驴场发生非感染性关节炎的病例报告

对于54头发生疑似关节炎病例样本进行了检测。采取驴膝关节组织液和血液样品进行常规细菌和支原体的分离鉴定,检测其血液常规指标、血清生化指标和IL-1β、TNF-α等炎性因子的含量变化。样本中没有检测到常见的致关节炎病原菌和马支原体。与对照组相比,患病动物血液中WBC、Lym、Neu值增高(P<0.05),血清中ALP值升高差异极显著(P<0.01),CK和AST显著升高(P<0.05)。IL-1β、TNF-α和PGE2等炎性因子含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结合这些种公驴长期处于硬地面的临床观察,诊断为非感染性炎症。     

不同海拔地区马鹿血液生理生化指标分析

为了比较不同海拔地区马鹿的血液生理生化指标,试验根据马鹿生长的海拔高度将4个品种马鹿分为两组,分别为低海拔组(天山马鹿、阿尔泰马鹿)和高海拔组(青海马鹿、甘肃马鹿),采集血液后,分别测定各组12项血液生理指标和14项血液生化指标。结果表明：在12项血液生理指标中,高海拔组的血红蛋白浓度、红细胞总数、血细胞比容、红细胞分布宽度变异系数极显著高于低海拔组(P<0.01),血小板总数显著高于低海拔组(P<0.05),平均血小板体积、血小板分布宽度略高于低海拔组但差异不显著(P>0.05),平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、平均红细胞体积、红细胞分布宽度标准差、血小板压积极显著低于低海拔组(P<0.01)。在14项血液生化指标中,高海拔组的血尿素氮浓度、钙浓度、总蛋白浓度、白蛋白浓度、白蛋白/球蛋白、碱性磷酸酶活性极显著高于低海拔组(P<0.01),肌酐浓度、谷氨酰转移酶活性、总胆红素浓度、胆固醇浓度极显著低于低海拔组(P<0.01);磷离子浓度、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性、血糖浓度、球蛋白浓度在两组之间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明不同海拔地区马鹿的...     

高原过渡期白萨福克绵羊血液生理生化指标的测定

为了研究高原过渡期白萨福克绵羊的机体状况,为其转运至青藏高原进行饲养奠定基础,测定了高原过渡期白萨福克绵羊的血液生理生化指标。结果表明:白萨福克绵羊各项指标均处于我国正常生长绵羊的血液指标范围内,红细胞平均容积公母羊间差异显著(P<0.05),其他19项指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

德系西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛及其杂种后代血液生理生化指标的比较分析

为探究德系西门塔尔牛、荷斯坦牛及其杂交后代血液生理生化指标状况及差异,选择5月龄、体重150~200 kg的健康公牛15头,其中荷斯坦公牛、西×荷杂种一代公牛(简称西荷杂种牛)、德系西门塔尔公牛各5头,育肥372 d后屠宰测定其各项血液生理生化指标。结果显示:德系西门塔尔牛红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积均显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),白细胞、中性细胞数、中性细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞比率处于居中水平;荷斯坦牛白细胞、红细胞平均体积均显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),中性细胞数、中性细胞比率极显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),嗜碱性粒细胞比率则极显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.01);西荷杂种牛白细胞、游离甲状腺素、皮质醇均显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.05),淋巴细胞数、淋巴细胞比率、嗜酸性粒细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞数、嗜碱性粒细胞比率均极显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),血小板压积显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05)。在血液生化指标方面,荷斯坦牛血清钾离子显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.05),德系西门塔尔牛游离甲状腺素浓度显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),荷斯坦牛皮质醇浓度显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),其他血液生理生化指标在3组间比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上说明,西荷杂种牛抗病力和抗逆性较强,德系西门塔尔牛代谢旺盛,环境适应性强。     

小梅山猪及其二元杂交猪断奶前后血液指标的检测

为研究小梅山猪及其二元杂交猪断奶前后血液指标的动态变化规律,随机挑选16头健康的35日龄断奶的小梅山仔猪和长梅仔猪(长白×小梅山),每组8头,分别于断奶时、断奶后1 d、3 d和5 d上午采血,检测血清生化和血常规等多项指标。结果:1)小梅山仔猪断奶后,血清生化指标中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白/球蛋白比值(ALB/GLO)、尿酸(UA)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)水平均较断奶前显著升高(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶比值(AST/ALT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、葡萄糖(GLU)水平均显著降低(P<0.05),而碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平断奶前后差异不显著(P>0.05);血常规指标中红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)水平均显著降低(P<0.05),其他指标断奶前后差异不显著。2)长梅仔猪断奶后,ALT、AST、ALP、UA、CK水平显著升高(P<0.05),AST/ALT、TP、GLO、GLU水平显著降低(P<0.05),ALB、ALB/GLO水平断奶前后差异不显著(P>0.05);血常规指标除红细胞压积(HCT)显著降低外,其他指标差异均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。研究表明,生产实际中血液指标可作为判断仔猪应激程度的参考依据。     

母鼠围产期铅暴露对仔鼠组织微量元素含量的影响及乙酰半胱氨酸的保护效应

为观察母鼠围产期铅暴露对仔鼠各组织微量元素含量的影响及N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)的保护效应,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定低水平铅暴露后的仔鼠血液、大脑、骨骼、肝脏和肾脏等组织中的铅、锌、铜、铁、锰和硒等微量元素的含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,染铅组所测组织铅含量均极显著升高(P<0.01),锌含量均极显著降低(P<0.01);肝脏铁含量、肾脏硒含量及骨骼铁、铜、硒含量均显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。NAC拮抗组与染毒组比较,各组织铅含量显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),血液和肾脏锌含量显著升高(P<0.05),其他元素含量无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

乳房炎奶牛血液流变学指标及细胞因子的变化

随机选取63头荷斯坦奶牛,比较研究临床健康奶牛和乳房炎奶牛的血液病理学变化.结果表明:(1)临床型乳房炎奶牛在120,70,50,30 s-1等切变率下全血黏度、全血还原黏度、红细胞变形指数、红细胞聚积指数、红细胞刚性指数等血液流变学指标均显著高于健康奶牛和隐性乳房炎奶牛(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而健康奶牛和隐性乳房炎奶牛各项血液流变学指标均差异不显著(P＞0.05).(2)临床型乳房炎奶牛血清中IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α水平均显著高于健康奶牛(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),临床型乳房炎奶牛血清中IL-8、TNF-α水平显著高于隐性乳房炎奶牛(P＜0.05),而健康奶牛和隐性乳房炎奶牛血清中各细胞因子水平均差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验证实了临床型乳房炎奶牛"血瘀证"的客观存在,乳腺炎症反应参与了血瘀证的形成,血液流变学指标和血清中IL-8、TNF-α可以用作乳房炎诊断和治疗效果的评价.     

蓝刺头黄酮对小鼠血液生理、生化指标和脏器指数、组织病理学的影响

为了研究蓝刺头黄酮对昆明小鼠血液生理、生化指标及脏器指数的影响,评价蓝刺头黄酮的安全性,试验将80只昆明小鼠分为4组,每组20只,即高、中、低剂量组(分别按体重灌胃蓝刺头黄酮400 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、100 mg/kg)和对照组(灌胃纯化水0.5 mL/只),连续用药30 d,试验结束时对小鼠进行眼球采血,测定血液生理、生化指标,处死各组小鼠,计算脏器指数并取肝脏、肾脏制备病理组织学切片,观察病理组织学变化。结果表明：高、中、低剂量组间血常规指标均无显著差异(P>0.05);高剂量组平均红细胞数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),高剂量组和中剂量组血红蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各组血常规指标均在正常范围内。高、中、低剂量组间血液生化指标无显著差异(P>0.05);高剂量组总胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),高剂量组和中剂量组天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性、三酰甘油含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。高、中、低剂量组间脏器指数差异不显著(P>0.05),但高剂量组肝脏、肺脏和心脏指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05...     

健康成年骡血液动力流变学参数的测定

本文首次应用XXG-A型心血管功能测试仪对38匹健康成年骡血液动力流变学进行了测定,应立了健康成年骡血液动力流变学的正常值,经统计学分析,表明公骡与母骡间血液动力流变学诸参数均无差异(P>0.05)。本测定结果可作为健康成年骡上述指标正常值的参考。     

奶牛蹄叶炎与血液生理生化指标的相关性分析

为研究奶牛蹄叶炎与其血液生理生化指标的相关性,采集健康组奶牛15头和蹄叶炎患病组奶牛36头的血样,检测其生理生化指标。结果:患病组奶牛血浆中生化指标总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量和健康组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);而2组间奶牛血液生理指标和其他生化指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。表明奶牛发生蹄叶炎可能与脂质代谢紊乱有密切关系,TC和HDL-C可作为蹄叶炎发病监测的候选指标,并建议通过调节奶牛的脂质代谢平衡来防治蹄叶炎。     

公羊生殖保健对供体母羊超数排卵的影响

为探讨肉用种公羊生殖保健技术对胚胎移植供体母羊超数排卵的影响,本研究以纯种萨福克肉用种公羊为实验材料,分别用保健和未保健种公羊对相同超排方法供体母羊实施常规人工输精和内窥镜输精,对比其超排效果。实验结果表明,内窥镜输精获胚率较高（P〈0.01）,经过保健的公羊处理的供体母羊获胚率高（P〈0.05）,各实验组间胚胎移植妊娠率之间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Evaluation of the Microbiological Status of Milk and Various Structures in Mammary Glands from Naturally Infected Dairy Cows

A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Development and survival of free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats on pasture in the Nigerian derived savanna

Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L₃) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L₃ developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.