纳地青霉发酵灭菌鸭肝的质构、小肽和游离氨基酸含量变化研究

运用物性分析仪、高效液相色谱仪和高速氨基酸分析仪分析纳地青霉发酵对鸭肝食用品质的变化。将纳地青霉接入高温高压灭菌锅灭菌后的鸭肝糜中,(28±1)℃前发酵4 d、4℃后发酵10 d制得发酵鸭肝产品,比较未发酵鸭肝(对照组)、发酵过程中及最终发酵鸭肝产品、质构、小肽和游离氨基酸含量的变化,并进行感官评定。结果表明:鸭肝在发酵过程中,硬度先增大后减小,弹性显著增大(P0.05),黏着性显著增大(P0.05);后发酵10 d的鸭肝产品中小肽显著增加(P0.05),游离氨基酸(包括必需氨基酸和风味氨基酸)含量显著增加(P0.05);发酵鸭肝产品感官评定分值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,灭菌鸭肝经纳地青霉发酵后可产生适于食用的特性,这为开发新型发酵肉制品提供了一种新思路。     

五香鸡肫的调味研究

<正>根据鸡肫的营养特点和组织特性,运用现代食品感官评定方法和数据分析方法对鸡肫进行了五香卤制调味研究,摸索出五香配方,为禽肉加工的废弃物鸡肫的深加工提供依据。     

五香鸡肫的调味研究

<正>根据鸡肫的营养特点和组织特性,运用现代食品感官评定方法和数据分析方法对鸡肫进行了五香卤制调味研究,摸索出五香配方,为禽肉加工的废弃物鸡肫的深加工提供依据。     

肥肝鸭的肥育

在某些国家的养禽业产品中肥肝是居美味之首的,而生产肥肝一直只用鹅。但近些年来由于对鹅肝需求日益增多,所以肥育鸭也得到一定的推广。法国的经验在这方面已获得证实,在法国10年内鸭肝的产量增加1.6倍,在家禽肥肝总产中,鸭肝从35%增至45%。     

鸭肝肠的研制

盐水鸭是江苏的著名特产之一,在盐水鸭加工时,有大量的鸭肝产生,通常生产企业将其鲜销,在鲜销受阻产品积压时,还需将其冷冻保存后再销售,多数作为鱼饲料,且价格极低,企业增效很不明显。这就需要将其进行深加工以提高经济效益。本研究以鲜鸭肝为主要原料,将其制成     

信得：打造以产品价值为基础的竞争优势

5月15～17日，在北京九华山庄召开的全国畜牧业交易会上，信得科技股份公司备受瞩目，信得旗下的禽药、畜药制剂、饲料添加剂以及北京信得威特的疫苗、代理的罗曼疫苗和原料药等六大业务版块集体亮相交易会，凸显了信得科技的整体卖力．除了在会上高调推出的三个生化产品——“信必妥”、鸭肝抗体、小鹅瘟抗体外，信得还有其他新产品、新科技，     

疑似鸭肝炎病例的诊断

近年来本地区多次出现市售鸭肝炎高免卵黄抗体对“鸭肝炎”病例保护不力的现象,本文就本地区近期突发临床症状与病变表现为鸭肝炎的病例,采用琼脂扩散试验进行诊断,结果为阴性。因此判定该鸭场有非I型鸭肝炎病毒存在或有类似鸭肝炎症状的未知病毒的存在。     

中药方剂对雏鸭病毒性肝炎防治效果的试验

目前，雏鸭病毒性肝炎(DVH)除用高免抗血清治疗外，中药方剂也得到了广泛应用，而且取得了较好的效果。我院禽病门诊采用中药方剂鸭肝散水煎汁饮服及拌料饲喂治疗鸭病毒性肝炎，与高免血清的疗效作对比，得出鸭肝散水煎汁饮服疗效较好，与高免血清的疗效无明显差异(P＞0.05)，并通过大量的临床应用证实(目前已使用600多例)，疗效稳定，而且使用方便，成本仅为高免血清的一半，也是目前治疗雏鸭病毒性肝炎的一种行之有效的方法。鸭肝散拌料饲喂，效果稍差。报告如下： 1　材料和方法 1.1　鸭肝散的组成及用法　每副中药的基础方为：茵陈50g，龙胆草20g，黄芩20g，黄连20g，黄芪20g，板蓝根20g，柴胡苗20g，神曲50g，陈皮30g，甘草20g，再根据具体情况适当加减，其功用主要是清热解毒，育阴养肝，健脾燥湿、疏肝理气。用法：每100羽鸭每天一副，水煎汁，供鸭自由饮服，连用3天，或拌料饲喂，连喂3天。病重鸭，水煎汁用注射器或滴管喂服。     

作为水貂、狐饲料的禽副产品

1鸡肝和鸭肝鸡肝和鸭肝中粗蛋白含量(17.84%和6.54%)低于猪肝和牛肝(20%),但从氨基酸组成可以看出,鸡肝和鸭肝中必需氨基酸含量丰富,尤其含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸+胱氨酸)超过0.5%。鸡肝与鸭肝相比,氨基酸组成相近,但鸡肝中的脂肪含量高。在准备配种期内,为了控制体况,可以用鸭肝等量替代鸡肝保证在蛋白水平不变的情况下降低脂肪的量,从而使日粮的总能下降;相反如为了增加种兽体肥度可以用鸡肝。肝脏无机盐含量较高,饲喂量要适量,日粮中过量使用,能引起毛皮动物腹泻,消化不良。水貂和狐日粮中常用量为15～30克,狐最大用量不要超过50克。2鸡架和鸭…     

鹅、鸭肥肝的加工和生产

肥肝是鹅、鸭经过强制育肥后形成的肝脏,营养丰富,味道鲜美,质地柔嫩.与普通的鹅、鸭肝相比,肥肝的甘油三酯含量增加176倍,磷脂增加4倍,核酸增加1倍,酶活性增加3倍.这些成份对人体十分有益.因此,肥肝及其产品是国际上畅销的高档食品.     

Demonstration of non-inferiority of a novel combination intramammary antimicrobial in the treatment of clinical mastitis

AIM: To test the non-inferiority of a novel combination intramammary product containing penicillin and cloxacillin to a reference intramammary product containing oxytetracycline, oleandomycin, neomycin and prednisolone with regard to bacteriological cure and clinical cure.

METHODS: Clinical cases of mastitis were sourced from 30 spring-calving dairy farms in the Southland region of New Zealand. Affected quarters were infused three times at 24 hourly intervals with either the novel combination product containing 1?g penicillin and 200?mg cloxacillin, or a reference product containing 200?mg oxytetracycline, 100?mg oleandomycin, 100?mg neomycin and 5?mg prednisolone. Cows were enrolled when a farmer detected a case of clinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected for microbiological culture immediately before treatment (Day 0) and on Days 9, 16 and 23. Bacteriological cure was compared for 187 and 178 quarters treated with the reference and novel product, respectively, and clinical cure was compared for 235 and 223 quarters, respectively. Non-inferiority was assessed by calculating the difference in cure rates between the two products and constructing a 95% CI around the difference, using the variance inflation factor to account for herd level clustering. The non-inferiority margin was 20% for both bacteriological and clinical cure. Generalising estimating equation models were used to determine predictor variables.

RESULTS: The bacteriological cure percentage, adjusted to account for herd-level clustering, was 8.5 (95% CI=?1.7–21.8)% higher for quarters treated with the novel than the reference product. The adjusted clinical cure percentage was 0.3 (95% CI=?11.2–12.0)% higher for clinical quarters treated with the novel than the reference product. Bacterial species was the only covariate for bacteriological cure (p=0.003), and quarter score at enrolment (indicating udder inflammation) was the only covariate for clinical cure (p=0.032) in the multivariable models.

CONCLUSION: The novel combination product was demonstrated to be non-inferior to the reference product with regards to both bacteriological cure and clinical cure.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians treating mastitis now have access to this novel combination intramammary product, and demonstration of its non-inferiority compared to the existing reference product will provide options for treatment approaches. The novel product contains fewer antimicrobials; which are of a narrower spectrum of activity.     

表达H5N1亚型禽流感HA、NA、 M1基因的重组杆状病毒的鉴定

为证实插入了禽流感HA、NA、M1、M2、NP基因的重组杆状病毒的表达物为具有禽流感形态的病毒样颗粒,对表达产物进行电镜、Western Blot、ELISA检测。蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化表达产物,电镜观察,可见禽流感病毒样颗粒;以Western Blot方法用HA、NA、M1抗体检测表达产物和纯化产物,可见特异性条带;NA多抗为捕获抗体、HA单抗为检测抗体建立夹心ELISA方法,检测表达产物,结果为阳性。结果显示,插入了禽流感HA、NA、M1、M2、NP的重组杆状病毒能够表达禽流感病毒样颗粒。     

表达鸡马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白B基因重组鸡痘病毒毒种的纯净性检验及冻干疫苗的保存期测定

为了检测高效表达鸡马立克氏病病毒gB基因的重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV-gB/R)的纯净性,对纯化后的0代重组病毒毒种进行了细菌和支原体检验;并对中间试制的冻干疫苗在-20℃保存期进行了测定。结果表明,重组病毒毒种高度纯净,没有污染任何细菌或支原体,符合新制品制造和检验规程申报的要求;中试冻干疫苗在-20℃保存了12个月,病毒含量始终大于109PFU/mL,疫苗保存期可达12个月。     

甘肃省农产品加工业竞争力评价研究

构建了农产品加工业竞争力评价指标体系,应用因子分析法对甘肃省12类农产品加工行业的竞争力进行了实证研究。结果表明,甘肃省农产品加工业发展高度反映出资源导向型的开发战略,农产品加工业各行业竞争力呈现分化特征。传统农产品加工业竞争力已不复存在,因而,加快发展方式转变,促进其转型升级成为必然。以区域特色农产品为主要原料的新型农产品加工业竞争力优势显著,但市场开拓相对滞后,产品产销衔接不畅以及加工设备、技术落后导致的资源利用效率低下成为影响其竞争力进一步提升的关键因素。     

不同吸附剂对黄曲霉毒素B_1吸附效果的研究

作者通过体外试验和动物饲养试验,研究3种吸附剂对黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的吸附效果.3种吸附剂分别是吸附剂A(主成分为酵母培养物提取物)、吸附剂B(主成分为水合铝硅酸盐)、吸附剂C(为复合物,主成分为酵母培养物及水合铝硅酸盐).体外试验研究pH为2.0、6.0、8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS溶液)、人工胃液和肠液环境下3种吸附剂对AFB1的吸附能力,比较pH 8.0条件下3种吸附剂对AFB1的结合速率.结果表明,各种条件下吸附剂B的吸附能力最强.pH 8.0条件下,吸附剂B在10 min内对AFB1吸附率达到97.69%,且60 min内吸附率一直处在96.03%以上.吸附剂A和吸附剂C对AF BI的作用效果较吸附剂B弱.动物饲养试验选择240只1日龄健康雄性AA肉仔鸡,随机分为8个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只鸡,饲养周期21 d.结果表明,与基础组相比较,AFB1组(污染水平为98.8 μg/kg)肉仔鸡生长性能和肝脏功能发生显著变化,吸附剂A、B、C均能不同程度地缓解AFB1对肉仔鸡生长性能和肝脏损伤方面的毒性作用,与吸附剂A、C相比,吸附剂B能更有效的防止肉仔鸡黄曲霉毒素B1中毒.结果提示,使用吸附剂B能很好的降低AFB1对肉仔鸡的危害程度.     

Flow cytometric study of oxidative burst activity in bovine neutrophils

A flow cytometric procedure was evaluated to measure the oxidative burst activity (hydrogen peroxide formation) of bovine neutrophils. The method involves measuring the oxidation of intracellular dichlorofluorescein to fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF). Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was used to perturb the neutrophil plasma membrane. The sources of variation introduced into the DCF assay were also examined. The sources of variation were attributable to the isolation of neutrophils from blood, variation between duplicate assays and duplicate flow cytometric determinations of oxidative product formation, variation in neutrophil oxidative product formation among cows, and the variation (over repeated daily and weekly neutrophil isolations) in neutrophil oxidative product formation. A final objective was to determine effects of dexamethasone on oxidative product formation, and whether differences existed between blood and mammary neutrophils in oxidative product formation. There was an increasing trend in the formation of DCF with increasing time of incubation and with increasing PMA concentration. Increasing the concentration of PMA decreased lag time and increased the rate of oxidative product formation. The increase in DCF formation was statistically significant up to a PMA concentration of 10 ng/ml. This concentration was considered optimal for bovine neutrophils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Evaluation of IgG concentration and IgG subisotypes in foals with complete or partial failure of passive transfer after administration of intravenous serum or plasma.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of an equine plasma product i.v. and a concentrated serum product i.v. to deliver antibodies to 46 foals with failure of passive transfer (FPT). Treatment of FPT was as per manufacturers recommendations, using plasma (950 ml/unit) or a concentrated serum product (250 ml/unit). Significant variables affecting the 3 day post-transfusion serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of foals included body weight, pretransfusion IgG concentration, number of product units transfused, foaling season and product administered. Plasma treatment had a greater increase in post-transfusion serum IgG concentrations compared to the serum product treatment mainly because plasma contained approximately twice the amount of IgG per unit as the serum product. The change in equine influenza virus and tetanus toxoid-specific IgGa, IgGb, and IgG(T) titres was measured in foals from pretransfusion to 3 days post-transfusion. For each gram of IgG transfused, the change in antigen-specific IgG subisotypes were similar for both treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that similar foal serum IgG concentrations can be achieved 3 days post-transfusion by administering 1 unit of plasma or 2-3 units of serum product.     

Evaluation of disinfectants with the addition of antifreezing compounds against nonpathogenic H7N2 avian influenza virus.

In the winter of 1997 and 1998, in the midst of the H7N2 avian influenza outbreak in Pennsylvania, producers added antifreeze or windshield washer fluid to disinfectant solutions in wash stations to prevent freezing. The purpose of this study was to determine if the addition of these products to the disinfectant solutions would have deleterious effects. Four disinfectants (two phenols, one quarternary ammonium, and one combination product: quarternary ammonium and formaldehyde) and one sodium hypochlorite detergent product currently used in the poultry industry were studied. Each product was diluted according to the manufacturer's recommendation in sterile distilled water and compared with dilutions of the disinfectants with the addition of antifreeze products (ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) or windshield washer fluid for their effectiveness in killing nonpathogenic H7N2 avian influenza virus. All products diluted according to the manufacturer's recommendation killed the nonpathogenic H7N2 avian influenza virus in this test system. The phenol products and the quaternary ammonium product were still efficacious with the addition of the antifreeze containing ethylene glycol. Both the combination product and the sodium hypochlorite detergent had decreased efficacy when the ethylene glycol product was added. When the propylene glycol product was added, the efficacy of all disinfectants remained unaffected, whereas the efficacy of the sodium hypochlorite detergent decreased. With the addition of the windshield washer fluid (methyl alcohol), all products remained efficacious except for the combination product.     

表达鸡马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白B基因重组鸡痘病毒毒种的纯净性检验及中试冻干疫苗的保存期测定

为了检测高效表达鸡马立克氏病病毒gB基因的重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV-gB/R）的纯净性,对纯化后的0代重组病毒毒种进行了细菌和支原体检验;并对中间试制的冻干疫苗在-20℃保存期进行了测定。结果表明,重组病毒毒种高度纯净,没有污染任何细菌或支原体,符合新制品制造和检验规程申报的要求;中试冻干疫苗在-20℃保存了12个月,病毒含量始终大于109PFU/mL,疫苗保存期可达12个月。     

我国兽医诊断制品管理概况与监管建议

为提高兽医诊断制品的有效供应和质量，全面总结国内兽医诊断制品现状，对比研究国内外诊断制品管理情况，分析当前国内兽医诊断制品存在的主要问题，并有针对性地提出了监管建议。