犬细小病毒病的诊治

犬细小病毒病是由细小病毒引起的犬的一种急性传染病,本病四季均可发生,但冷热交替季节发病较多,尤以4～6月发病率高.越是纯种名贵犬越易感,一般3～6月龄犬发病率高,未进行疫苗注射的犬易发病,也有部分疫苗注射中途发病的,注射过疫苗的犬只也有此病发生.     

犬中暑急救的探讨

中暑是犬在夏天易发生的一种体温调节障碍性疾病,该病临床表现有体温急剧升高,可达41~42℃,心跳加快,呼吸困难,突然倒地.犬汗腺不发达对热的耐受性差,尤以短头,毛多,以及肥胖犬较易发生该病,该病发病迅速,如救治的不及时易导致死亡,笔者就一例犬中暑的诊治做如下探讨.     

产后母犬及新生犬的护理

母犬在产后1周内抗病能力非常差,易引发产后癫痫、褥疮、乳腺炎等.新生犬抵抗力较弱,易发生各种疾病.所以加强母犬的产后护理对确保母犬安全和新生仔犬健康成长十分重要.     

犬皮肤病的诊治

家庭饲养的观赏犬和群养肉犬发生体表寄生虫寄生,易继发皮肤真菌感染及细菌感染,且易反复发作成为顽疾.人特别是儿童与犬的密切接触可传染皮肤真菌病.对犬的皮肤病,需准确诊断,积极治疗,按疗程综合施治.     

副流感病毒病的诊治

某养犬单位,连续4年于夏季6月份～8月份,犬发生呼吸道传染病,8个月～1．5岁青年犬几乎全部感染,部分幼犬、体弱老犬及处于应激状态的犬易感。及时治疗转归良好,现报道如下：     

犬樱桃眼的简易手术疗法

犬樱桃眼系犬的第三眼睑腺增生,犬第三眼睑腺软组织突出于眼内角的眼球面,轻者呈扁平粉红色,重者呈深红色,似樱桃悬于眼内角而得名。所有品种的犬均易发生,但     

犬骨肿瘤的X线摄影诊断

统计资料表明,在犬各组织发生的肿瘤中骨肿瘤约占57%,在犬骨肿瘤中骨肉瘤约占80%,软骨肉瘤约占10%,纤维肉瘤和血管肉瘤约占77%。骨肉瘤是一种原发性恶性骨肿瘤。对其进一步分析表明,骨肉瘤易发生在大体型品种的犬如德国牧羊犬(German Shepherd)、大丹(Great Dane)、拳师犬(Boxer)等,易发生在5—9岁龄(平均7.5(1—1.5岁),公、母犬     

哺乳仔犬腹泻的治疗方法及体会

哺乳期的仔犬,因其消化机能尚不完善,在应激条件下,易发生腹泻,以5～40日龄的仔犬易发。因其体质尚弱,若不及时得到有效治疗,容易发生     

犬瘟热的预防和治疗

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒引起的主要危害幼犬的传染性极强的传染病,每年各季均可发生,尤以初冬至早春寒冷季节发病率较高。犬不分性别、年龄均可感染。幼龄犬较成年犬敏感,纯种犬、警犬比土种犬易感。该病由于发病率高,死亡率高,是养犬的大敌。     

兰州市城区犬细小病毒病发病情况调查与分析

为了掌握兰州市城区犬细小病毒病的流行情况及特点,为有效防控犬细小病毒病提供依据,项目组对2015年10月至2016年9月兰州市城区甘肃农业职业技术学院宠物门诊、安居宠物门诊、伊宝康动物医院等十家宠物医院前来就诊的4 052只患犬进行了犬细小病毒病的诊断,经检测有1 028只患细小病毒病,对1 028只患犬进行了流行病学调查。结果表明:兰州市城区犬细小病毒病1岁以内的犬最易感,其中主要以1月龄到3月龄的幼犬最易感;公犬较母犬易感染;未免疫犬比免疫犬易感;一年四季均可发生,冬春季节发病率相对较高。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …