as 'major pests' as they had relatively higher incidence (> 50% of attack) and caused extensive economic loss during outbreaks, coupled with tree mortality which persisted for several years in succession over large areas. Five insects were identified as 'potential pests', as they also caused heavy infestation and economic loss, but only in some years, on a localized scale and with no large scale plant mortality, but need to be checked to improve productivity. The 'potential pests' were: one species in plantations (Ascotis selenaria) and four insects in nurseries [(Eucosma glaciata , Phalantha phalantha, Nodostoma waterhousie and white grubs) with >50% incidence]. Integrated pest management practices, comprising cultural methods, use of bio-pesticides, tolerant poplar varieties/clones, natural enemies, recommended safe insecticides and avoiding alternate host plants of the pest, are discussed for important pests.     

Biological control at work: demonstrating the complementary effects of natural enemies on two contrasting pests and the damage they cause

Journal of Pest Science - Natural pest control is a significant service supporting agricultural production. However, the relative contribution of several functional groups of natural enemies to...     

杜鹃花常见病虫害的发生与防治

对南京地区一些杜鹃的栽培品种和部分野生种的病虫害发生状况进行了观察,并提出了防治措施。