Laboratory evaluation of the insect growth regulator lufenuron againstHelicoverpa armigera on cotton

An insect growth regulator (IGR), lufenuron (Match 5EC), was tested for its toxicity toHelicoverpa armigera on cotton. Potency of the IGR against the larval stage of the pest was demonstrated with respect to larval instars; the LC₉₀ values of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae were 5.63, 7.89, 8.03, 11.39 and 14.76 mg a.i.l ⁻¹, respectively. However, different larval instars did not differ significantly with respect to LC₅₀ and LC₁₀. IGR-treated larvae had swollen heads and were significantly smaller (1.5–2.3 mm) than the untreated control (2.9 mm). Larval weight was significantly reduced from 190 mg in the control to 50–70 mg in the lufenuron treatment. IGR treatment in the larval stage significantly affected both pupal length and pupal weight. Pupal duration of the test insect was significantly extended by IGR treatment. Pupal deformities, including an inability to shed the last larval skin and formation of larval-pupal intermediates, occurred following treatment. A significant reduction in adult emergence was recorded. In addition, abnormalities in the form of development of cavities in the forewings of adult were evident. A significant decline in fecundity was noted in the studies. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 3, 2003.     

Sublethal effects of insecticides on the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.)

The effect of sublethal concentrations (LC₁ and LC₅₀) of permethrin, fenvalerate, methamidophos and carbaryl on diamondback moth development, female fecundity and insect behaviour was investigated. All the insecticides had deleterious effects on the number of larvae surviving to pupae, the duration of the pupal period, the number of pupae surviving to adulthood, and cocoon formation in pupae. Prolonged duration of the larval period, from third instar to pupation, and deformed pupae were also observed. Permethrin, fenvalerate and carbaryl caused latent toxicity and deformed wings in the adults. Pyrethroids and methamidophos reduced the longevity of the adults whereas carbaryl increased it. Except for permethrin, the insecticides inhibited female fecundity. At LC₁ and LC₅₀ concentrations, the pyrethroids showed both repellent and antifeedant activity against larvae, and female moths preferred to oviposit on untreated leaf discs rather than on those treated with the pyrethroids at concentrations equal to their LC₅₀ values.     

Antifeeding effect of cypermethrin and permethrin at sub-lethal levels against Pieris brassicae larvae

An antifeeding (feeding deterrent) response by first- and fifth-instar larvae of Pieris brassicae was shown to be significant at sub-lethal levels of cypermethrin and permethrin, using leaf-discs treated with the pyrethroids by dipping. Permethrin was slightly more effective than cypermethrin both as an insecticide and as an antifeedant against fifth-instar larvae, but the reverse order of effectiveness was observed, with a marked difference in mortality, against newly-hatched larvae. When 1-day-old fifth-instar larvae were continuously given leaf discs treated with a solution of the pyrethroid (1 mg litre^?1), up to the time of pupation, both cypermethrin and permethrin induced a significant extension of the larval period, with a reduction in the maximum larval and pupal weights, as well as a reduction in the total leaf-area consumed. However, at higher levels of both pyrethroids, lowering the temperature induced some irritancy, as indicated by regurgitation and frequent uncoordinated wriggling movements of the fifth-instar larvae. The advantages of cypermethrin as a protectant and as an antifeedant over permethrin are discussed.     

高幼虫密度胁迫对二化螟生长发育的影响

为明确二化螟幼虫群集密度对种群增长的影响,在室内用人工饲料饲养比较了不同幼虫密度对二化螟生长发育的影响。结果表明,高幼虫密度800头/盒胁迫下,二化螟雌、雄幼虫和蛹的发育更快,其幼虫+蛹历期分别比低密度100头/盒处理要快8.0 d和6.0 d;化蛹率和羽化率较100头/盒处理分别显著下降了25.7和25.0个百分点,且雌、雄蛹重分别减少了9.4 mg和4.8 mg;但对二化螟成虫性比、寿命、产卵量和卵孵化率无显著影响。低密度100头/盒处理下二化螟幼虫发育最好,其种群增长指数为56.9,化蛹率达61.4%,羽化率达57.7%,雌、雄蛹重分别为58.3 mg和43.0 mg,但其幼虫+蛹历期较长,雌虫为58.5 d,雄虫为53.9 d。高密度800头/盒胁迫下二化螟幼虫发育最差,其种群增长指数仅为24.1,化蛹率仅为35.7%,羽化率为32.7%,雌、雄蛹重分别为48.9 mg和38.2 mg,但其幼虫+蛹历期较短,雌虫为50.5 d,雄虫为47.9 d。表明在恒定的空间和有限的食物中,幼虫密度过大会导致种内竞争加剧,使得幼虫可能倾向以更快的速度化蛹,确保其存活率以更好地繁殖后代。     

甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒对宿主种群的控制作用

室内试验表明,甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒对宿主种群有明显的控制作用.当饲毒浓度在1.14×108PIBs/mL以上时,能引起97%的甜菜夜蛾幼虫死亡;饲毒后1～8天内,致死中浓度LC50值在8.4718×105～2.6098×10 12PIBs/mL之间;在饲毒浓度范围内,致死中时间LT50在1.98～6.99天之间;感病幼虫每日病死时间分布可用时间-剂量-条件死亡率模型较好地拟合,累计病死时间分布可用Gompertz模型拟合.室内试验还表明,病毒对甜菜夜蛾种群有明显的亚致死作用.免于病死蛹重量减轻,羽化所得雌成虫产卵量下降,产卵期延长;从感病高龄幼虫发育的成虫能将病毒传播至子代,引起20%～48%的子代幼虫死亡,并使子代成虫产卵量下降.田间试验表明,病毒除具有明显的控制作用外,还有一定的后效作用.     

Diofenolan: a novel insect growth regulator in common citrus butterfly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Papilio demoleus</Emphasis>

Penultimate and last instar larvae of the common citrus swallowtail butterfly, Papilio demoleus L. (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera), were treated with different doses of a novel juvenoid, diofenolan. Several deformities were observed as a result of topical administration of diofenolan which include delay in larval–larval and larval–pupal ecdysis, ecdysial failure, mortality, severe reduction in pupation, deformed pupae and complete inhibition of adult emergence. The juvenoid diofenolan severely hampers the normal growth, development and metamorphosis of P. demoleus and can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs for successful control of this important pest of citrus all over the world.     

不同食料对黄地老虎生长发育和繁殖的影响

幼虫在不同食料饲养中,以灰藜最好,苘麻最差。前者幼虫期平均23～30.9天,脱皮4～5次,自然死亡率4.3～8.0％;后者则各为46.1～47.1天、6～7次、45％。各种食料饲养的蛹重,以白菜和灰藜较重,马铃薯较轻。蛹重不是决定成虫产卵高低的主要因子,而与幼虫取食食料种类关系较为密切。如幼虫取食白菜、棉花及玉米、马铃薯混杂草者,较取食旋花、马铃薯及玉米者产卵量高0.15～2.23倍,产卵期和寿命亦较长。取食混合食料的幼虫,发育速度和成虫产卵量,一般均较取食单纯一种食料为高。在成虫取食各种花蜜饲养中,以供食蜂蜜红糖水、马蔺花和向日葵花者产卵率和产卵量最高,白菜花、苜蓿花和清水者最低,前者为后者产卵量的1.99～14.06倍,雌蛾产卵率高11.1～35.7％,产卵期和寿命亦以前者为长。从幼虫和成虫取食不同营养对产卵量的对比来看,成虫期补充营养较幼虫期营养更为重要。因而某一地区蜜源植物的种类、分布密度以及蜜源植物花期与成虫发生期的符合程度,是决定某地区黄地老虎种群密度高低、为害轻重的最主要因素之一。     

噻虫胺等药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的致毒效应

为了明确新烟碱类药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的毒力,采用管测药膜法和药液定量滴加法测定了噻虫胺等6种药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊不同虫态的毒力,并研究了噻虫胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和辛硫磷亚致死浓度对其4龄幼虫生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪对成虫的击倒毒力均较高,分别是阿维菌素的5.75、3.86和3.51倍;6种药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵的毒力均较低;对2龄和4龄幼虫的毒力,均以噻虫胺最高,LC₅₀分别为0.339 mg/L和1.020 mg/L,分别是阿维菌素的27.00倍和25.23倍。用噻虫胺亚致死剂量处理韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫,其发育历期和蛹期延长,蛹重、化蛹率、成虫羽化率、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率均降低。     

Bioactivity of pyrogallol against melon fruit fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera cucurbitae</Emphasis>

The insecticidal effects of pyrogallol were studied by treating eggs and larvae of the melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Tephritidae: Diptera), with various concentrations (1, 5, 25, 125, 625 and 3125 ppm) of the phenolic compound. Although egg hatching decreased following treatment of 0–8-h old eggs with pyrogallol, the decrease was not significantly different from the control. Larval period and total development period declined significantly in 64–72-h-old and 88–96-h-old B. cucurbitae larvae fed on pyrogallol-treated diet. However, in the 44–48-h-old larvae, the larval period and total development period were not affected by pyrogallol treatment at any of the tested concentrations. None of them survived up to the pupal stage at the highest concentration. Number of pupae formed and adult emergence decreased significantly in all larval instars following feeding on pyrogallol-treated diet. The analysis of enzymes in 64–72-h-old larvae treated with LC₄₀ concentration (16.21 ppm) of pyrogallol at three time intervals, i.e., 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, showed significant induction in the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) at 24 h but a decrease was observed following prolonged treatment. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidases (POX) activity remained suppressed during the initial treatment interval but increased with prolonged treatment in 136–144-h-old larvae. The catalase (CAT) activity was suppressed at all treatment durations whereas glutathione reductase (GR) activity was not affected by pyrogallol treatment. An increase in the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidases and glutathione S-transferases indicates an induction of defensive response of the melon fruit fly to the toxic effects produced by ingestion of pyrogallol. Although the effects of the compound on enzyme activity were tested on second instar, it would be interesting to see the effects on other instars too.     

Developmental studies of transgenic maize expressing Cry1Ab on the African stem borer, Busseola fusca; effects on midgut cellular structure

BACKGROUND: Busseola fusca is a major pest of maize in Africa but unfortunately is difficult to control using chemical insecticides. Insect‐resistant transgenic crops may provide an alternative viable strategy to control this pest. RESULTS: Recombinant Cry1Ab (1%) reduced larval weight by 60% over the trial period, while larval weight in the control group increased by 25%; no effects on mortality were observed. Insect survival, developmental rate and pupal and adult weight were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) on maize expressing Cry1Ab (MON810) compared with the non‐transformed parental line. These differences were more pronounced with second‐instar larvae than with third‐instar larvae. Leaf area consumed by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)‐fed larvae was significantly lower (0.5 cm² larva^?1 day^?1) compared with the area consumed by control‐fed insects (3.3 cm² larva^?1 day^?1). EM studies revealed that consumption of Bt maize deleteriously affected gut integrity. Effects were observed in columnar cells of the midgut epithelium, with the cytoplasm becoming highly vacuolated; the microvilli were disorganised, the mitochondria were abnormal and there was an increase in the number of lysosomal bodies. The rough endoplasmic reticulum had also become dilated. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the potential for Bt maize, when used as part of an IPM programme, for control of B. fusca. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Ribavirin, a nucleoside with potential insecticidal activity

BACKGROUND: The triazole-based antiviral nucleoside ribavirin exhibited significant in vitro insecticidal effects against Spodoptera litura, a finding that has prompted further investigations into its in vivo insecticidal properties and mode of action against this insect pest. RESULTS: Ribavirin showed delayed insecticidal effects on third-instar larvae of S. litura at a concentration of 1 mg mL⁻¹. When incorporated into an artificial diet, ribavirin caused various effects, depending on the concentration used. Compared with controls, food intake was lower, larval growth was reduced and larval development prolonged. Pupae weight was reduced, and adult morphology was also affected. Relative to the untreated group, treated groups showed higher mortality at larval and pupal stages, which was generally caused by moult disruption. Results of this study with ribavirin resemble those found in treatment with insect growth regulators. CONCLUSION: This work shows that ribavirin merits further study as a lead compound in a novel class of potential insect control agents or for managing field populations of Lepidoptera pests on cruciferous crops. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Insecticidal Activity and HPLC Correlation of Thuringiensin from Fermentation and Two-phase Aqueous Separation Processes

Thuringiensin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis was further subjected to a two-phase aqueous separation system. A modified HPLC method and a test for quantitative pathogenicity using the house fly Musca domestica were used for analysis of thuringiensin. Within a realistic range of dosages, more effect was observed in the pupal stage than in the larval stage. The percentage effective control rate (ECR) was calculated by (100-percentage emergence); malformed and non-reproductive adults were considered as emerged. Pupal mortality, pupal weight, and ECR after feeding the three-day-old larvae were the measured response criteria for bioassay. The EC₅₀ of thuringiensin for pupae mortality was 1·64 μg ml^-1 diet, and 0·83 μg ml^-1 for mortality of adults. Insecticidal activity of the broth increased with fermentation time-course from 9th to 21st hour. The bioassay curve constructed with three-hour sampling interval during the fermentation course had good correlation to thuringiensin content as determined by the HPLC method. In the two-phase aqueous separation system, a maximum of 96·7% ECR was achieved with the bottom salt layer, compared to a value of 46·7% with the upper PEG layer. These results suggest that thuringiensin, prepared through a fermentation and recovery process, is suitable for pest control. © 1997 SCI.     

Side effects of grain protectants on biological control agents: How <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyptis</Emphasis> plant extracts affect parasitism and larval development of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dinarmus basalis</Emphasis>

Dinarmus basalis Rondani (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), an ectoparasitoid of bruchid pests of stored cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), is a potential biological control agent. We investigated whether grain protectants from Hyptis spicigera and H. suaveolens (Lamiaceae) disturb parasitism and post-embryonic growth of the parasitoid. When cowpeas containing bruchid larvae were treated before being placed in the presence of D. basalis females, the rate of parasitism decreased on average up to 24% and 47% in the presence of, respectively, leaf dry powder and essential oils from both plant species. The estimated larval mortality was higher on treated (9.55 to 28.6%) than on non-treated parasitized hosts (2.8%), depending on the plant species and the plant extract tested. Additional larval mortality was higher for essential oil, and for H. suaveolens. An in-depth analysis of the pre-imaginal development in capsules adapted for this purpose showed that without treatment, mortality was recorded only for eggs and the first two larval stages. With treatment, mortality not only significantly increased on eggs but also spanned all other pre-imaginal stages. Pre-imaginal development was also significantly extended in the presence of treatment, depending on the type of extract and dose used. In conclusion, both plant species exert acute toxicity on D. basalis larvae and also act as growth inhibitors. These results provide additional information that enable us to move towards the harmonious use of allelochemical compounds from plants while protecting biocontrol agents from their adverse effects.     

多杀菌素对不同发育阶段甜菜夜蛾的毒力及其体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的影响

对甜菜夜蛾的毒力测定结果表明,多杀菌素能显著降低其初孵幼虫的存活率、成虫的产卵量和成虫寿命。经6.25 μg/mL药液处理的卵,其初孵幼虫存活率仅为7.48％,而对照则为76.72％;取食12.50 μg/L药液的成虫,其产卵量和成虫寿命仅为取食蜂蜜水的1/6和1/2.5。随虫龄的增加,甜菜夜蛾幼虫对多杀菌素的敏感性显著降低,3龄、4龄幼虫的敏感性仅为2龄幼虫的1/9和1/16,且增效剂氧化胡椒基丁醚(PBO)与磷酸三苯酯(TPP)表皮点滴处理不表现增效作用。多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾卵的孵化率、蛹重以及蛹的羽化率没有明显影响。亚致死剂量处理3龄幼虫后,其体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶等主要保护酶系的活性在处理后0~24 h与对照差异不明显,保护酶系与甜菜夜蛾对多杀菌素敏感性之间没有明显关系。     

五种药剂对黏虫卵的室内触杀效果及胚胎发育的影响

为有效防控黏虫Mythimna separata,选用灭多威、苦参·印楝素、苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis、甲维盐和高效氯氟氰菊酯5种药剂对其卵进行室内触杀试验,比较这5种药剂对黏虫卵和初孵幼虫的触杀效果及对卵的毒力,测定不同药剂处理后黏虫卵初孵幼虫存活率、发育历期、化蛹率、蛹重和羽化率;并通过冷冻切片技术观察不同药剂处理后黏虫卵的外部形态和胚胎发育情况。室内触杀试验结果表明,苦参·印楝素浓度大于0.1 mg/L时,对产后不同时间黏虫卵的校正死亡率介于42.89%～97.34%之间,苏云金芽胞杆菌浓度为0.01 mg/L时对产后72 h黏虫卵的校正死亡率已达71.99%;各浓度苦参·印楝素和苏云金芽胞杆菌处理产后24、48和72 h黏虫卵后,其初孵幼虫校正死亡率介于39.02%～83.59%之间。苦参·印楝素对产后24、48 h黏虫卵的毒力最大,致死中浓度LC_(50)分别为0.018、0.109 mg/L;苏云金芽胞杆菌对产后72 h黏虫卵的毒力最大,LC_(50)为0.004 mg/L。黏虫卵经5种药剂处理后,幼虫化蛹率、蛹重和羽化率分别介于91.07%～93.64%、0.272～0.284 g和86.60%～87.78%之间,与对照差异不显著,幼虫存活率较对照显著下降43.02%～60.27%,幼虫发育历期较对照延长0.23～0.88 d,其中灭多威、苦参·印楝素、苏云金芽胞杆菌处理的幼虫发育历期较对照显著延长。苦参·印楝素、苏云金芽胞杆菌使胚胎无法形成正常胚带,同时会使已发育的虫体出现蜷缩、腹部皱缩;高效氯氟氰菊酯会延缓胚胎发育时间,使已形成的虫体畸形或使其肠道断裂;甲维盐影响虫体对营养物质的吸收,造成虫体萎缩,使其不能正常孵化。在黏虫卵防治中推荐使用苏云金芽胞杆菌和苦参·印楝素。     

Laboratory Evaluation of the Novel Naturally Derived Compound Spinosad against Ceratitiscapitata

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of the naturally derived compound spinosad on Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Tephritidae). The organophosphate fenthion was used as a standard. Direct dose-dependent mortality and reduced fecundity were observed in oral treatment of adults with spinosad. The LC₉₀ values 14 h and seven days after treatment were 19·50 and 0·49 mg litre⁻¹ respectively. Fenthion was less active (the LC₅₀ eight days after treatment was 1·17 mg litre⁻¹) and did not affect the fecundity of the fly. Adults were also very susceptible to spinosad and fenthion via residual contact. For spinosad, 100% mortality was recorded 48 h after treatment for a dose of 10 mg litre⁻¹. Spinosad was more effective than fenthion in suppressing larval development when neonate larvae were reared on treated diet supplemented with a range of concentrations from 0·02 to 0·83 mg kg⁻¹ diet. Last-instar larvae were much less susceptible to spinosad or fenthion when exposed via dipping or when they pupated in treated medium and both products had similar performance. A lack of ovicidal activity was observed in direct egg-treatments with spinosad but significant reductions from 1 mg litre⁻¹ onwards were recorded for fenthion.     

Effects of irrigation on the performance of cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) during different pupal stages

Pupation of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), occurs in the soil. This may be a weak link in the life-cycle, exploitable through cultivation, in the control of this important pest. We evaluated the effects of irrigation on the performance of H. armigera. It did not affect the numbers of larvae entering the soil. However, irrigation treatments made on the 2nd, 3rd and 10th day after larvae entered the soil significantly reduced moth emergence (27, 19 and 28.7% emerged from the respective treatments, compared to 93.7% emerging from the control). Irrigation did not affect the time taken from the larva entering the soil to female adult emergence, but it significantly delayed the time in males. Realized fecundity of the emerging H. armigera adults was significantly decreased by irrigation treatment, especially on the 10th day, with a mean of only 367 eggs laid per female. Irrigation after larvae entered the soil substantially decreased survival of H. armigera, and the increase in the size of the generation following irrigation was only 2.8 times for the irrigation treatments on the 3rd and 10th day after larva entered the soil, respectively, compared with that of the control treatment. We suggest utilizing irrigation practices to suppress overwintering pupal numbers, in order to control the spring generation of H. armigera.     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾亚致死效应的研究

探讨亚致死剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾2、3龄幼虫的亚致死效应,为氯虫苯甲酰胺的合理使用提供依据。采用药膜法确定氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾2龄和3龄幼虫的亚致死剂量(LC25、LC40),以试虫死亡率、取食量、化蛹时间、蛹重、羽化率为指标研究其对小菜蛾的亚致死效应。与对照相比,亚致死剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺处理的小菜蛾除死亡率显著增高外,幼虫生长明显受到抑制,幼虫至化蛹平均历期显著延长,取食量、蛹重和化蛹率明显降低。结果表明亚致死剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾种群增长有一定抑制作用,对小菜蛾综合防治策略的制定有积极意义。     

取食不同食物对日本通草蛉生长发育、繁殖和飞行能力的影响

本文研究了日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis幼虫取食棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera、小地老虎Agrotisipsilon、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura 4种鳞翅目害虫卵和棉蚜Aphis gossypii共5种食物时的生长发育、繁殖和飞行能力。结果表明：幼虫取食棉铃虫卵时发育历期最长（12.95 d）、蛹期最短（9.69 d）,取食棉蚜时发育历期最短（10.28 d）、蛹期最长（10.39 d）;幼虫食物对蛹重、成虫羽化率、产卵前期、产卵量和寿命均无显著影响（P〉0.05）。飞行能力测试中,幼虫食物显著影响成虫的累计飞行时间和平均飞行速度,而对成虫累计飞行距离则无显著影响;幼虫取食棉铃虫卵时成虫累计飞行时间最长（13.58 h）、飞行超过10 h的个体占60%,平均飞行速度最小（0.49 km h 1）、所有个体飞行速度均小于1.0 km h 1;取食棉蚜时成虫累计飞行时间最短（9.38 h）、飞行超过10 h的个体仅占36.85%,平均飞行速度最大（0.75 km h 1）、21.05%个体飞行速度大于1.0 km h 1。结果说明,幼虫食物是影响日本通草蛉个体发育和种群动态的重要因素之一。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒对宿主昆虫的弱化作用

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（ＨａＮＰＶ）感染２龄幼虫,感染３ｄ,幼虫体长和体重明显小于对照幼虫。病毒感染４龄幼虫,残留活虫幼虫历期延长,但取食量减少３７．５２％。病毒感染５龄幼虫,感染幼虫蜕皮时间延迟１８ｈ,幼虫历期延长２ｄ。幼虫血淋巴蛋白电泳结果表明,幼虫蜕皮时间延迟主要原因是蜕皮过程延长。病毒感染５龄初幼虫,残留活虫蛹重减轻１４．１９％,成虫产卵量减少２０．５８％。结果表明,ＨａＮ－ＰＶ感染棉铃虫幼