动物性食品中兽药和饲料添加剂残留及其对人体的危害

阐述了在动物生产中应用兽药和饲料添加剂而导致在动物性食品中残留,使人体健康受到的危害。兽药中主要阐述了抗生素、磺胺类药物、呋喃类药物、抗寄生虫药物等;饲料添加剂中主要阐述了性激素、动物生长素和β-兴奋剂等。旨在提示人们认识其危害的严重性,提高动物性食品安全的意识。     

加强饲料兽药监管,保障产品质量安全

规范饲料兽药生产经营行为,是保障饲料兽药产品质量安全的关键.本文以饲料兽药监管部门为主体,从实际出发,分析了饲料兽药生产经营环节需要关注的重点,提出了切实可行的监管建议.     

浅谈动物性食品中兽药残留现状及对策分析

1动物性食品中兽药残留的原因1.1为提升经济效益,非法添加违禁物质《饲料药物添加剂使用规范》明确指出,除《饲料药物添加剂使用规范》收载品种及农业部今后批准允许添加到饲料中使用的饲料药物添加剂外,任何其他兽药产品不得添加到饲料中使用.现实生产过程中,不仅会有部分养殖场户违规添加兽药,更有甚者会违规添加“瘦肉精”“三聚氰胺”“苏丹红”等非兽药类、非饲料添加剂类物质,性质极其恶劣.     

兽药与饲料添加剂残留对人体健康的影响

兽药和饲料添加剂的使用在防治畜禽疾病和促进生长方面有较大的作用，在保障畜禽业发展，促进畜禽业的高度集约化生产做出了不可磨灭的贡献。但是，动物在使用兽药和饲料添加剂后，兽药及饲料添加剂的原形或其代谢产物，一部分可能蓄积、储存在动物的细胞、组织、器官或食用产品中，即兽药、     

兽药残留危害及国内外一般控制措施

兽药残留是指动物产品的可食用部分含有兽药的母体、代谢产物以及与兽药有关的杂质残留.从20世纪50年代开始使用兽药以来,兽药使用量快速增长,到1979年全世界兽药饲料添加剂的使用总量达56亿美元,1996年动物保健品的销售总额达148.5亿美元,抗生素添加剂占饲料添加剂总量的45.8%.全球至少一半的抗生素用于畜牧业和水产养殖业.     

兽药饲料市场监督管理工作实践分析

近年来,我国在饲料、兽药监督管理工作取得了一定的改善效果,但相较于国外成熟的兽药、饲料监督管理体制,国内的兽药、饲料监督管理体制还处于正逐渐完善的长期发展阶段.目前法律法规效力低下,体制不合理,执法不严格;国家资金、人力投入不够;兽药、饲料生产企业管理不规范;养殖场规模参差不齐,技术科学含量低;兽药、饲料产品质量良莠不齐;兽药、饲料采购保管人员素质偏低等,这些都是国内兽药、饲料监督管理所不可忽视的问题.为此,需要加强领导,增加投入执法资金,完善畜禽体系,提高监管执法力度,正面引导与监督管理有机结合,以切实保障畜禽食品质量,维护社会公共安全.     

兽药和饲料添加剂的污染、危害及控制

在畜禽饲养过程中,为了预防和治疗畜禽疫病,在畜牧业生产中大量使用兽药;为了提高畜禽的生产效率,在养殖业中广泛使用饲料添加剂。但是,违规使用兽药和饲料添加剂会造成兽药和添加剂在动物体内蓄积,人食用兽药残留超标的动物性食品后。就会对人体健康造成危害。因此,为保障人类健康,必须对各类兽药和添加剂残留有清楚的认识。     

兽药的使用及兽药残留

兽药残留(Residues of Veterinary Drugs)是指动物食品中的药物母体或其代谢产物,包括来源于兽药的有杂质的残留。兽药的使用对于保障畜牧业健康发展,丰富人民的菜子,具有很重要的作用。《兽药管理条例》于87年颁布施以来,在生产和经销环节,有效地保障了兽药产品的量。然而由于种种原因,还缺乏对兽药使用环节的监控。要体现在:1.不正确使用兽药及饲料添加剂,这种情况最常见。正确使用药物添加剂和饲料中添加药物是造成药物残的主要原因。有意使用违禁药物造成残留,危害最为严。2.环境污染,如重金属和杀虫剂。3.食品加工过程中使用或形成的…     

饲料兽药生产企业发布质量与安全承诺

2005年1月18日，四川省遂宁市的“四川齐全动物药业有限公司”、“遂宁市渴望饲料有限公司”等48家饲料、兽药生产企业为了保证饲料和兽药安全，保障消费者身体健康，维护饲料、兽药行业的整体利益，向社会公开承诺：1．严格遵守饲料、兽药管理的法律法规；2．不制假、不售假，严格按照标准和配方组织生产，严把产品质     

2003年度重庆市饲料、饲料添加剂及兽药合格产品公告

为了全面贯彻国家有关饲料、饲料添加剂及兽药管理的法律法规,加强对饲料、饲料添加剂及兽药产品质量的监督管理,严厉打击假冒伪劣饲料、饲料添加剂及兽药产品的生产经营行为,确保畜禽产品卫生质量安全,提高重庆市饲料、饲料添加剂及兽药在全国同行业中的知名度和竞争力,根据重庆市农业局渝农畜发(2004)19     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.