动力分布式技术在燃气输配系统中应用探讨

基于动力分布式技术,与燃气输配系统相结合,对两者进行了介绍,根据其特点提出了动力分布式燃气输配系统,并对动力分布式技术在燃气输配系统的应用做了可行性分析。     

基于动力分布式燃气输配系统水力耦合分析

针对动力分布式燃气输配系统进行了简要阐述,基于水力工况结合其水力特点及水力耦合现象,对动力分布式燃气输配系统进行了深入系统化的研究。指出了对比传统燃气输配系统,动力分布式燃气输配系统所设置的动力设备相对较多,水力耦合出现概率相对较高,水力耦合作用更为显著。将动力分布式燃气输配系统水力耦合作用作为研究对象,通过对水力工况分析、水力耦合计算分析,总结得出了结论,为实际工程提供理论依据。     

动力分布式二级泵供热系统的水力计算方法分析

指出了动力分布式二级泵供热系统的水力计算首先应该确定零压差点位置,然后再进行各环路的水力计算,最后利用其计算结果确定循环泵。从动力分布式供热系统与传统集中供热系统的差异出发,探讨了两者水力计算方法的不同,然后对动力分布式二级泵供热系统的水力计算步骤进行了详细完整的分析,以期为以后的动力分布式系统的工程设计提供参考。     

动力分布式二级泵供热系统在环状管网的应用分析

为研究动力分布式二级泵供热系统在环状管网的应用效果,阐述了动力分布式二级泵供热系统在环状供热管网应用的形式,比较了传统枝状热网和环状热网的区别,以及动力分布式二级泵供热系统的原理、水压图及运行方式。并同传统环状管网进行了能耗对比,结果表明:环状管网和动力分布式二级泵供热系统的结合既提升了供热系统的可靠性,也达到了节能的目的。     

去耦罐在动力分布式供热系统中的应用探索

指出了去耦罐是水系统采暖中平衡一次循环及二次循环的重要原件,保证循环的相对独立。详细阐述了动力分布式供热系统中水力耦合作用,结合去耦罐的功能、作用及运行方式,分析了其在动力分布式供热系统中的适用情况。提出了将去耦罐与动力分布式供热系统相结合的探索。     

DCS系统在燃气输配控制中的应用研究进展

为探讨DCS系统在燃气输配控制中的应用,并分析其通过实时监测和控制关键参数来提高系统效率和安全性的能力。采用DCS系统对天然气输配网络进行实时监测和控制。通过对天然气管道的压力、温度、流量等关键参数进行实时采集和调节,确保系统运行在稳定、高效的状态。同时,利用DCS系统的强大数据采集、处理和分析能力,对输配过程中的故障和异常情况进行快速诊断和处理,以提高故障排除的效率。此外,DCS系统还支持网络化和远程控制功能,实现对不同地理位置的天然气输配网络的集中监管和管理。结果表明：通过应用DCS系统,燃气输配控制实现了高效、准确和可靠的管理。实时监测和调节关键参数确保了系统运行的安全性和稳定性。快速诊断和处理故障和异常情况提高了故障排除的效率。网络化和远程控制功能实现了对不同地理位置的天然气输配网络的统一监管和管理,提高了管理效率。DCS系统在燃气输配控制中的应用具有重要意义和潜力。通过实时监测和控制关键参数,可以提高系统的效率和安全性。然而,该系统的应用也面临一些挑战,如高成本、技术难题以及应急处理等方面的问题。因此,需要进一步的技术研发和应用实践来不断提升DCS系统的性能和可靠性,以更好地...     

无人机航摄成图技术在山杏种质信息采集上的应用

利用无人机对山杏种质资源库中心点位置和明显标志进行航摄,通过对飞行参数和相机参数的优化,将Pix4D软件应用于图像上刺出轮廓控制点→快速处理检查→控制点刺点加密的工作流程中,极大提高了刺点效率和成图精度,实现了缩短调查工期、减少工作量、降低成本.     

高速公路供配电施工技术

在一个高速公路项目中,供配电是实现整条高速公路正常运行的重点,它是实现高速公路正常运行的动力源泉,所以,供配电工程施工质量的好坏直接决定整条公路的最终使用效果,一个完整、可靠的供配电系统除了需要在施工中对原材料及设备的质量进行严格控制外,更要对各施工内容的关键质量控制点进行严格控制才能实现。     

基于PCI软件的正射纠正及控制点选取技术探讨

地形起伏较大区域的高分辨率遥感图像需要经过正射纠正才能应用,不同的卫星有不同的轨道模型,获取的遥感数据的位置控制参数也不同。介绍了使用PCI处理各种数据的模型选择,以及不同情况下的模型变通。控制点选取与所采用的参照、所处的区域相关,按不同的参照、不同的区域,提出了控制点选取的要点。同时阐述了控制点调整对正射纠正后的图像将产生的影响。     

基于SOA的移动GIS分布式森林监护报警系统研究

在对面向服务架构深入研究的基础上,基于SOA进行分布式监测报警系统体系结构设计,并对森林监护报警系统进行研究,实现森林监护的智能化、分布式管理。将面向服务架构的思想应用到移动GIS森林监护系统中,降低了系统的复杂度和耦合度,提高了系统的适应性,优化了资源利用率,提高了森林监护系统的运行效率。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.