饲用型蚕豆云豆90-271不同行比不同密度栽培研究

通过饲用型蚕豆品种云豆90-271的高密度栽培研究,摸索了高密度的不同行比栽培条件下的植株生长动态,各经济性状的变化情况。基本弄清了在高密度下饲用型品种的最佳种植结构。不论是采用大行距还小行距,都以30.0万株/hm2的栽培密度最好,既有利于个体的生长,也有利于群体的发展,从节本增效的角度。种植行距以50 cm最利于个体稳健生长。     

寒地水稻稀植机插深施肥栽培技术

黑龙江省龙江县地处大兴安岭与松嫩平原的过渡地带，资源丰富，幅员辽阔。全年有效积温2680℃，无霜期128天。全县土地面积58万多公顷，其中耕地面积23万多公顷，水稻面积1．87万公顷，占耕地面积的8％。推广旱育稀植以来，本县水稻生产迅速发展。1983年水稻种植面积仅1500多公顷，平均单产2078kg／hm2，总产3140吨；1996年，水稻种植面积扩大到1．87万公顷，平均单产6750kg／hm2，总产12．6万吨。水稻是高产作物，丰产性好，经济效益高，有很大的发展潜力。龙江县地处寒区，不仅水稻生育期短，而且劳力较少，新稻区、水旱兼作区更是劳力不…     

水稻混合稀植栽培技术

目前我国北方稻区水稻栽培方式主要有三种。一是密植栽培 :每ｍ２２８．３～４２．９穴 ,栽插规格为２３．３ｃｍ×１０．０ｃｍ ,２６．６ｃｍ×１３．３ｃｍ ;二是稀植栽培 :每ｍ２１６．７～２５．０穴 ,栽插规格为３０．０ｃｍ×１３．３ｃｍ ,３０．０ｃｍ×２０．０ｃｍ ;三是超稀植栽培 :每ｍ２１２．５穴 ,规格为３０．０ｃｍ×２６．７ｃｍ,４０ｃｍ×２０．０ｃｍ和 (５０．０ｃｍ +３０．０ｃｍ)×２０．０ｃｍ。这些栽培方式各具优缺点 ,密植栽培易于保证单位面积苗数与有效穗数 ,谷草比相对比较小 ,易倒伏 ,成熟率低 ,稳产却…     

论水稻稀植技术

简要回顾了水稻稀植技术的应用与发展，从品种选择、秧苗培育、施肥方法等方面分析了稀植高产的原因。从实践的角度出发阐述了稀植的几种形式及相应的配套技术措施。     

论水稻稀植技术

简要回顾了水稻稀植技术的应用与发展,从品种选择、秧苗培育、施肥方法等方面分析了稀植高产的原因。从实践的角度出发阐述了稀植的几种形式及相应的配套技术措施。     

水稻品种与稀植的关系探讨

通过水稻品种与稀植的关系研究，阐明寒地水稻稀植栽培应选用在当地熟期表现中早熟或中熟、分蘖力较强、穗子偏大、抗逆性强的品种：     

油菜稀植栽培的产量形成及投入/产出效益研究

   为探究山区油菜稀植栽培的推广价值，在湖北省西南部的恩施州设计实验，以甘蓝型油菜品种中油杂12和阳光2009为材料，比较了油菜稀植移栽（D1，1.2万株/hm2）和常规移栽（D2，12万株/hm2）、密植直播（D2，37.5万株/hm2）三种不同种植方式对产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明，D1处理显著提高有效分枝数的数量，提高了株高，增加了茎粗，这些因素构成了产量提高的生物学基础。产量构成因素以单株角果数差异最为显著，D1单株角果数在3 000个以上，而D2为250~285个，D3为130~150个，同时，D1产量分别比D2、D3提高31.27%、26.63%，平均产量在3 000 kg/hm2以上。试验结果还表明，D1所需人工投入较少，分别比D2、D3降低39.5工/hm2、42.5工/hm2，从而使经济效益分别增加7 543.55元/hm2、5 535.73元/hm2，可显著提高投入产出比。因此，在湖北省的山区条件下，稀植移栽可降低生产成本，提高经济效益。     

高株多节大豆稀植高产栽培研究初报

本文对高株多节密英新类型大豆新品系“北方20118”进行了高产栽培试验研究。2001年种植面积为267m^2，共收大豆132kg，折合330kg/667m^2。本栽培技术是增施底肥等距精播，后期补充营养元素。     

蚕豆的若干生育特性与栽培措施的研究

通过采用多个品种多年分期播种和有关栽培试验,探讨了蚕豆的若干生育特性及栽培措施,结果如下:(1)蚕豆每一复叶的小叶数随节位升高而增多,但至一定节位后又依次减少。相同数目小叶的复叶连续出现次数以及起讫节位,因茎别、播期和品种而不同;(2)蚕豆的分支是从茎的基节发生的,每茎只有2个分支,主茎印第1次分支,早播的多为无效。但早播的分支次数多,故最后总有效分支数仍多;(3)蚕豆花序出现的最低节位,11月播种的是与3小叶复叶出现的最低节相当,早播的有所提高。花序的终止节位,一般是与小叶数最多的复叶着生的最高节位相当。每个花序具2～7朵花,不同节位花序的花朵数不同,与各复叶的小叶片数有一定关系。每节位花序由下而上开花,同一花序由内至外开放:(4)豆荚着生的最低节位与花序出现的最低节位相当,最高节位则较花序着生的最高节位略低。各节的豆荚主茎以10～14节、分支以7～11节为最多。蚕豆的落花落荚率较高,摘顶与花期追肥有减少落花落荚的效果;(6)蚕豆过早播种常使隔年早花。早花与主茎或分支在冬前发生的总叶数有关,控制越冬苗龄对防止早花有显著效果。在湖南以10月内播种的产量为高。     

Effect of Dwarfing Induced by Uniconazole-P on Snow Tolerance of the Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Abstract

To clarify the effect of artificial dwarfing induced by uniconazole-P, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, on the snow tolerance of faba bean, we examined the snow damage, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration, and resistance to snow molds of the seedlings treated with uniconazole-P. Artificial dwarfing markedly decreased snow damage caused by continuous snow cover for 62 days. NSC concentration, which affects physiological snow tolerance and snow mold resistance, was lower in dwarfed plants than in non-dwarfed plants. However, there was no difference in the rate of decrease of NSC concentration between dwarfed and non-dwarfed plants under cold and dark conditions simulating snow cover. In inoculation tests, the lesions of Pythium iwayamai and Sclerotinia trifoliorum on the leaves detached from dwarfed plants were shorter than those on the leaves from non-dwarfed plants. In artificially dwarfed plants, the leaves were thicker and darker in color, and mesophyll cells were larger and denser than those in the non-dwarfed plants. Our findings suggest that the artificial dwarfing caused by uniconazole-P increased the resistance of the leaves to snow molds, thereby increasing snow tolerance, without increasing NSC concentration. The microstructural changes that occur with dwarfing may be a factor in snow tolerance.     

Study of some resistance mechanisms to Orobanche spp. infestation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) breeding lines in Tunisia

The behavior of seven faba bean breeding lines toward Orobanche foetida and Orobanche crenata infestation was examined under field, pots, and in vitro conditions and compared to reference cultivars. The breeding lines presented resistance reaction to Orobanche spp. in different experiment conditions. In infested field by O. foetida, the grain yield reduction ranged from 55.7 to 83% for the breeding lines compared to 97% for the susceptible cultivar Badï. Lines L6 and L7 were the less affected by Orobanche parasitism considering severity, number of emerged Orobanche, and yield. In pots, the number of attachments varied from .6 to 3.4 and from 1.4 to 6.4 for the breeding lines against 10.4 and 12.3 for Badï inoculated, respectively, by O. foetida and O. crenata. In Petri dish experiment, Orobanche germination reached the highest rates; 69.9 and 59.7%, respectively, with O. crenata and O. foetida for Badï. For the breeding lines, it ranged from 6.3 to 44.9% for O. crenata and from 4.8 to 40.8% for O. foetida. Moreover, all breeding lines showed low tubercles number and delay in Orobanche attachments as compared to Badï. All breeding lines, except L5, maintained an acceptable level of resistance to Orobanche species manifested by a reduced Orobanche germination rate, low Orobanche number and dry weight, delay of attachments, and higher grain production compared to Badï. L5 seems to be less resistant even it behaves better than Badï in different culture conditions. The studied breeding lines could be recommended as resistance sources or candidates for varieties registrations.     

盐胁迫对蚕豆植株光合性能和渗透调节能力的影响

用0、50、150、250 mmol/L NaCl处理蚕豆幼苗一定时间后,分别测蚕豆植株的光合性能,根、茎、叶的含水量、渗透势以及有机渗透调节物质可溶性糖和脯氨酸的含量.结果表明:随盐处理浓度的增加,蚕豆叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均降低,胞间CO2浓度则呈上升变化趋势;蚕豆根、茎、叶的含水量和渗透势逐渐降低,渗透调节能力增强;可溶性糖的含量均高于对照,且在50 mmol/L NaCl条件处理下可溶性糖含量最高;脯氨酸的含量除在50 mmol/L NaCl条件下稍有下降外,随盐处理浓度的增加也大幅度增加.     

中国马铃薯种植技术发展的方向—标准化栽培

开展马铃薯标准化种植是提升我国马铃薯产业的主要措施,详细分析制约马铃薯标准化生产的原因,从管理、科技两个层面提出了今后马铃薯标准化生产的主要措施,并指出加快我国马铃薯种植技术标准化的步伐在工作目标上要明确"三个服务",工作方法上强化"三个结合",工作重点上要实现"三个转变"。     

Effect of domestic processing,cooking and germination on the trypsin inhibitor activity and tannin content of faba bean (Vicia faba)

The effects of domestic processing methods like soaking for 12 h dehulling, ordinary cooking of whole as well as dehulled seeds at 151bs/inch² pressure for 15 and 25 min, and germination for 24, 36 and 48 h were observed on trypsin inhibitor (TIA) and tannin content of two varieties of faba bean viz. VH-131 and WF. A non-significant reduction in TIA was observed on soaking and dehulling, while tannins showed a reduction of 42 and 51% on soaking in VH 131 and WF, respectively. Dehulled seeds showed a decline in tannin content by 70 to 73% in two varieties. There was a significant reduction in TIA (75–76 per cent) and tannin (76–81%) on cooking, while autoclaving for 25 min almost completely eliminated both of these stress factors. Germination of seeds for 48 h led to a reduction of 64–65% in TIA and 90–91% in tannins, which was more than germination for 24 and 36 h. Soaked seeds gave positive results of both these antinutrients.     

深两优5814在云霄县种植表现及丰产栽培技术

深两优5814系用Y58S与丙4114(B4114)杂交配制而成的籼型两系杂交稻品种,2009—2011年引进福建省云霄县种植,表现产量高、稳产、米质优等特点。介绍了该品种在云霄县种植表现及栽培技术要点。     

岳优9113在龙海市种植表现及高产栽培技术

岳优9113是湖南省岳阳市农科所用自选不育系岳4A与恢复系R9113杂交育成的早稻迟熟品种，2007年在龙海市东泗乡种植表现产量高、米质优、适应性广等特点。介绍了岳优9113在龙海的种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

春优84在建阳种植表现及高产栽培技术

春优84系中国水稻研究所和浙江农科种业有限公司用春江16A与C84杂交选育而成的籼粳三系杂交稻品种,南平市建阳区将口镇于2013年、2014年引进试种,大田表现长势旺盛,茎秆粗壮,丰产性好,抗逆性较强,适宜作单季晚稻种植。总结了春优84在建阳种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

广两优676在上杭县示范种植表现及高产栽培技术

广两优676是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所用广占63-4S与福恢676杂交选育而成,属籼型两系杂交水稻,2013年通过国家农作物品种审定,2014年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2014—2015年在上杭县示范种植,表现生育期适中,株型好,产量高。介绍了广两优676在上杭示范种植表现及高产栽培技术要点。     

甬优17在宁德示范种植表现及高产栽培技术

甬优17是浙江省宁波市农业科学研究所和宁波市种子有限公司共同选育的粳型三系优质杂交水稻新品种,2014年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2014—2015年宁德市蕉城区引进作单季中稻示范种植,表现出长势整齐、株型适中、茎秆粗壮、穗粒数多、着粒紧密、高产质优等特点。总结了甬优17在宁德示范的种植表现及高产高效栽培技术。