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利用固定样地每木定位调查数据和相关分析统计软件,对小陇山林区油松天然林的结构特征进行了分析。结果表明:油松天然林树种组成丰富,群落中共出现18个树种,油松占绝对优势,但样地树种隔离程度较低,属于弱度混交。油松天然林的直径分布为多峰山状曲线,油松种群的直径分布近似于正态分布,可用3参数Weibull分布拟合;树高随胸径的增大而增加,胸径与树高的关系可运用幂函数进行拟合。林分中油松个体的胸径、树高和冠幅的大小分化差异明显,整体上表现为中庸状态;油松天然林林木分布格局为随机分布,油松种群分布格局也为随机分布。 相似文献
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北京八达岭油松人工林结构分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用传统林分结构因子配合混交度、大小比、角尺度3参数来分析北京八达岭林场油松人工林空间结构特征.结果表明:该林分的树种组成式为8油松1槲树1山梨 暴马丁香,林分密度为1 325 株/hm2.林分的平均角尺度为0.478,林分立木空间分布格局为随机分布.平均混交度为0.433,不同树种间呈现中度混交,种间隔离程度较小.林分平均胸径大小比为0.389,平均树高大小比为0.464,说明处于优势地位的株数较多,林分分化明显,且林分的发展空间还很大.胸径大小比数和树高大小比数在反映各树种参照树与相邻木之间的生长优势方面具有较强的一致性. 相似文献
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异速模型评估森林植被生物量有机碳储量 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在孟加拉的吉大港南部森林地区,利用异速模型评估森林植被的有机碳的储量.异速模型被分别应用测试树木(被划分两个胸高直径级)、灌木和草本植物.采用基部面积估算胸高直径级为从> 5 cm 到 ≤ 15 cm 和> 15 cm树木的生物量有机碳储量模型最好,分别有很高的决定系数(胸高直径级> 5 cm 到 ≤ 15 cm 的r2 为0.73697,胸高直径级> 15 cm 的r2为0.87703),且回归系数(P = 0.000)显著.其它模型(包括采用树高,胸高直径,树高和胸高直径,以及综合树高、胸高直径和木材密度)的线性和对数关系都表现出很低的决定系数.分别建立了20种优势树种的异速模型,采用树木基部面积的模型都得到很高的决定系数值.单独采用灌木和草本植物总生物量的异速模型有较高的决定系数(灌木的r2 为0.87948,草本植物的r2 为0.87325),且回归(系数)性显著(P = 0.000).生物量有机碳的评估是复杂的和耗时的研究,本研究所建立的异速模型可以应用于孟加拉和其它热带(地区)国家的森林植被的有机碳储量的测算. 相似文献
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基于2005年森林资源一类清查数据,分析了六盘山区辽东栎林分结构和空间分布特征。结果表明:辽东栎林在六盘山主要分布于海拔1 900-2 300 m范围内,坡度为20-35°的半阴坡、半阳坡和阴坡上,与山杨林的分布生境相近。现有的辽东栎林多为幼龄林,平均林龄30 a,林分密度较大,平均1 046株·hm-2,树木平均高度7.8 m,平均胸径12.4 cm。胸径5-10 cm的辽东栎株数占50%以上,平均木材蓄积量仅为 39.9 m3·hm-2。随着海拔升高、坡位从坡上部到坡下部,坡向从半阴坡到半阳坡,林分密度增大,平均树高和胸径增加,这主要是因为沿此梯度林龄在增加,而且随着年龄的增加,辽东栎林的平均胸径以0.8 cm·a-1的速度增大,作为主要先锋伴生树种的山杨在林内的比重则下降,说明六盘山区的现有辽东栎林正处于正向演替阶段,更趋稳定。建议对辽东栎林采取近自然林业的管理方式,减少不利的人工干预,加速培养近自然森林。 相似文献
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关帝山次生林区典型植物群落物种多样性垂直分布研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了分析和探讨海拔对植物多样性的影响,沿海拔梯度(1600–2600m),设定14个样地,对每个样地内对植物物种进行调查。结果表明:随海拔升高,群落优势种变化依次为:辽东栎、油松、白桦、红桦、华北落叶松和云杉。群落内乔木树种的平均树高和胸径表现为先增大后减小,最大树高和胸径表现为单峰变化。群落内不同生活型树种(针叶树和阔叶树)的最大树高表现为先增大后减小.阔叶树最大胸径无明显变化规律,针叶树最大胸径不断减小。中海拔群落内,针叶树种的最大树高和胸径高于阔叶树种。群落的Shannon-wiener指数和Margalef指数均表现为单峰变化,中海拔群落(1900–2200m)植物多样性最高,高于低海拔群落(1600–1900m)和高海拔群落(2200–2600m)。Shannon-wiener指数和Margalef指数反映出的植物α多样性变化与海拔高度显著相关。在研究地区,植物多样性变化与群落所处的海拔显著相关,此外,还与群落结构、物种组成、树种特性和人为干扰有关。图8表3参13。 相似文献
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Biao Zhou Shengying Zhu Zijun Mao Xiuwei Wang Xizhu Zhao Yuanfa Sun 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2007,2(2):136-142
The Maoershan forestry centre is situated in the Zhangguangcai Mountain of the Changbai mountain range. The main forest types
in the Maoershan region are plantation (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus koraiensis and Larix gmelinii) and natural secondary forests (Fraxinus mandshurica, Quercus mongolica and Populus davidiana). Fine roots have enormous surface areas, growing and turning over quickly, which plays an important role in terms of substance
cycling and energy flow in the forest ecosystem. This study deals with the dynamics of live, dead, and total fine roots (≤
5 mm) biomass in the 0–30 cm soil layer using the soil core method. Differences between the six stands in the Maoershan region
showed the following results: 1) the fine root biomass in the various stands showed obvious differences. The total fine root
biomass of six stands from high to low were F. mandshurica (1,030.0 g/m2) > Q. mongolica (973.4 g/m2) > Pinus koraiensis (780.9 g/m2) > L. gmelinii (718.2 g/m2) > Populus davidiana (709.1 g/m2) > Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (470.4 g/m2); 2) except for L. gmelinii, the development of live fine root biomass agreed with the trend of total fine root biomass. The maximum biomass of live
fine roots in Pinus koraiensis or L. gmelinii stand appeared in May, others in June; in the F. mandshurica stand, the minimum biomass of live fine roots occurred in September, others in July or August; 3) the proportions of dead
fine root biomass varied in different stands; 4) the vertical distribution of fine roots was affected by temperature, water,
and nutrients; the proportion of fine root biomass was concentrated in the 0–10 cm soil layer. The fine root biomass of six
stands in the 0–10 cm soil layer was over 40% of the total fine root biomass; this proportion was 60.3% in F. mandshurica. Space-time dynamics of the various stands had different characteristics. When investigating the substance cycling and energy
flows of all forest ecosystems, we should consider the characteristics of different stands in order to improve the precision
of our estimates.
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Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(6): 13–19 [译自: 林业科学] 相似文献
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[目的]研究不同强度采伐下马尾松的生长动态,筛选适宜的采伐强度,为马尾松人工林近自然经营提供技术支撑。[方法]2007年10月在14年生马尾松人工林(保存密度1 100株·hm~(-2))内进行采伐试验,设置4个采伐强度,即保留密度分别为225、300、375、450株·hm~(-2),以不采伐为对照;其后,自2008年开始连续8 a,每2 a测定1次马尾松的胸径、树高、枝下高和冠面积等生长指标,并计算单株材积和林分蓄积量,应用方差分析和Duncan多重比较分析生长指标对不同采伐强度的动态响应。[结果]表明:采伐强度显著影响林分生长,其中,林分平均胸径、单株材积、冠面积的年均增长量随保留密度增大而减小,但均显著高于对照(P0.05)。采伐后第1 3年,马尾松冠面积增长量显著高于采伐后期,胸径则在采伐后第3 5年最高,而不同采伐强度对林分树高生长影响不明显。保留密度显著影响林分枝下高和蓄积量的动态变化,其年均增长量随密度增大而递增。5个处理间林分蓄积年均增长量的差异随林龄的增大而逐渐缩小。[结论]马尾松人工林生长对不同强度采伐的动态响应以树冠最敏感,冠面积首先陡然增大,进而引起胸径的快速生长。树高和枝下高在采伐后年均增量变化相对平稳。4个采伐强度均显著促进单株材积生长,而仅保留密度为225株·hm~(-2)的采伐对林分蓄积增长量影响显著。综合比较林分的单株材积和林分蓄积连年增长量,建议在桂西南15年生马尾松人工林近自然经营中宜选择300株·hm~(-2)的保留密度进行采伐。 相似文献
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采用5个处理3次重复的完全随机区组设计对闽楠、裂斗锥与马尾松混交林生长效应进行研究。结果表明:混交对林木生长有促进作用,混交林中闽楠的胸径、树高、林分生物量明显高于闽楠纯林,混交林中裂斗锥的胸径和林分生物量也显著高于裂斗锥纯林,两种混交林林分生物量均高于各自纯林;不同林分林下植被生物量大小排序为混交林大于纯林,混交林均不同程度的提高了林下植被生物量和凋落物量。 相似文献
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In order to study the effect of tree crop intercropping on a young plantation of Populus tomentosa in the plains along the Yellow River, field experiments were conducted by observing the growth of the plantation, the nutrient
content in leaves, the nutrient and water content in the soil, and the output of crops. The relationship between forest growth
and nutrient content in the tree leaves and the soil were analyzed. Results show that tree crop intercropping in young plantations
can not only improve soil water content, but also enhance the contents of organic matter and the available nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium in soil resulting in the vigorous growth of the individual trees. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was positively
related to the contents of organic matter in the soil, and the contents of N, P and K in the tree leaves had correlation coefficients
of 0.967, 0.955, 0.988 and 0.972, respectively. Whole tree leaf area, crown width, number of branches and the mean length
of branches in the intercropped plantation (intercropped with watermelon and vegetables, peanut and winter wheat, and soybean)
were, respectively, 1.70–3.0 times, 2.22–2.47 times, 1.0–1.41 times and 1.70–2.32 times of those of CK (without intercropping).
Diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height in the intercropped plantation were 50.5%–136.7% and 27%–59.5% higher than
those of the CK, respectively. The study also showed that intercropping with watermelon and vegetables proved to have the
highest economic return among the treatments adopted. Tree crop intercropping in young plantations is an effective measure
to increase forest growth and economic benefit.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 81–85 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
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The structural diversity of forests on Baihuashan Mountain, Beijing, was surveyed by a plotless method combined with branch
and leaf coverage estimation in the different layers. New structural indices were constructed, calculated and compared among
different communities. On the basis of previous work, structural diversity of forest communities at the stand level was described
by a vertical complexity index and a horizontal heterogeneity index. From a correlational analysis among the new indices and
other commonly used biodiversity indices, we concluded that the new indices are closely related to a tree height inequality
index and the Shannon-Wiener index of the tree and shrub layer, which indicated that the new indices were good at indicating
structural diversity in the different forests on Baihuashan Mountain. The results show that, in natural forests, structural
diversity of pioneer communities is much lower than in late successive communities. In plantations, structural diversity is
determined by the stage of development and tree species. Tending would increase horizontal heterogeneity and decrease vertical
complexity.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(1): 7–13 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
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Han Y.H. Chen Songling Fu Robert A. Monserud Ian C. Gillies 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,255(12):3980-3984
Tree mortality is a poorly understood process in the boreal forest. While large disturbances reset succession by killing all or most trees, background tree mortality was hypothesized to be affected by competition, ageing, and stand composition. We tested these hypotheses on jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) mortality using data from long-term repeatedly measured permanent sample plots collected between 1952 and 1989 in Ontario, Canada. The probability of mortality over a 5-year period was modeled using logistic regression with the maximum likelihood estimation employed for parameter estimation. Relative competitiveness measured as the ratio of individual tree diameter at breast height (DBH) to mean stand DBH explained more variation in mortality than stand age did. Mortality increased rapidly with decreasing DBH ratio. A U-shaped mortality pattern with stand age was found while stand composition had no effect on mortality. Developed by using a residual sequential regression approach, our final mixed-effects model with a 81% model correctness of mortality prediction conclusively demonstrated that relative competitiveness is the key determinant for jack pine mortality. 相似文献
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A forest biomass yield table based on an empirical model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tomohiro Nishizono Toshio Iehara Hirofumi Kuboyama Miki Fukuda 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(3):211-220
We report an empirical model for estimating unutilized wood biomass, and its application to Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and Larix kaempferi in Tohno City, Iwate Prefecture, northeast Japan. Outputs from the model are the quantity of unutilized wood biomass and merchantable volume produced by timber harvest. The unutilized wood biomass is divided into stumps, tops, branches, foliages, small trees, and unutilized stems due to their defects. Inputs to the model are mean diameter at breast height (DBH), mean tree height, trees per unit area, and timber utilization standards. DBH distribution, DBH–height curve, stem form, bark thickness, and relationship of stem biomass to foliage and branch biomass could be described by the proposed model, indicating its validity. The proposed model enables us to develop the forest biomass yield tables modified from the existing stem volume yield tables. The developed forest biomass yield tables indicated that the unutilized wood biomass due to defects accounted for the largest part of the whole unutilized wood biomass, and that the ratio of unutilized parts in stem volume to total stem volume could vary with stand age and site productivity class. Based on a comparison of the developed forest biomass yield tables with those reported previously, we concluded that the proposed model-based forest biomass yield table would be useful for estimating the quantity of unutilized wood biomass. 相似文献
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Root biomass and root distribution were studied in Entisols derived from the thick deposition of volcanic pumice on Hokkaido
Island, Japan, to examine the effect of soil conditions on tree root development. The soil had a thin (<10 cm) A horizon and
thick coarse pumiceous gravel layers with low levels of available nutrients and water. Two stands were studied: a Picea glehnii–Abies sachalinensis stand (PA stand) and a Larix kaempferi–Betula platyphylla var. japonica stand (LB stand). The allometric relationships between diameter at breast height (DBH) and aboveground and belowground biomass
of these species were obtained to estimate stand biomass. The belowground biomass was small: 30.6 Mg ha−1 for the PA stand and 24.3 Mg ha−1 for the LB stand. The trunk/root ratios of study stands were 4.8 for the PA stand and 4.3 for the LB stand, which were higher
than those from previous studies in boreal and temperate forests. All species developed shallow root systems, and fine roots
were spread densely in the shallow A horizon, suggesting that physical obstruction by the pumiceous layers and their low levels
of available water and nutrients restricted downward root elongation. The high trunk/root ratios of the trees may also have
resulted from the limited available rooting space in the study sites. 相似文献
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用样方法,研究了小陇山林区5种典型灌木林地改造模式的乔木树种天然更新幼苗的密度和多样性。结果表明:5种灌木林地改造模式的乔木树种天然更新情况总体良好,小于50 cm高度级幼苗数量相对较少,大于50 cm高度级幼苗的存活率较高;5种改造模式天然更新树种以锐齿栎为主,其中,全面割灌改造日本落叶松(模式3)更新幼苗物种丰富度最高,全面割灌改造油松模式(模式2)天然更新树种丰富度最小;带状割灌改造模式(模式4和模式5)和全面割灌改造华山松模式(模式1)的更新树种多样性较高,各树种分配均匀,优势树种的集中性较低;改造树种华山松的天然更新能力较油松日本落叶松强,带状割灌改造模式更有利于华山松天然更新。 相似文献
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Variation of traits that include height, diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume, crown width, straightness, wood basic
density, tracheid length and width of open-pollinated progenies from clonal seed orchard of Pinus massoniana was analyzed. Differences in traits such as growth, tree form and wood quality among families was significant, which indicated
that the improvement potential was notable. Heritability of height and wood basic density reached 0.691 and 0.640, respectively.
According to a correlation analysis between traits, stem straightness could be improved indirectly when growth traits are
improved; growth traits were significantly correlated with wood basic density; and wood basic density was not significantly
correlated with length and width of the tracheid. Under the selection ratio of 10%, genetic gains were 19.74% and 19.32% respectively,
and selected families from the progeny test stands at the age of five years and eight years were the same. Genetic correlation
of height, DBH and stem volume was also significant at the level of 0.01. These show that selection of the short rotation
of P. massoniana for pulp and paper use would be efficient for five-year-old trees. According to the comparison of the heritability of all
the traits and taking into account the result of canonical correlation analysis, height could be considered as the most important
index for selection. Given wood quality of all the families, and flowering and fruit settings of the clones in a seed orchard,
twelve fine families were selected at 10% selection ratio of height growth and stem volume.
Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 43–49 [译自: 林业科学] 相似文献