一例湖羊巴氏杆菌病诊断与防治

羊巴氏杆菌病又称羊出血性败血病,其主要的发病因素是由于巴氏杆菌的感染,由一些急性或慢性感染引起,虽然所有年龄段和类型的羊都有可能会患有该病,但此病较多见于幼龄羊及羔羊,但湖羊感染此病的风险则相对较小。发生该病的湖羊主要特点是肠炎、体温上升、内脏器官大量出血和肺炎,其感染源是携带细菌的羊或病羊,利用分泌物和粪便排除病毒,同时通过其他健康易感的呼吸道、消化道及皮下伤口引起传染,进而导致疫情的大面积蔓延。为进一步实现朝阳县湖羊巴氏杆菌病的有效防治,该文从当地的实际发病情况出发,探讨湖羊巴氏杆菌病的临床症状及防治措施等,以期为朝阳县的科学防控提供理论性依据。     

一例湖羊巴氏杆菌病的诊治

大田县桃源镇某湖羊养殖场部分羔羊出现精神沉郁、发热、食欲减退、消瘦、咳嗽、呼吸困难症状.根据发病情况、临床症状、剖检变化及涂片染色诊断为羊巴氏杆菌病,采取综合防治措施后,有效控制了疫情,取得较好效果.     

绵羊支原体性肺炎的诊治

羊支原体性肺炎又称羊传染性胸膜肺炎,是一种主要感染山羊的疾病,绵羊感染该病罕见报道.2001年1月,靖江市一养羊户从浙江省某地调进湖羊106只(其中母羊101只,多为怀孕绵羊),入场后第5天发现一只公羊流浆液性鼻涕,咳嗽,体温升高,食欲减退,经常反复.进场约20天发现65%的羊只体温升高,部分羊呼吸困难,并有5只发生流产,1只母羊死亡.根据临诊症状,剖检变化及血清学等诊断为羊支原体性肺炎.现报道如下.     

羊脑包虫病诊断及防治技术

羊脑包虫病也称羊多头蚴病，是一种中枢神经系统的寄生虫病，也是一种人畜共患病，本病分布广泛，发病率和死亡率比较高，给养羊业造成较大的经济损失，目前国内外对羊脑包虫病的诊断及防治技术还有很多不足之处，有些免疫学诊断方法尚未在生产实际中推广应用，治疗方法仍停留在常规手术摘除阶段，造成诊断困难，治愈率低，为研究出切实可行的羊脑包虫病诊断及防治技术，笔者自1979年以来，开始研究羊脑包虫诊断及防治技术，现已成功地摸索出较为实用的羊脑包虫病诊断及防治技术，此方法操作简单，便于实地推广应用，是目前国内外对羊脑包虫病实现早期科学诊断和早期治疗较为理想的综合防治措施。     

湖羊疾病的预防措施

湖羊是我国著名绵羊品种，也是世界著名的多胎稀有绵羊品种，主要分布于江、浙、沪两省一市交界的太湖流域，以浙江湖州、嘉兴和江苏苏州养殖较盛。它四季发情、繁殖力高，具有白色水波状花纹，早期生长快，性成熟早，耐舍饲、耐湿热等生物学特性。笔者所处的吴江市，湖羊养殖100头以上的规模养殖户已达95户，全镇湖羊存栏2万头以上。做好羊病的预防工作是实现养羊业经济效益的关键，要搞好羊病预防工作，必须坚持综合性防治措施，把羊的饲养管理同防疫工作紧密结合起来。为此必须搞好以下工作：     

湖羊在福建省清流县的适应性观察

为了进一步壮大福建省肉羊产业，为全省推广实施肉羊规模化舍提供实践经验，2011年9月份，在福建省农业厅的帮助下，清流县首次从浙江省余杭区湖羊种羊场引进成年种母羊38只、种公羊2只，经过27个月舍饲后，该群湖羊数量已增加至328只。2013年初，清流县又从浙江省海宁市湖羊种羊场引进成年种母羊50只、种公羊2只，经过11个月舍饲后，该群湖羊数量已增加至178只。     

和田地区湖羊子宫内膜炎的调查与治疗

羊子宫内膜炎是一种常见且危害非常严重的生殖系统疾病,可导致母羊空怀、死胎或流产,严重影响养羊业的经济效益。为了更好地掌握和田地区某羊场湖羊子宫内膜炎的发病率,对和田地区某羊场7 065只湖羊进行子宫内膜炎发病率调查并进行治疗。结果表明：该羊场湖羊子宫内膜炎发病率为0.31%,其中A、B区分别为0.34%、0.28%,不同羊舍之间发病率有差异,治愈率分别为91.67%、100.00%。该调查数据有助于农业相关部门更好地了解湖羊子宫内膜炎发病率,指导羊养殖户有效防治湖羊子宫内膜炎。     

湖羊和考力代羊生殖器官及卵巢发育的研究

选择健康、发情正常的成年湖羊(3只)进行测试,以考力代羊(3只)作为对照。分别在发情后的7～8天摘除卵巢称重并观察排卵数;再经10～15天后屠宰羊只测定子宫重、子宫长度及子宫的子叶数;经苏木精—伊红染色后,在显微镜下观测各期卵细胞的直径及子宫腺密度和直径。测试结果表明:湖羊和考力代羊的子宫重、子宫长度、子宫腺数目及各时期卵细胞直径无明显差异;而子宫角中子叶数与卵巢重及子宫腺直径差异显著;湖羊卵巢上正常卵泡数所占百分率以及正常卵泡数与闭锁卵泡数的比值均高于考力代羊。     

湖羊及其不同杂交组合生长性能、产肉性能及肌肉品质比较分析

旨在比较湖羊及其与南丘羊和无角陶塞特羊杂交F₁代生长性能、产肉性能及肌肉品质的差异。在相同营养水平和饲养管理条件下单栏饲养3月龄左右的湖羊(♂湖羊×♀湖羊,HH)、陶湖F₁代羊(♂陶赛特羊×♀湖羊,TH)和南湖F₁代羊(♂南丘羊×♀湖羊,NH)公羔各16只。饲喂试验共95 d,包括15 d预试期。正试期开始后每天记录每只羊的采食量,每20 d测定一次体重及体尺指标。饲喂试验结束后,每个群体选择接近组内平均体重的7只试验羊屠宰,测定屠宰性能、胴体性状和肌肉品质,并计算育肥效益。结果表明：1)整个试验期间,陶湖F₁代和南湖F₁代羊的体重显著高于湖羊(P<0.05);试验结束时,与湖羊相比,陶湖F₁代羊的日增重显著升高,而饲料转化率显著降低,陶湖F₁代和南湖F₁代羊的体高显著降低,而胸围和管围均显著升高(P<0.05)。2)与湖羊相比,陶湖F₁代和南湖F₁代羊的宰...     

由瘤胃瘘管手术引起的破伤风

笔者在某牧场搞试验期间遇到一起因做瘤胃瘘管手术而感染的破伤风病例，报告如下。１　发病情况　某场因试验研究需要，１９９５年５月从某湖羊场引进青年湖羊４只，饲养２周后进行瘤胃瘘管手术，用于对湖羊瘤胃环境和稻草利用率的试验研究。手术后创口常规处理，并注射青链霉素防止继发感染，但没有注射精制破伤风抗毒素，１周后拆线，创口愈合良好。拆线后有３只湖羊先后发病，其中２只很快死亡，另１只经治疗后病情得到缓解。２　临诊症状　病羊初期常不由自主卧下或站立，食欲减退，容易受惊，只饮少量清水。几天后病羊出现尾根高举，两…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …