50%丰登稻草失防除抛秧田杂草试验

５０％丰登稻草失可湿性粉剂防治抛秧田杂草,防效显著高于对照药剂５０％稻特利可湿性粉剂和１０％苄黄隆可湿性粉剂,稻草失药后２２ｄ的株防效为７７．３％￣９１．２％,鲜重防效为８２．５％￣９３．５％;尤其对莎草和鸭舌草的防效达１００％,其次是对稗草的防效,株防效为８０．０％￣９３．３％。鲜重防效为７６．２￣８８．５％。在生产上建议每６６６．７ｍ＾２用３５￣５０ｇ。     

几种抛秧田除草剂防除水稻免耕抛秧田田间杂草药效对比试验

对几种抛秧田除草剂进行防除水稻免耕抛秧田田间杂草药效对比试验,结果表明,53%苯噻酰.苄可湿性粉剂30g/666.7m2和35%苄.丙草可湿性粉剂60g/666.7m2能较好地防除水稻免耕抛秧田田间稗草、阔叶杂草和莎草,药后40d对杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均在80%以上。在推荐用量下,对水稻安全。     

16%抛秧保防除水稻抛秧田杂草效果及对水稻产量的影响

１６％抛秧保可湿性粉剂的有效成份为苄黄隆和乙草胺。但施用苄·乙除草剂防除水稻抛秧田杂草的试验，报道较少。为此，我们于１９９９年５～７月进行了１６％抛秧保防除早稻抛秧田杂草的效果试验，现将结果总结如下。 １材料与方法 １．１供试药剂 １６％抛秧保可湿性粉剂（浙     

肥床旱育抛栽稻田杂草发生与防除研究初报

抛栽不会改变田间杂草的种类及基本群落特征，特定抛、栽密度下杂草自然出草量也未发生显著变化。但抛栽使莎草出高峰推延了２天左右，对稗草则无影响。药剂试验表明，以有效成分计，丁草胺５０－７５ｇ与苄黄隆１．０－１．５ｇ混用、丁恶合剂３０ｇ药土法施药，可安全有效地防除多种旱育抛栽田效很好，且保交显著。     

苄·戊·异丙隆防除直播稻田杂草的效果

50%苄.戊.异丙隆可湿性粉剂在水稻直播田播后苗前施用,可有效地防除稗草、千金子、异型莎草、鸭舌草、节节菜等禾本科杂草、莎草科杂草和阔叶杂草,用量1 500 g/hm2,施后45 d对各类杂草株防效、鲜重防效均高于对照药剂30%苄嘧.丙草胺1 500 g/hm2、1%口恶嗪草酮悬浮剂4 500 mL/hm2。50%苄.戊.异丙隆可湿性粉剂1 500 g/hm2防除水稻直播田杂草效果较好。     

科技文摘

早稻抛秧田杂草发生规律调查/戴余有…(浙江省绍兴市农业科学研究所312001)∥浙江农业学报.－1999，11(5).－234～237　　调查结果表明：由于抛栽秧苗时，要求田面呈湿润状，不宜灌水，且持续3～4d，在此期间稗草和阔叶杂草开始萌发，尤其稗草正是出草高峰期，为主要危害杂草。在抛秧后5d，秧苗立身，必须灌浅水，直接抑制陌上菜、节节菜等阔叶杂草的继续生长，抑制率较高，而稗草已达1叶1心期以上，受抑制程度明显较低。因此，防除抛栽稻田杂草在抛栽后5～7d是关键时期，应在此时灌水用药。(何立)　　10％世高防治大棚番茄叶霉病试验/王永…     

10%苄嘧磺隆·异丙草胺可湿性粉剂对水稻抛秧田杂草的防除作用

由于水稻移栽方式的改变,华南地区抛秧稻田的杂草危害逐年加重,严重影响水稻的产量和品质。为此,采用大田药效试验的方法,研究10%苄嘧磺隆·异丙草胺可湿性粉剂对于华南地区抛秧早稻和晚稻田杂草的防除效果、最佳使用剂量及其安全性。结果表明:10%苄嘧磺隆·异丙草胺可湿性粉剂在水稻抛秧7 d左右进行药土法施药,推荐使用剂量101.25~112.50 g a.i./hm2,对水稻抛秧田稗草、鸭舌草、碎米莎草等常见杂草有较好的防效,具有显著的除草增产效果。     

威农防除抛栽稻田多年生杂草试验小结

我县稻田杂草以稗草、鸭舌草为主 ,部分田莎草发生较重。近几年来 ,水稻抛栽面积逐年扩大 ,草害也逐年加重 ,特别是莎草科杂草。为了寻求经济、安全、有效的控制抛秧田莎草的除草剂 ,我们进行了药剂筛选试验。1　材料与方法1 1　供试药剂30 %威农ＷＰ (美国杜邦公司生产 )、1 0 %农得时ＷＰ(美国杜邦公司生产 )、1 0 %灭草王ＷＰ(江苏金坛农药厂生产 )、5 6 % 2甲4氯ＷＰ(辽宁抚顺农药厂生产 )。1 2　试验处理试验共设 1 1个处理 :(1 ) 1 0 %灭草王ＷＰ1 0 ｇ/亩 ,抛后 7ｄ施药 (以下简称灭草王1 0 ) ;(2 ) 1 0 %农得时ＷＰ1 0 ｇ/亩 ,抛…     

神锄及其混剂防除水直播稻田杂草的效果

神锄为新型稻田除草剂,为了明确神锄及其混剂的药效、施用时期、施用方法,于1992年进行了小区试验,现小结如下。一、材料与方法供试药剂有:50％神锄可湿性粉剂、10％苄嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂、33％神锄+苄嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂(均为昆山化工厂产)。试验设50％神锄400、600、800克/公顷,于稗草2～3叶期喷雾;33％神锄+苄嘧黄隆666.7、1000.0、1333.3克/公顷,于稗草2～3叶期喷雾;10％苄嘧黄隆200、300克/公顷,于稗     

几种药剂防治抛秧田杂草试验

用稻草畏２号（５３％苯噻酰、苄可湿性粉剂）、抛秧一次净（３０％丁、蔼可湿星粉剂）、省力宝（１０％环庚、苄可湿性粉剂）和抛秧田除草剂（２０％丁,蔼显性粉剂）４种药剂作抛秧田除草试验。抛秧田除草剂和稻草畏２号两处理防效相当,对单、双子叶杂草的防效,药后２０天仍达９０％以上,持效比较长省力宝和抛秧一次净两处理对单子叶杂草的防效,药后２０天也达９６．１％和９５．９％,对双子叶杂草的了效在药后１０天时分别为     

高度和地点对性引诱剂诱集桔小实蝇雄虫效果的影响

观察研究了番石榴园桔小实蝇性引诱剂诱捕器悬挂高度和生态环境类型对诱集效果的影响。结果表明,诱捕器的悬挂高度一般应在1m以上,如果树较高,则应悬挂到不低于果树平均高度的0.5～1m;诱捕器的设置位置明显影响诱集结果,若要进行种群动态监测,诱捕器应设置在当地有代表性的果园区,且最好在果园内、果园外都设点进行诱捕。     

(4-亚甲基-5-羰基-3-四氢呋喃基)-苯甲酸甲酯衍生物的合成及其杀菌活性

为了探索天然产物Cedarmycins衍生物的结构与活性关系,以α-亚甲基-β-羟甲基-γ-丁内酯为起始原料,经过与不同取代的羧酸缩合,合成了19个新的(4-亚甲基-5-羰基-3-四氢呋喃基)-苯甲酸甲酯衍生物。杀菌活性测定结果表明,该类衍生物具有广谱的杀菌活性,尤其对水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani和辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici显示出很强的杀菌活性,其中化合物2e(R=2,4-2Cl)对这2种病菌的EC50值约为1.6 mg/L。     

Cross-resistance profile of mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant Italian ryegrass in the southern United States

Diclofop-resistant Lolium species (ryegrass) is a major weed problem in wheat production worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the resistance pattern of diclofop-resistant ryegrass accessions from the southern United States to mesosulfuron-methyl, a recently commercialized herbicide for ryegrass control in wheat; to determine the cross-resistance pattern of a Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) accession, 03-1, to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors; and to determine the resistance mechanism of Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl. Seventeen ryegrass accessions from Arkansas and Louisiana, including standard resistant and susceptible accessions, were used in this experiment. Fourteen of the 17 accessions were more resistant (four- to > 308-fold) to diclofop than the standard susceptible biotype. One accession, 03-1, was resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl as well as to other ALS inhibitor herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, imazamox and sulfometuron. Accession 03-1, however, did not show multiple resistance to the ACCase inhibitor herbicides diclofop, fluazifop, clethodim, sethoxydim and pinoxaden, nor to glyphosate. The in vivo ALS activity of the 03-1 biotype was less affected by mesosulfuron-methyl than the susceptible biotype. This indicates that the resistance mechanism of Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl is partly due to an alteration in the target enzyme, ALS. It is concluded that diclofop-resistant ryegrass in the southern United States can be generally controlled by mesosulfuron-methyl. However, mesosulfuron-methyl must be used with caution because not all ryegrass populations are susceptible to it. There is a need for more thorough profiling of ryegrass resistance to herbicides.     

农药残留分析中的提取新技术

本文介绍了近些年来, 农药残留检测分析中的加速溶剂提取法（ＡＳＥ） 、微波加热提取法（ＭＡＥ） 、超临界流体提取法（ＳＦＥ）、微型固相提取法（ＳＰＭＥ） 等一些新的提取技术的特点。     

苯磺隆·甲磺隆·氯磺隆混合物的液相色谱分析

本文以甲醇 水 冰乙酸为流动相，采用C18不锈钢柱，检测波长240nm，对苯磺隆、甲磺隆、氯磺隆混合物进行反相高效液相色谱定量分析。该方法的标准差别分别为0.081、0.013和0.013，变异系数为0.886%、0.268%和0.256%，回收率为99.39%、99.29%和99.28%，线性相关系数为苯磺隆r=0.9994、甲磺隆r=0.9992、氯磺隆r=0.9991，线性方程为苯磺隆y=1360088.17x 1389384、甲磺隆y=972186.69X-21262.8、氯磺隆y=789773.50X 86258.8。     

Physical, chemical and environmental properties of selected chemical alternatives for the pre-plant use of methyl bromide as soil fumigant

Production and use of methyl bromide, a soil fumigant, are being restricted because of this chemical's deleterious effects on stratospheric ozone concentrations. Several products, some of which are currently used as soil fumigants, are being considered as possible replacements for methyl bromide, alone and in various combinations. Among these, 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl isothiocyanate generators such as metam-sodium, and chloropicrin are currently registered, while others such as methyl iodide and sodium azide are at different stages of the registration process. This review examines physicochemical properties, environmental fate, and metabolism of the various potential methyl bromide replacement products.     

PIRA-PCR for detection of Fusarium graminearum genotypes with moderate resistance to carbendazim

PIRA-PCR ( p rimer- i ntroduced r estriction a nalysis PCR) was developed to detect isolates of Fusarium graminearum with moderate resistance to carbendazim, a methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC)-group fungicide. Two primer pairs were designed and synthesized according to the nucleotide sequence of the β ₂-tubulin gene from F. graminearum. Fragments of 164 bp were amplified by nested PCR from isolates differing in carbendazim sensitivity. A Hin dIII restriction enzyme recognition site was introduced artificially by inner primers to detect a mutation at codon 167, and Taa I ( Tsp 4CI) restriction enzyme was used to detect a mutation at codon 200. The sensitivity of isolates to carbendazim was determined by analyzing electrophoresis patterns of the resulting PCR products after simultaneous digestion with both Hin dIII and Taa I. Results from PIRA-PCR and a conventional method (mycelial growth on agar) were identical but PIRA-PCR required only 7–8 h while the conventional method required 5–7 days. This study demonstrates that PIRA-PCR not only monitors the appearance of moderately resistant isolates, but can be useful for detecting genotypes of F. graminearum with moderate resistance to carbendazim.     

新型植物抗旱剂——2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸的抗旱应用效果研究

水杨酸是植物内源性诱导生长调节物质,在植物体内起到调节植物气孔开闭、增强植物SAR系统抗性的的作用。本研究针对我国大部份地区农作物受干旱气象条件影响逐年严重干旱的实际情况,采用2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸(英文缩写ASA)为研究对象的制剂用于农作物水稻、大豆、玉米、马铃薯上的抗干旱影响,保持稳产、高产的试验结果。     

大麦黄花叶病的分子生物学与基因工程研究——Ⅱ.大麦黄花叶病毒抗性突破株系的分子分析

大麦山黄花叶病毒抗性突破株系的出现克服了已有大麦抗性基因的作用。本研究通过对大麦黄花叶病毒原株系和抗性突破株系RNA1中包含NIa蛋白酶基因的1Kb区段进行克隆和序列分析,比较两株系的序列差异。表明两者间核苷酸水平的同源性为97.2％,氨基酸水平的同源性为97.3％。根据存在的这些微小差异,人工合成具有株系特异性的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)引物,建立PCR检测系统,以期在大田黄花叶病毒株系鉴定中应用。