强化动物卫生监管工作，确保动物性食品安全

动物及动物产品质量安全是公共卫生安全的重要内容,事关畜牧业可持续发展,事关人民身体健康,事关社会和谐稳定。强化动物卫生监管工作是保障动物性食品安全的关键环节,也是保障人民动物卫生食品安全的最后一道屏障。由此可见,动物性食品安全监督管理工作尤为重要,作为职能部门的监管任重而道远,同时也是一种社会责任。随着人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对动物性食品的安全、卫生、营养、健康越来越     

动物性食品安全问题及对策

近几年来,随着畜牧业向规模化、商业化的发展,动物性食品安全问题已成为畜牧业发展的一个主要矛盾。农药、兽药、饲料添加剂和动物激素在畜牧业生产中得到了广泛的应用,但由于科学知识的缺乏和经济利益的驱动,不合理使用和滥用兽药,以及动物性食品在生产运输中污染现象普遍存在,给动物性食品安全带来了严重隐患,中毒现象时有发生。主要简述了当前动物性食品安全的现状,初步分析动物性食品安全性问题产生的原因,并对如何保障我国动物食品安全提出了对策和建议。     

从源头把关确保动物性食品安全

动物性食品安全是一个世界性的问题。近年来,国际上疯牛病、口蹄疫、禽流感、二噁英、O157中毒等兽医卫生事件频繁发生,动物性食品安全突破了传统意义上的畜牧业生产及畜牧业经济领域,逐步成为世界各国政府和人民广泛关注的大问题。加入WTO后,加强食品安全工作的管理,尽快解决动物性食品安全方面存在的问题,     

动物性食品安全与动物防疫体系建设

动物性食品安全是一个世界性的问题,近年来,国际上疯牛病、口蹄疫、禽流感、O157中毒等兽医卫生事件频繁发生,动物性食品安全突破了传统意义上畜牧业生产及畜牧业经济领域,逐步成为世界各国政府和人民广泛关注的大问题.动物疫病在我国乃至世界长期存在,主要危害动物,影响畜牧业生产.     

乌昌动物防疫监督机构一体化建设的建议

动物性食品安全是一个世界性的问题。近年来,国内外疯牛病、禽流感、猪链球菌等兽医卫生事件频繁发生,动物性食品安全突破了传统意义上畜牧业生产及畜牧业经济领域,逐步成为世界各国政府和人民广泛关注的大问题。结合乌鲁木齐市和昌吉州两个地区经济建设的快速融合和发展,本文就保障乌昌地区动物性食品安全问题,针对乌昌动物防疫监督机构体制的一体化改革提出一些看法和建议。     

病死畜禽处置应体现“三原则”

畜牧业承担着生产肉、蛋、奶等动物性食物的艰巨任务。随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的日益提高,畜牧业扮演的角色越来越重要,在畜牧业快速发展的同时,病死畜禽处置问题日益突出。随着人们健康意识的提高和食品安全意识的觉醒,动物性食品安全日益成为人们关注的焦点之一,再加上病死畜禽作为疫病传染源给畜牧生产造成的危害,病死畜禽处置正在成为亟待破解的重要课题。近年来,国家加大了病死畜禽无害化处置的力度,各地也因地制宜进行了一系列探索,笔者认为,病死畜禽处置应体现三原则。     

从源头把关确保动物性食品安全

动物性食品安全是一个世界性的问题。近年来 ,国际上疯牛病、口蹄疫、禽流感、二恶英、Ｏ１５７中毒等兽医卫生事件频繁发生 ,动物性食品安全突破了传统意义上的畜牧业生产及畜牧业经济领域 ,逐步成为世界各国政府和人民广泛关注的大问题。加入ＷＴＯ后 ,加强对动物性食品安全工作的管理 ,尽快解决动物性食品安全方面存在的问题 ,已成为当前一项十分紧迫的任务。影响动物性食品的安全主要有三方面因素 ,(１)人畜共患疾病 ,如疯牛病、炭疽杆菌等 ,人食用了患有这些疾病的动物制成的食品 ,就可能患上同样的疾病 ;(２)滥用或非法使用兽药及违禁…     

试论官方兽医制度的建立

动物性食品安全是一个世界性的问题。近年来,国际上疯牛病、口蹄疫、禽流感、二噁英、 O157中毒等兽医卫生事件频繁发生,动物性食品安全突破了传统意义上畜牧业生产及畜牧业经济领域,成为世界各国政府和人民广泛关注的大问题。中国是畜牧养殖大国,畜牧业占整个农业生产总值的1/3。一个尴尬的事实是,我国生产的畜产品占世界1/4,但是出口却不超过2％。     

加强畜产品安全管理的措施

一、我国动物性食品安全现状 发展畜牧业就必须注重畜产品安全生产.随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们日益关注食品安全这一问题.     

浅谈动物性食品药物残留的危害及对策

随着畜牧业高度集约化．大量使用抗菌药物防治疾病．造成动物性食品中抗菌药物的残留,给人民健康带来严重的威胁。如今．动物性食品质量安全日益受到社会的关注．人们对动物性食品的需求已由原来的数量型转变为质量型,无公害、绿色、有机食品越来越受到欢迎。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。