Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection: a vanishing specter

About twenty years ago, a new coronavirus, porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV), was detected in swine herds. This virus is related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV); however, it is not enteropathogenic but causes only minor respiratory symptoms. As PRCoV shares some epitopes for neutralizing antibodies with TGEV, it acts like a nature-made vaccine against TGEV resulting in a drastic reduction of TGE outbreaks in Europe. A major difference between the two porcine coronaviruses is a large deletion in the surface protein S gene of PRCoV. Because of this structural difference, TGEV but not PRCoV has a sialic acid binding activity that allows the attachment to mucins and mucin-type glycoproteins. The sialic acid binding activity may allow TGEV to overcome the mucus barrier in the gut and to get access to the intestinal epithelium for initiation of infection.     

Transmissible gastroenteritis in neonatal dogs: experimental intestinal infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus.

Fourteen neonatal dogs (4 through 11 days of age) were exposed orally to the Purdue strain of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus, and six dogs of similar age were noninoculated controls. Clinical signs of enteric disease did not develop. Both exposed and control dogs had normal fecal passages and appetite throughout the experiment. Jejunal epithelium from dogs euthanatized at 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours and at 10 days after exposure did not exhibit morphologic alterations detectable by light microscopy. Electron microscopic examination indicated that jejunal epithelial cells contained TGE viral particles as early as 12 hours after dogs were exposed. There were no apparent morphologic alterations or signs of desquamation of virus-infected cells, however. Results of pig transmission studies indicated that viable TGE virus was in jejunal tissue of the dogs as early as 12 hours and as late as 10 days after exposure to the virus.     

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection induces apoptosis through FasL- and mitochondria-mediated pathways

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has been reported to induce apoptosis in swine testis (ST) cells. However, the mechanisms underlying TGEV-induced apoptosis are still unclear. In this study we observed that TGEV infection induced apoptosis in porcine kidney (PK-15) cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. TGEV infection up-regulated FasL, activated FasL-mediated apoptotic pathway, leading to activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of Bid. In addition, TGEV infection down-regulated Bcl-2, up-regulated Bax expression, promoted translocation of Bax to mitochondria, activated mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, which in turn caused the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-9. Both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways activated downstream effector caspase-3, followed by the cleavage of PARP, resulting in cell apoptosis. Moreover, TGEV infection did not induce significant DNA fragmentation in ammonium chloride (NH(4)Cl) pretreated PK-15 cells or cells infected with UV-inactivated TGEV. In turn, block of caspases activation also did not affect TGEV replication. Taken together, this study demonstrates that TGEV-induced apoptosis is dependent on viral replication in PK-15 cells and occurs through activation of FasL- and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)基因组为不分段的单股正链RNA,其编码4种结构蛋白和3种非结构蛋白。TGEV S蛋白是基因工程研究的重点,近年来,S蛋白在大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、腺病毒等中得到了高效表达。将传染性胃肠炎病毒的基因组人工改造成为感染性cDNA的表达载体,此载体可在ORF3处插入外源基因,异源基因绿荧光蛋白可稳定、高效地表达。TGEV基因1和其他冠状病毒相比保守性很强,所以对TGEV聚合酶的研究,特别是其中保守酶的研究,对于抗TGEV及其他冠状病毒药物的研究有着重要的意义。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒双重RT-PCR鉴别方法的建立

根据GenBank发表的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)CV777株和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)Purdue P115株的基因序列,针对其基因保守区,设计1条共用的下游引物和2条各自病毒的上游引物,可特异扩增出大小分别为213 bp和546 bp目的条带。经过对TaqDNA聚合酶和Mg2+浓度、退火温度(Tm)等PCR反应条件的优化,最终确定该双重RT-PCR的最佳条件为TaqDNA聚合酶浓度为0.03 U/μL,Mg2+浓度为0.05 mmol/L,dNTP浓度为200μmol/L,Tm为51℃。特异性和敏感性检测结果显示,所建立的检测方法具有很好的特异性以及较高的敏感性。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒TS株非编码区的克隆及其一二级结构的分析

参照GenBank中Purdue株全序列对5′和3′非编码区各设计一对特异性引物,经RT-PCR分别获得了2 957 bp和516 bp大小的片段,与预期结果大小相符。猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)TS株与Puedue株、TH-98和FS772/70株的5′UTR核苷酸序列同源性分别为99.4%,99.3%,99.0%,TGEV TS株的3′UTR与Miller、Purdue、Niigata、h-5株的核苷酸同源性均为100.0%,与Aomori和Ogawa的同源性为99.3%。对非编码区的二级结构进行分析发现其具有复杂的二级结构。     

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus: plaques and a plaque neutralization test.

A plaquing system and plaque neutralization test in porcine thyroid cells were used to study different transmissible gastroenteritis isolates and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. Among transmissible gastroenteritis virus isolates, plaque size varied considerably and mixed size ranges sometimes occurred. The most recently isolated viruses produced smaller plaques than the laboratory viruses or hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. All transmissible gastroenteritis virus isolates reacted in the plaque neutralization test with a transmissible gastroenteritis virus antiserum which showed no activity against hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. Plaque neutralization results both from experimentally infected pigs and following a field outbreak demonstrated the reliability of this test and its greater sensitivity than the conventional tube test.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒南京株纤突S蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

参考 Genbank收录的 TGEV- Miller株的基因序列 ,自行设计合成 1对引物 (TGEVP5 /P6 ) ,对不同代次的 TGEV疫苗弱毒 STC3及种毒 、种毒 进行了 RT- PCR扩增 ,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析 ,均出现 1条大约 12 6 2 bp的目的条带 ,经 Eco R 酶切 ,都产生了 871bp和391bp左右的两个片段 ,与预期大小相符。将种毒 RT- PCR扩增目的条带回收纯化后克隆入PMD18- T载体中 ,转化宿主菌 DH5 α,挑选阳性克隆 (命名为 PTs) ,提取重组质粒 ,用 Hpa 、Eco R 对重组质粒进行酶切鉴定以及 PCR扩增 ,然后进行序列测定 ,并进行了序列分析 ,证实与国外标准毒株 Miller、Fs772 / 70、Purdue、TO14等有较高的同源性     

Transmissible Gastroenteritis of Swine in Ontario

An investigation of field outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis occurring in Ontario in 1967 and 1968 is described. Bacteria-free intestinal filtrates obtained from these outbreaks produced a clinical syndrome in pigs infected per os identical to that seen in field cases. The epizootilogical, pathomorphological and clinical signs in field cases and in experimental pigs were similar to those described in transmissible gastroenteritis in other countries.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突蛋白抗原表位区的表达及其免疫原性分析

为研究猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)纤突蛋白(S)上主要抗原位点的免疫原性,本研究将S基因上A、B、C、D四个位点进行RT-PCR扩增,构建重组质粒pET30a-S,诱导表达后Western-blot检测,表明目的蛋白具有良好的抗原性。将纯化的目的蛋白免疫小鼠3次,在初次免疫后第0,14,28,42天采血,并用间接ELISA方法监测血清抗体动态水平变化。结果表明,获得的重组蛋白能诱导免疫小鼠产生特异性的体液免疫,说明该蛋白具有发展成TGEV亚单位疫苗的潜力。     

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus antibody production in vitro by porcine peripheral blood leukocytes.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the in vitro production of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)-specific antibodies by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) harvested from piglets infected with TGEV. Piglets were infected with the virulent Purdue strain of TGEV and at intervals postinfection their PBL were cultivated in the presence of TGEV antigen, control antigen or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The culture supernatants were tested for TGEV antibodies by a fixed cell enzyme immunoassay. Antibodies were never found in the supernatants of unprimed PBL cultures from control piglets, nor in cultures stimulated with control antigen, and antibodies were produced more frequently in response to stimulation of primed PBL with viral antigen than with PWM. In PBL cultures stimulated with viral antigen, TGEV antibodies of the IgG class were produced more frequently than IgA class antibodies. Optimal antibody responses were produced by PBL harvested two weeks after infection and cultivated at a concentration of 10(7) cells/mL for five days.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因B、C位点的克隆与表达及间接ELISA方法的建立

针对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)S基因B、C抗原位点编码基因片段(SBC,下同)设计合成1对引物,用PCR方法扩增SBC基因,将该基因片段定向插入到原核表达载体p ET-32a(+)中,构建原核表达载体p ET-32a-SBC。阳性质粒转化宿主菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG的诱导下表达大小约38 k D的蛋白,重组蛋白以包涵体的形式存在。Western blot分析表明,表达产物具有良好的免疫学活性。以纯化的表达产物作为诊断抗原建立了检测TGEV抗体的间接ELISA(TGEV SBC-ELISA)方法。表明建立的间接ELISA方法特异性和重复性良好,敏感性比血清中和试验高,可用于TGEV的检疫和流行病学调查。     

猪传染性胃肠炎的综合防控

猪传染性胃肠炎（TGE）是由猪传染性胃肠炎病毒引起猪的一种高度接触性消化道传染病,以呕吐、水样腹泻和脱水为特征。近几年来在仔猪及成年猪中都有流行,特别是早春产仔季节流行时会造成大量死亡,严重影响养猪业的发展。本文针对该病流行情况,详细介绍了猪传染性胃肠炎的综合防控措施。     

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine: in vitro virus attachment and effects of polyanions and polycations

Four transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) strains (Purdue-115, D-52, 188-SG and Gep-II) and two cell lines (swine testis-ST and pig kidney-RPD) were used to study virus attachment and cell susceptibility. Virus attachment was partially thermodependent and the rate varied, depending on the strain. Identical TGEV inocula produced a higher plaque number by plaque assay in the swine testis cell line (ST) than in the pig kidney cell line (RPD) but [3H]uridine-labelled virus was found associated equally well with both cell lines. A field TGEV strain (Gep-II), which was unable to multiply in cell cultures, appeared able to inhibit the attachment of radiolabelled cell-passaged virus. Therefore, the susceptibility to TGEV infection was apparently not determined at the virus-to-cell attachment stage. The attachment sites on the cell surface were specific, however, differences in TGEV attachment determinant between strains were not observed. Attachment of all the virus strains tested was enhanced by DEAE-dextran and inhibited by dextran sulfate, poly-L-lysine (PLL), poly-L-alpha-ornithine (PLO) and protamine sulfate.     

美国猪传染性胃肠炎的防治措施

猪传染性胃肠炎（ｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｂｌｅ　ｇａｓｔｒｏｅｎｔｅｒｉｔｉｓ　ｏｆｓｗｉｎｅ，ＴＧＥ），又称幼猪的胃肠炎，是一种高度接触性传染病，以呕吐、严重腹泻、脱水为特征。 ＴＧＥ对首次感染的猪群造成的危害尤为严重，在短期内能引起各种年龄的猪１００％发病，死亡率却因发病猪的年龄而异，日龄越小，病情愈重，死亡率也愈高。尤以１０日龄以内的仔猪发病率和致死率最高，可达９０％－１００％，但对５周龄以上仔猪的危害逐渐降低，成年猪几乎没有死亡。康复仔猪往往发育不良，生长迟缓。 ＴＧＥ在美国、加拿大、欧洲、亚…     

猪传染性胃肠炎药物治疗研究进展

猪传染性胃肠炎对养猪业的危害很大,对于该病除采用疫苗预防之外,进行临床上的药物防控也不容忽视,因为目前疫苗预防方面也存在着一定的问题.临床上对猪传染性胃肠炎的治疗有较多的报道,有中药复方制剂治疗方面的尝试,也有根据临床腹泻症状进行西药治疗,还有中西药相结合进行治疗.这对于临床防控猪传染性胃肠炎不仅提出了许多可以借鉴的方法,也为临床防治猪传染性胃肠炎提供了思路.