加强蚕种质量管理实现标准化生产

蚕种是茧丝绸产业的基础。蚕种质量的好坏不仅关系到制种单位的利益,而且影响茧丝绸产业的发展。近年来,我们从源头入手,加强蚕种管理,逐步建立完善了质量管理体系和管理制度,提高了蚕种质量,加快了蚕种生产标准化、规范化进程,确保了蚕桑产业的健康发展。1山西省蚕种生产现状1.1蚕种生产山西省栽桑养蚕历史悠久,目前全省有蚕种场3个,2005年改制现代化蚕种场1个。全省蚕种繁育能力为30万张,实际生产蚕种为13万张左右,原种生产场有2个,可满足本省饲育原蚕所需。除山西省蚕研所外,均采用了合作制种的形式。全省有蚕种冷库3个,冷藏蚕种的容量为…     

新世纪重庆蚕丝业发展问题与对策

重庆蚕丝业在 2 0世纪 80年代末期至 90年代中期居全国第四位 ,不仅是重庆出口创汇的重要支柱 ,也是财政和蚕农收入的重要来源。我国“入世”后 ,蚕丝业是重要的受益行业 ,面临巨大的市场需求与发展空间。根据中央西部大开发战略 ,结合我国丝绸产业结构调整、东桑西移的历史机遇和重庆得天独厚的茧丝绸资源 ,就新世纪重庆蚕丝业发展存在的问题和应采取的措施谈几点意见。1　重庆蚕丝业的发展现状及问题1 .1　现状在重庆 40个区县 (市 )行政区划中 ,有养蚕的区县 (市 ) 35个 ,蚕种场 2 7个 ,蚕种冷库6座 ,年制种能力 1 30余万张、年冷藏能力2…     

合理制种布局提高种场经济效益

蚕种场必须根据蚕桑发展对蚕种的需要组织生产,生产出对路、优质、高产的蚕种,才能立足不败之地.垫江种场在这方面作出一些探索和研究,即合理制种布局,适应农村养蚕布局的调整,提高房屋设备利用率,确保蚕种质量,扩宽种场生存和生活的空间,为我场的生存和发展创造了条件.     

浙江蚕种业改革回顾与发展方向

1 浙江蚕种业概况 蚕种是蚕桑生产和茧丝绸产业的基础.浙江的蚕种生产历史悠久,技术先进,品质优良,不仅为浙江茧丝绸行业的发展奠定了坚实的基础,也为推动我国蚕种业改革和发展做出了杰出的贡献.伴随着蚕桑生产的发展,浙江蚕种制造业逐步形成了与蚕桑相配套的一项独特产业.早在清代,浙江制种技术已渐趋完善,余杭、嵊县、新昌、诸暨等地都是历史上著名的蚕种产区.1897年杭州蚕学馆的创立更标志着近代蚕种业的开始.此后,微粒子母蛾镜检法在浙江开始得到推广,专业蚕种场也开始得到发展.1912年在杭州成立农事试验场并设蚕种场.1915年创建浙江省立原蚕种制造场.1927年两场合并扩充为浙江省蚕种试验场.1924年开始生产一代杂交种,此后逐年推广.1929年全省制种量约8.15万张,1931年全省已有蚕种场75所.     

蚕种生产质量管理改革的探索

蚕种生产是茧丝绸行业的基础工程。蚕种质量不仅关系到蚕种场的利益 ,而且影响到整个茧丝绸行业的发展 ,因此 ,提高蚕种质量尤为重要。我场是苏北桑蚕良种繁育的重要基地之一。九十年代以来 ,蚕种质量时好时坏 ,生产徘徊不前。我们分析了影响蚕种质量的主要原因 ,到１９９８年 ,实行了一系列的改革 ,几年的实践表明改革卓有成效（表１）。１影响蚕种质量要素的剖析１．１职工思想认识长期处于计划经济时代 ,综合素质不高 ,竞争意识不强 ,质量观念淡薄 ,加之蚕种生产的特点是季节性强、技术要求高、工序繁多 ,生产中每一个细节都会影响蚕种质…     

对我市蚕种生产现状的剖析及对策

随着我国沿海农村经济发展水平的不断提高 ,蚕茧生产区域结构调整势在必行。国家茧丝办拟定 ,在中西部地区 ,利用国家“退耕还林种草”的政策 ,有规划、分步骤建立一批优质蚕茧基地 ,稳定我国丝绸在国际市场上的地位。这一政策 ,再次调动了我市各级党、政领导和农民发展栽桑养蚕的积极性 ,发种量必将迅猛增长。养蚕业要发展 ,蚕种必先行 ,是众所周知的 ,但如何使蚕种适应养蚕用种的需要 ,特别是蚕种质量是蚕种场的立足之本 ,而蚕种的质量与成本又是蚕种场在市场竞争中的重要筹码 ,笔者为使蚕种能适应我市养蚕用种之需要 ,对我市蚕种生产的现…     

江苏省蚕种场可持续发展的思路和措施

蚕种生产是茧丝绸行业最基础的行业,蚕种行业随着茧丝绸行情的涨跌而起伏。江苏省由于近几年桑园面积的萎缩,蚕种饲养量的下降,造成了蚕种场生产能力的过剩;加之蚕种管理体制的深化改革,配套措施、法律法规不能及时跟上,造成了蚕种     

加强措施 控制僵病

<正> 我省蚕桑生产发展很快,蚕种的需要量逐年增加,但原有蚕种场的设备有限,不能满足农村养蚕发展的要求。近年来,部分蚕种场陆续在农村设立原蚕区,生产原蚕种茧,运回种场制种,为解决蚕种供应开辟了新途径。我分场于80年开始建立两个原蚕点,饲育蚁量1006克,82年发展为四个原蚕点,饲养蚁量3040克。从原蚕占生产的种茧质量看,是符合省定标准的。但有些原蚕     

盐城市提高蚕种生产水平的实践与体会

90年代中期,随着微粒子病的爆发以及茧丝绸行业的严重滑波,蚕种生产规模萎缩,生产风险增大。蚕种场生产举步艰难,如何降低生产成本,控制生产风险,提高经济效益,维持生产运转,改善职工生活是摆在每一位蚕种工作者面前新的课题。几年来,我们深化种场内部改革,加     

提高蚕种质量的措施探讨

<正>蚕种质量优劣直接影响栽桑养蚕的经济效益,关系着蚕种生产单位的生存与发展,实现蚕种优质高产,是蚕种场追求的最高企业理念。蚕种生产单位必须创造良好的饲养环境,以防病为中心,精心管理,坚持质量第一的原则,加强蚕种生产过程的监督管理和彻底贯彻各项技术措施,想方设法提升蚕种质量。近几年,通过各方面努力,杭州蚕种场克蚁单产、蚕种微粒子病毒未检出率(即无毒率)不断提高,蚕种淘汰率逐年降低,综合质量指标一直名列浙     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.