Effect of Some Weed Control Treatments on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Associated Weeds

Two field experiments were carried out during 1984 and 1985 seasons at the Farm of Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, A. R. C, Ministry of Agric. (Egypt), to study the effect of five herbicides applied as a single or in tank mixtures as well as hoeing treatment on sesame plants and dominated annual weeds under Upper Egypt growing conditions. The herbicides alachlor at 2.304, pendimethalin at 2.040, linuron at 1.200, diuron at 0.960 and prometryn at 1.920 kg a.i./ha were applied preemergence as a single herbicides, as well as alachlor and pendimethalin combined with linuron, diuron or prometryn at the same rates. Two checks were included, one was left without weed removal, while the other was hand-hoed.
Pendimethalin at 2.040 applied alone or in mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best grass weed control, while excellent effectiveness against annual broad-leaves was obtained by linuron at 1,200 and diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha alone or in mixtures with pendimethalin at 2.040 kg a.i./ha. Whereas, pendimithalin at 2.040 applied alone or in tank mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best control for total annual weeds and higher seed yield of sesame as well as other yield contributing characters.     

The Relation between Stand Density and the Structure of Spring Rape (Brassica Napus L.)

The relation between stand density and structure of spring rape ( Brassica napus L.) was described with the aid of comprehensive measurements of structure. The structural components measured were plant height, stem diameter at root collar, site of the lowest pod on the main raceme, number of pods on the main raceme, site of the lowest branch on the main stem, number of primary branches and number of pods on the branches. The experiment was conducted at two nitrogen levels, 110 and 180 kg ha', and was replicated in 3 years, 1988, 1989 and 1990. Stand density was varied by using five different seeding rates and the number of plants m^-2 evaluated immediately prior to harvest was used to express the stand density. In the years considered, the densities varied between 16 and 520 plants m^-2. The relationship between plant density and rape plant structure was adequately described each year by a mukivariate second degree polynomial model. Varying the nitrogen application rate seemed to have no influence on this relationship. Denser plant stands produced thinner and shorter plants, the shortening occurring in the pod-producing section of the main raceme. Further, with increasing stand density, the number of branches decreased as did the number of pods on the branches and on the main raceme. These changes in plant structure retarded at densities over 150—200 plants m^-2. This seems to be the minimum density that should be achieved in rape stands.     

甘蓝型高产高油分双低杂交油菜新品种油研50的选育

利用甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系7274 A与恢复系6215 R组配育成的优质杂交油菜新品种油研50(原名油YL 050),于2007年通过贵州省区试和生产试验,在贵州省区试中最高产量达244 kg/667 m2,平均单产186.47 kg/667 m2,比对照油研10号平均增产13.83%(极显著),分别居2006年B组第1位和2007年A组第1位,两年16点次试验,13点增产,3点减产,增产8%以上点次达75%,平均单产油量84.64 kg/667 m2,比对照油研10号增6.71%。生产试验平均单产185.8 kg/667 m2,比对照油研10号增产15.84%,居A组第1位。全生育期平均221.0 d,比对照油研10号早1.5 d。植株中等偏高,在贵州省生态和耕作栽培条件下(区试平均),单株有效角400.02个,角粒数20.8粒,千粒重3.56 g。抗倒性强、抗寒性强,较耐菌核病。含油率45.39%,芥酸平均0.2%,硫甘含量18.04μmol/(g.饼),种子蛋白质21.11%。     

甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系ZWAB的选育及其临时保持系和恢复系的筛选

利用甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育杂交组合川油14中发现的不育株作母本、引进英国品种Bristal作父本杂交,F1代与中油821进行复合杂交,于后代中连续选择不育株与可育株兄妹交,获得稳定的两型系ZWAB.通过对其广泛测交,筛选出能完全保持其不育性的临时保持系和完全恢复的恢复系.临保不育系和恢复系配制的杂交种具有较强的杂种优势,有着良好的利用前景.     

Importance of Some Biochemical Parameters in the Quality and Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Samples of rapeseed from three Italian growing environments (Bologna, Perugia and Palermo) were analysed for glucose content and dry weight of 1000 seeds every three or four days starting from the end of flowering until complete ripening. In addition, the content of oil, soluble and total proteins, glucosinolates and myrosinase activity was determined in samples of mature seeds. The cultivars used were jet Neuf and Lingot (type 0) and Tandem, Jade and Santana (type 00). From the results it emerged that the point of intersection of the two branches of the linear regression plots for different glucose-consumption kinetics found during seed filling, in addition to being strongly affected by the climate of the test environment, is correlated with quantitative and qualitative production, independently of the genotype.     

甘蓝型隐性核不育杂交油菜油研1220制种技术研究

通过多年的制种生产和生产试验,结合相关的制种技术研究基础,摸索出一套杂交油菜油研1220的实用的高产配套技术.并应用此技术在34hm2以上的制种地实施,高、中、低3种田块比例为15%、40%、45%.实收产量分别为107、85.5kg/667m2和55.3kg/667m2,经加权平均后制种区平均产量为75.17kg/667m2.     

地下水位对油菜生长及产量的影响

长江流域油菜生产主要采用水稻油菜轮作种植模式,地下水位高,易产生湿害。本试验采用PVC筒,在油菜4个生育期分别进行0、30、60和90 cm的地下水位处理,然后恢复至60 cm水位,比较2个耐渍性不同的油菜品系在不同生育期、不同水位条件下的生长状况及产量,从而确定油菜各生育阶段的适宜地下水位,为南方稻茬油菜排水降湿管理提供依据。试验结果表明: (1)地下水位高低影响了油菜的根系发育、地上部生长及产量形成;(2)就产量而言,各生育期对水分的敏感性依次为蕾薹期、花期﹥苗期、角果发育成熟期;(3)油菜苗期适宜地下水位为30~90 cm,蕾薹期、花期为30~60 cm,角果发育成熟期为30~90 cm;(4)就全生育期而言,即使选用耐渍性较弱的品种,地下水位控制在30~60 cm时能满足油菜生长发育及产量形成需求。     

甘蓝型油菜主要脂肪酸组成的QTL定位

应用RAPD、SSR和SRAP技术, 对甘蓝型油菜低芥酸品系APL01与高芥酸品系M083杂交组合的BC1F1群体进行检测, 获得251个分子标记, 构建了19个连锁群组成的分子标记遗传图谱; 应用WinQTLCart 2.0对油菜主要脂肪酸组成进行QTL扫描, 获得与棕榈酸含量相关的QTL 5个, 分别位于N3、N8、N10和N13连锁群, 其中效应值较大的主效QTL qPA8-1和qPA13分别可解释棕榈酸含量表型变异的11.31%和14.47%。获得与硬脂酸含量相关的QTL 3个, 分别位于N1、N8和N16连锁群, 其中效应值较大的主效QTL qST16可解释硬脂酸含量表型变异的12.22%。获得与油酸含量相关的QTL 2个, 位于N8和N13连锁群, 均为主效QTL, 其中qOL8位于N8连锁群的m11e37b~A0226Ba267区间, 可解释油酸含量表型变异的11.73%, qOL13位于N13连锁群的m18e46~m20e25a区间, 可解释表型变异的27.14%。获得与亚油酸含量相关的QTL 3个, 其中主效QTL qLI8-1位于N8连锁群, 可解释亚油酸含量表型变异的13.25%。获得与亚麻酸含量相关的QTL 3个, 效应值均较小, 属微效QTL。获得与廿碳烯酸含量相关的QTL 4个, 分别位于N8、N13和N15连锁群, 其中主效QTL qEI8-1、qEI8-2和qEI13分别可解释廿碳烯酸含量表型变异的12.20%、10.22%和11.14%。获得与芥酸含量相关的QTL 2个, 位于N8和N13连锁群, 均为主效QTL, 其中qER8位于N8连锁群的m11e37b~A0226Ba267区间, 可解释芥酸含量表型变异的16.74%; qER13位于N13连锁群的A0301Bb398~m18e46区间, 可解释芥酸含量表型变异的31.32%。在N8连锁群的分子标记m11e27b附近及N13连锁群的分子标记m18e46附近存在多个主要脂肪酸的主效QTL, 这些标记可用于油菜脂肪酸改良的分子标记辅助选择。     

油菜种子千粒重与幼苗干重相关性分析及应用

通过对油菜千粒重与幼苗干重相关性分析试验，表明油菜种子在活力检测中，以千粒重的大小和发芽率高低可间接推算活力指数，在油菜选育，生产，经营中注重发芽率的同时选择千粒重高的种子，是提高种子活力的重要措施。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽高含油量育种资源遗传多样性分析

以2份白菜型油菜为对照,用SRAP标记研究了57份甘蓝型油菜黄籽高油育种资源的遗传关系。在遗传相似系数0.682处,可将59份材料分为3类:两份白菜型油菜聚为一类;甘蓝型油菜除选系Y58单独聚为一类外,其他所有选系归为另一类,显示黄籽高油育种资源遗传基础较窄。在遗传相似性系数0.738处,又可将57份甘蓝型油菜分为6个亚类,其中53份材料归为两个大的亚类,系谱或亲缘关系较近的材料一般聚在同一亚类,且按系谱关系比地理来源划分明显,提示地理来源配制强优势黄籽高油杂交组合可靠性可能不如按系谱来源。     

甘蓝型优质高产杂交油菜新品种油研50恢复系6215R的选育

1996年春,以R08(从中国油料作物研究所引进的甘蓝型油菜黑籽双低常规品系89008中系选的优系)为母本和甘蓝型油菜黑籽双低品种6218(从上海市大面积油菜生产区引进的沪油15中的1个选系)为父本进行杂交,在此基础上经过7年8代的连续定向选择,于2002年育成了甘蓝型油菜双低常规优质品系(隐性核不育恢复系)6215R.其芥酸含量均在1%以下,硫甙23.6～28.6μmol/g,含油量42.6%～43.7%,种子蛋白质21.6%～23.8%.以该品系作恢复系组配的优质杂交油菜新组合油YL050已通过贵州省2005～2007年区试和生产试验,于2007年12月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定,正式定名为油研50.     

Some Effects of Soil Salinity on Growth, Development and Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

The effects of increasing soil-salt levels on emergence, shoot and root growth and yield composition of rapeseed were investigated. A range of electrical conductivity (EC) values in the soil solution from 2.3 dS m^-1 to 10.3 dS m^-1 was obtained by adding NaCl to the substrate. The emergence was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at EC values higher than 6 dS m^-1 Above this value, a delay in the appearance of leaves and of the first visible internode was observed. The further increase of salinity level extended the period for siliqua formation and grain filling, and plant height, pod number and grain number per plant were lowered. However, the cultivar used showed the ability of counterbalancing for this lower grain number by increasing the seed weight, thus there were no variations on seed yield. The seed oil and protein content were also not affected by the changes in salinity. Root growth was adversely affected when salinity levels exceeded 6 dS m^-1. Beyond this value, short tuber-like roots became remarkably frequent. This may be an adaptation mechanism of this species to saline stress; a similar reaction in rapeseed is known in adaptation to drought stress.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Oil from Erucic Acid-Free Summer Rape Seed (Brassica napus L.) in Relation to Nitrogen Nutrition and Raceme Position

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen supply (30, 100 or 170 ppm N) and raceme position on the fatty acid composition of oil extracted from erucic acid-free summer rape seed ( Brassica napus cv. Callypso ). The seven fatty acids analyzed for include palmitic, palmitolcic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolemc, and eicosenoic acids; of which oleic (59.54–64.84 %) and palmitoleic (0.36–0.4 %) acids were the highest and lowest levels respectively. Generally, N nutrition influenced fatty acid pattern only to a little extent. Palmitic, palmitoleic and stearic acid levels were increased by 170 ppm N, depending on raceme position, but oleic and linolenic acids were unaffected. Similarly, 170 ppm N produced the highest fatty acid levels in seeds on the lower portions of racemes, with the exception of oleic acid. This was also true in the case of the upper portions of racemes, except that 30 ppm N produced the highest levels of oleic and linoleic acids in rape seeds. Under the optimum N supply level (i.e. 100 ppm N), position of raceme on the rape plant did not greatly influence the levels of different fatty acids in lipids.     

激光辐射对甘蓝型油菜种子的影响

以华丰油杂8号种子为材料,研究了氦氖激光不同辐射照度和不同辐射时间对油菜种子茎和根的生长长度的影响。结果表明,激光辐射照度为20.78Fc,辐射时间为15min时,与对照组相比,油菜种子出苗后的茎和根的长度增长的幅度最大,茎的长度增长了2.1cm,根的长度增长了0.18cm。     

Effects of Waterlogging Followed by a Salinity Peak on Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Due mainly to alterations in plant metabolism, lack of oxygen and excess salts are disturbances that affect crop yields. In different parts of the world crops are subjected t o those disttirbances, simultaneously or successively. Our objective was to determine the effects of a winter waterlogging followed by a spring salt peak on rapeseed yield, A pot experiment, combining waterlogging and salinization was carried out. The waterlogging duration was: 0 (control), 3, 7 and 14 days and the sahnity treatments were peaks of Electrical Conductivity of 5 and 8 dSm⁻¹ and the control. The yield started decreasingfrotn 3 days during waterlogging, mainly due to the lower number of seeds per plant. The salt peak from 5 dSm⁻¹ affected the yield only in plants which had suffered a waterlogging lower than 7 days, showing interaction between salinity and waterlogging, Only salinity reduced oil content. The saline peak affected the K, Ca and Na concentration in plant tissues, but the effect of salinity on rapeseed could be more related to soil water potential than specific ion toxicities or imbalance.     

甘蓝型油菜杂交种混播制种效应

利用甘蓝型油菜隐性无蜡粉遗传标记杂交组合对混播制种效应进行了研究。2002、2003、2004和2007共4个年度的研究结果表明,混播制种比行播制种产量年度平均高18．7％,杂种率高5．1％,纯杂种产量高20．1％。混播制种的增效主要得益于父本植株在田间均衡的分布和良好的个体发育。混播制种法在油菜遗传标记杂种、抗除草剂杂种、掺合杂种等方向上具有潜在应用价值。     

青海大黄油菜粒色性状分子标记的开发和图谱整合

利用青海大黄油菜和褐籽白菜型油菜09A-126构建BC₄和F₂分离群体, 结合AFLP与群体分离分析法(bulked segregant analysis, BSA)筛选引物, 获得5个与黄籽基因Brsc1紧密连锁的分子标记Y11~Y15。5个AFLP特异片段的序列, 均与白菜型油菜的A9染色体部分序列表现同源。将5个AFLP标记成功转化为5个SCAR标记(SC11~SC15)。利用目标基因所在染色体区段序列筛选到7个与目标基因紧密连锁的SSR标记(BrID10607、KS10760、B089L03-3和A1~A4)。利用SCAR和SSR标记扫描F₂群体中部分单株, 发现SC14和A1为共显性标记。用BC₄群体将Brsc1定位在标记Y06和A4之间1.7 Mb的区间内, 遗传距离分别为0.115 cM和0.98 cM。标记Y05和Y12与Brsc1共分离。本研究为黄籽油菜分子标记辅助选择育种体系的建立及目标基因的进一步精细定位和图位克隆奠定了基础。     

甘蓝型油菜成熟角果内源激素对带壳种子发芽的影响

以甘蓝型油菜品系832、780、1-1、1-13、8-6为材料,进行了田间带壳种子发芽调查、室内模拟降雨带壳种子发芽试验、种子发芽试验、不同浓度ABA处理的种子发芽试验,并利用HPLC测定了鲜果壳和种子的吲哚乙酸(IAA)、细胞分裂素(CK)和脱落酸(ABA)的含量。结果表明,各供试甘蓝型油菜品系带壳种子发芽率存在极显著差异,而不带壳种子的发芽率在第5 天以后没有显著差异。油菜成熟角果的果壳ABA含量与带壳种子发芽存在显著负相关（r＝－0.8941）,带壳种子发芽主要受果壳所含ABA的抑制;外源ABA能明显抑制种子发芽。     

On Harvest Indices of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Ten quite different European winter rapeseed cultivars were grown in a 3-year field trial at one location. The traits grain yield and biomass were measured based on single plant measurements (first year) or on plot basis (second and third year). Individual harvest indices were calculated.
Besides a general discussion of the experimental results for this collection of winter rapeseed cultivars the main aim of the present investigations was an examination whether these experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical conclusions on harvest indices which have been published in this journal in three preceding publications.
Hence the investigations of this paper are divided into the three chapters: 1) Calculation of mean harvest indices, 2) Variability of harvest indices and 3) Correlations among harvest index, grain yield and biomass. In all three chapters the agreement between the empirically obtained and the theoretically expected values is quite good.     

四川甘蓝型油菜地方种和推广品种休眠特性的比较研究

对52份四川甘蓝型油菜地方种和24份四川推广品种作了收获前种子发芽试验,研究了四川甘蓝型油菜的休眠特性。结果表明四川甘蓝型油菜品种间的休眠期差异达显著水平,抗收获前发芽资源数量少;地方种与推广品种间发芽指数差异不显著,但发芽率和发芽指数的变幅及分布差异达0.05显著水平,四川甘蓝型油菜推广品种发芽指数的分布较地方种更集中于低和高的范围内;根据材料发芽进程和发芽指数进行聚类分析,将推广品种聚为三类：第一类为第1天发芽高峰类型,第二类为第1、2天发芽高峰类型,第三类为抗收获前发芽类型;地方种聚为四类,比推广品种多一种类型：第1、2天发芽高峰类型。鉴定筛选的四川甘蓝型油菜抗收获前发芽的宝贵资源及其休眠特性,将为甘蓝型油菜的抗收获前发芽生理研究和育种提供信息和材料。