探究畜产品质量安全的监管要点

畜产品质量安全不仅关系到我国畜牧业经济效益,而且关乎人民群众身体健康、生命安全及其对我国畜产品的信任与认可程度。需要将质量安全监管职能渗透至畜产品养殖、加工、储存及流通各个环节中,以完善的监管体系、规范的监督执法程序、动态化监管模式保障畜产品的质量安全。本文结合畜产品质量安全监管内容及工作实践经验,提炼出畜产品质量安全监管要点。     

刚察县畜产品质量安全体系的发展现状及对策

本文介绍了刚察县畜产品质量安全体系建立现状,从动物防疫监督机制、动物疫病防控制度化和规范化建设、动物检疫监督、畜禽标识可追溯系统等方面分析了刚察县畜产品质量安全保障体系现状,指出了影响畜产品质量安全工作的主要因素,从完善防疫和检验检测体系、加强兽药饲料流通领域监督力度、畜产品质量安全监管体制、等方面提出了思考及对策。     

湖北襄阳构建畜产品安全监管体系的探索和实践

湖北省襄阳市通过对本地的畜产品质量安全监管情况和不利因素进行分析,建立了畜产品生产电子信息监管、畜产品生产监管监测、畜产品生产视频监控、病死畜禽无害化处理、畜产品生产及监管诚信和畜产品生产风险评估体系等畜产品质量安全,有效推进了动物卫生监督工作。     

畜产品质量安全的监督管理

为进一步加强畜产品质量安全监管工作,提高畜产品质量安全总体水平,确保人民群众身体健康和生命安全,建立健全畜产品质量安全的监督管理制度具有重大的意义。1健全畜产品质量安全监管体系     

基层畜产品安全监管工作的思考

由于畜产品安全问题引发的恶性事件越来越多,畜产品安全监管问题亦引起社会越来越多的关注。鉴于县乡一级是畜产品安全监管的最初防线,因此,阐述了影响畜产品质量安全的几个主要因素,并在总结甘肃省临洮县的工作经验的基础上,科学、合理地提出了切实落实畜产品质量安全监管,建立健全县乡级畜产品质量安全监管网络的有效举措,从源头上治理畜产品安全问题,确保广大人民群众真正可以食用到健康无害的畜产品。     

关于"我国畜产品安全标准体系建设"的思考

畜产品安全标准体系是畜产品安全工作的重要一环,是衡量畜产品安全的准绳和量尺,是畜产品安全监管工作的技术支撑。建立健全畜产品安全标准体系,对于保障畜产品质量安全和公众健康、维护社会主义市场经济秩序、提高畜牧业效益和增加农民收入、增强畜产品市场竞争力及促进畜牧业和农村经济的可持续发展等都具有十分重要的意义。     

关于“我国畜产品安全标准体系建设”的思考

畜产品安全标准体系是畜产品安全工作的重要一环，是衡量畜产品安全的准绳和量尺，是畜产品安全监管工作的技术支撑。建立健全畜产品安全标准体系，对于保障畜产品质量安全和公众健康、维护社会主义市场经济秩序、提高畜牧业效益和增加农民收入、增强畜产品市场竞争力及促进畜牧业和农村经济的可持续发展等都具有十分重要的意义。     

加强畜产品质量安全监管工作的探讨

随着人们对生活质量要求的提高,其对畜产品的需求量越来越大,畜产品质量的把控面临着巨大的挑战。一旦畜产品出现质量问题,就会损害消费者的利益,危害人们的身体健康。所以,必须保证畜产品的质量安全。本文对畜产品质量安全监管中存在的问题进行分析,并就加强畜产品质量安全监管工作的策略进行探讨。     

对畜产品质量安全监管关键点及关键措施的调查及建议

近年来,山东省平度市紧紧围绕畜产品质量安全这一中心工作,不断强化监管措施,突出关键点监管,有力地提升了全市畜产品质量安全水平.近期,笔者围绕畜产品质量安全监管的关键点及关键措施进行了调查研究,总结如下:     

畜产品质量安全的监管现状和优化策略

我国是畜禽养殖大国,广大养殖户通过畜禽养殖获得巨大效益,同时也满足了人们的生活需要。近年来,动物养殖领域出现诸多传染性疫病及畜产品违禁兽药使用和兽药残留现象,并且在市场中也出现一些问题肉制品,对人们的健康构成严重威胁,这就需要切实加强畜产品质量安全监管。本文从我国畜产品质量安全监管现状入手,讨论畜产品质量安全监管工作存在的问题,最后分析如何加强畜产品质量安全管理,希望切实维护广大消费者利益,促进我国畜牧业的健康发展。     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Mycobiota and aflatoxins in raw materials and pet food in Brazil

Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food.