Study on Chemical Components and Properties of Radial Chinese Fir

The variability of main chemical composition of radial Chinese fir was studied. Analysis of variance showed that variance was significant, especially for holocellulose and α-celluloSe; the hblocellulose content in heart wood was lower than that in sapwood; the lignin content decreased from Position t to Position 3, but increased gradually from Position 4 to Position 8; the a ~ cellulose content in heart wood was lower than that in sapwood; and the relative crystallinity was 59.97% in Position 1, 60i80% in Position 2, and about 42% in others.     

Improving Acacia auriculiformis seedlings using microbial inoculant （Beneficial Microorganisms）

A microbial inoculant, known as effective microorganisms(EM), was applied to determine its efficacy on seed germination and seedling growth in the nursery of Acacia auriculiformis A Cunn. ex Benth. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cow dung(3:1) and kept in polybags; EM was poured at different concentrations(0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%). Seed germination rate and growth parameters of seedlings – shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, vigor, volume, and quality indices and sturdiness – were measured. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed, along with the measurement of pigment contents in leaves. The highest germination rate(72%) was observed in 2% EM solution while the lowest(55%) was found in control treatment. The highest shoot and root lengths(30.6 cm and 31.2 cm respectively) were recorded in 2% EM and were significantly(p 0.05) different from control. Both fresh and dry weights of shoots were maximum(8.66 g and 2.99 g respectively) in 2% EM, whereas both fresh and dry weights of root were maximum(2.56 g and 1.23 g respectively) in 5% EM solution. Although the highest vigor index, volume index, and sturdiness(4450, 628 and 67.5 respectively) were found in 2% EM, the highest quality index(0.455) was found in 5% EM solution. The nodule number was higher at a very low(0.5%) concentration of EM but it normally decreased with the increase of concentration. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid were maximum(43.26 mg?L-1, 13.56 mg?L-1and 17.99 mg?L-1 respectively) in 2% EM. Therefore, low concentration of EM(up to 2%)can be recommended for getting maximum seed germination and seedling development of A. auriculiformis in the nursery.     

四种杨树扦插苗的硝酸还原酶活力体内衰减的初步研究

硝酸还原酶(NADH:NR E.C.1.6.6.1)是植物体内同化硝酸盐的关键酶,可作为作物育种和营养诊断的生化指标。在木本植物方面,硝酸还原酶的研究正在不断向广度和深度发展。     

正交设计在杨树最佳遗传转化体系的建立

本试验以建立的南林95杨高频再生体系为基础,利用正交试验设计,通过GUS组织染色分析法研究了预培养时间、茵液浓度、As浓度、侵染时间和共培养时间5个因素在4个水平上对南林95杨遗传转化的影响,并探讨了南林95杨转化中添加卡那霉素的适宜浓度。运用DPS软件对试验结果进行分析,建立了杨树遗传转化体系。结果表明：外植体预培养7d,在含As200μmol／L的茵液浓度为0．6的农杆菌液中侵染20rain,共培养3d为最佳遗传转化体系,适宜的卡那霉素筛选浓度为50mg／L;本试验共获得6株转化植株,经GUS染色检测和PCR分析表明．GUS基因已初步整合进入南林95杨基因组中。     

杨树木质素合成酶hct基因的克隆及核苷酸序列分析

根据毛果杨全序列（AC185363.2）中唯一具有转移酶功能的保守区设计引物,以正在分化的2年生欧美杨107次生木质部总RNA为模板经RT-PCR扩增出hct基因片段,与pMD20-T载体连接,重组质粒经特异引物扩增、限制性内切酶酶切和测序鉴定。结果表明,扩增片段长度为709bp,包含一个708bp的开放阅读框,与毛果杨全序列及HCT2（EU603314）的同源性均为98%,编码的氨基酸序列与毛果杨HCT2氨基酸（ACC63883.1）的同源性为98%,断定我们克隆的cDNA为hct,属于转移酶超家族,GenBank登录号为FM202091,该重组质粒命名为pMD20-T-hct。     

山东省临沂地区杨树人工林地位指数表的编制

山东省临沂地区杨树人工林地位指数表是于1986年冬至1987年春,收集了25株69杨、72杨和健杨优势木树干解析和104块临时标地材料编制而成。选用lgH=a+b(1/A)公式为导向曲线数学模型;标准年龄定为8a;指数级距2m;级数8个(12—26m)。采用树高相对值法导出各指数级各年龄树高值,经检验此法精度较高,符合生长快、伐期短的杨树生长规律,可供该地区林业部门试用。     

章古台沙地彰武小钻杨造林试验

为了营造生态经济型固沙林,以银中杨、小美旱杨、黑林-1杨和樟子松等树种为对照,选择彰武小钻杨在不同沙丘部位进行造林试验。试验表明:在平缓沙地彰武小钻杨生长量比较高,树高和胸径分别为银中杨的91.8%和104.2%,为黑林-1杨的105.9%和120.6%,为小美旱杨的112.5%和195.2%;在沙丘下部彰武小钻杨比樟子松生长量显著增加;而在沙丘上部比樟子松生长降低,并发生干枯。     

杨树二元立木材积表的编制

据不完全统计,杨树人工林全国共有114.8万ha,为能进一步提高杨树经营管理水平,编制杨树二元立木材积表已成为当务之急。作者利用从1981年起经过5a时间测定与收集16个树种共6383株实测样木资料,编制了12个杨树二元立木材积表,供生产、科研工作应用。     

杉木和I-72杨人工林木材干缩性质的研究

通过对杉木和I-72杨人工林木材南北向、不同高度位置、不同径向位置横向干缩(弦、径向)的测量,研究上述3个因素对2种木材横向干缩(弦、径向)的影响规律。结果表明:南北向的不同对杉木和I-72杨人工林木材的干缩均无显著影响;高度位置的不同对杉木和I-72杨木的弦向干缩均有显著影响,而对径向干缩则无显著影响;径向位置的不同对杉木和I-72杨人工林木材的径、弦向干缩均有极显著影响:从树皮到髓心,木材径、弦向干缩逐渐减小,与其基本密度的变化趋势一致。     

Genotypic variation in drought tolerance of poplar in relation to abscisic acid

We investigated effects of water stress and external abscisic acid (ABA) supply on shoot growth, stomatal conductance and water status in 1-year-old cuttings of a drought-sensitive poplar genotype Populus x euramericana cv. I-214 (Italica) and a drought-tolerant genotype P. 'popularis 35-44' (popularis). Populus popularis was more productive and maintained higher leaf water potentials throughout the drought treatment than cv. Italica. Supply of ABA to the xylem sap caused a greater decline in growth and more leaf abscission in shoots of cv. Italica than in shoots of P. popularis. Immediately after initiation of the drought treatment in P. popularis, the ABA concentration ([ABA]) of the xylem increased rapidly and stomatal conductance declined; however, stomatal conductance had returned to control values by the third day of the drought treatment, coincident with a gradual decline in xylem [ABA]. In contrast, xylem [ABA] of cv. Italica initially increased more slowly than that of P. popularis in response to the drought treatment, but the increase continued for 3 days at which time a tenfold increase in xylem [ABA] was observed that was followed by abscission of more than 40% of the leaves. We conclude that sensitivity of poplar roots to variation in soil water content varies by clone and that a rapid short-term accumulation of ABA in shoots in response to water stress may contribute to drought tolerance.     

蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区表土有机碳的研究

基于UTM公里网格方法划分的66个网格的土壤剖面数据,分析了蕉岭长潭自然保护区5种典型植被类型（马尾松林、杉木林、针阔混交林、阔叶混交林和竹林）的表层土壤（0～20 cm）有机碳含量、密度、储量的分布特征与影响因子。结果表明：（1）表土有机碳含量SOC分布在12.61～66.19 g·kg^-1之间,平均值为30.87±1.30 g·kg^-1,大小顺序为竹林〉阔叶混交林〉针阔混交林〉杉木林〉马尾松林,多重比较显示竹林（37.63 g·kg^-1）显著高于马尾松林（18.52 g·kg^-1）,马尾松林仅为竹林的49.21%。（2）表土有机碳密度SOCD在3.27～15.69 kg·m^-2间,平均值为8.22±0.39 kg·m^-2,大小排序为阔叶混交林〉竹林〉针阔混交林〉杉木林〉马尾松林,阔叶混交林（10.15 kg·m^-2）和竹林（9.96 kg·m^-2）的SOCD值显著高于马尾松林（4.82 kg·m^-2）（p=0.005,p=0.036）,马尾松林仅是阔叶混交林的47.49%。（3）蕉岭长潭保护区表土层有机碳储量为402 100 t,占总面积54.54%的针阔混交林贡献最大,其次为阔叶混交林、杉木林、竹林和马尾松林。（4）表土有机碳含量与土壤全氮、速效钾含量显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.40和0.31;与石砾含量极显著负相关,相关系数达到-0.76。与林下植物分布有密切联系,有机碳含量〈20 g·kg^-1的指示种有6种,包括千年桐、黄毛楤木、米碎花、谷木冬青、长叶冻绿和乌韭,有机碳含量〉40 g·kg^-1的指示种有光叶海桐和土茯苓,有机碳含量在20～40 g·kg^-1间还未发现指示种。     

10个速生杨品系对比试验研究

以山海关杨为对照,在唐山地区进行不同杨树无性系对比试验。经过7a试验,结果表明：108杨生长表现突出,107杨次之,白杨表现最差。7a生108杨林木平均胸径、平均树高和平均单株材积分别为20．3cm、15．57m和0．1500m^3,超过山海关杨1．18倍、1．30倍和4．15倍;多重比较表明,108杨和107杨各生长指标与对照差异达极显著,同时该无性系还具有造林成活率高、抗性强等优良特性,可以在唐山地区推广应用。     

Resistance to Adversity of New Poplar Clones

1IntroductionAdversitystudyisoneofthefocusesinplantphysiology.However,thepriorityhadbeenputontheselectionofpoplarcloneswithfastgrowthrateandbetterwoodqualityonpoplarbreedinginthepastfewdecades.Therewerelimitedresearchestargetedontheresistancebreeding.Moreover,mostoftheresearchonadversityresistancewasconductedonPopulustomentosa(Peietal.1994,Duanetal.1998)andPopulusussuriensis(Jiangetal.1999).LittlewasknownabouttheadversityresistanceofpoplarclonesinSectionAigeiros(Wang1982,Zhu1990,Liuetal.1…     

北京市杨树人工林微生物区系分析

选取107杨、108杨和毛白杨3种杨树人工林,采用分子生物学鉴定方法对人工林中叶面、皮部和土壤中可培养的微生物的数量变化和优势种群动态变化进行分析。结果表明:细菌的数量在107杨与108杨、107杨与毛白杨之间的差异均显著,而在108杨与毛白杨之间的差异不显著;叶面、皮部和土壤的细菌数量差异均显著,107杨夏季和秋季的细菌数量占有优势地位,毛白杨冬季和春季的细菌数量占有优势地位;107杨秋季的细菌数量最高,108杨和毛白杨的较低,季节变化直接影响着细菌数量的变化,是细菌区系变化的主要影响因素;细菌的优势种群以假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌等为主;真菌的数量在107杨与108杨、107杨与毛白杨之间的差异均显著,而在108杨与毛白杨之间的差异不显著,这与细菌的变化规律相似;秋季真菌的数量与其他3季相比差异显著;季节的变化对叶面真菌数量的影响相对较大,而对皮部真菌数量的变化影响相对较小;季节变化对土壤中真菌数量的变化有显著影响,但在春季和秋季差异不大;真菌的优势种群以杨盘二孢菌和棘壳孢等为主,其中棘壳孢在杨树人工林的叶面、皮部和土壤中均占有较高比例,是杨树人工林中真菌的主要类群。     

干旱胁迫下不同品种杨树矿质离子含量变化

【目的】了解杨树在干旱胁迫下矿质离子分布及其动态变化。【方法】以吴屯杨、新疆杨和荷兰杨为实验材料,在中度和重度干旱条件下测定了根、茎、叶和质外体的K^+、Ca^2+、Na^+和Mg^2+等4种离子含量的变化。【结果】干旱胁迫使K^+、Ca^2+和Na^+离子含量上升,Mg^2+含量下降,其中K^+和Ca^2+含量自胁迫开始明显升高,Na^+含量则在中度胁迫之后明显增加。离子在各器官分布情况为:K^+主要分布于杨树的叶片,Ca^2+、Na^+和Mg^2+主要分布于杨树根部,且离子分布存在品种间差异,荷兰杨和新疆杨中K^+分布为:叶>根>茎,而吴屯杨体内K^+分布则为:叶>茎>根;3种杨树中Ca^2+分布均为:根>叶>茎;吴屯杨和荷兰杨中Na^+分布为:根>茎>叶,新疆杨则为:根>叶>茎;在Mg^2+的分布上吴屯杨和新疆杨较为类似即:根>叶>茎,而荷兰杨为叶>根>茎。【结论】干旱胁迫下杨树首选吸收的离子是K^+和Ca^2+,K^+主要分布在杨树的叶片中,其次是根部,Ca^2+主要分布在杨树的根部。重度干旱胁迫下,杨树开始吸收Na^+,储存在杨树的根部。不同品种杨树之间离子的分布和吸收都存在品种差异。质外体作为离子的运输通道,在各干旱条件下运输4种矿质离子至杨树的其他部位,Mg^2+存在滞留在质外体中的情况。本研究可为植物在干旱胁迫下矿质离子吸收和分布的研究提供理论依据。     

对几个杨树品种作为亲本的简单评价

辽宁省杨树研究所杨树杂交课题组在1992年、1993年选用辽宁杨、辽河杨、I—69杨作为母本，N3930、义县小钻杨、鞍杂杨、33号杨、中林95杨作为父本进行了杂交试验。文章对杂交所得子代4年生树高、胸径和1年生子代受冻害指数3个性状的数据，按照母本和父本分别进行了方差分析，并对达到显著差异的按照不完全双列杂交设计估算一般配合力方法，估算并比较了各个母本及父本的一般配合力。结果表明，在胸径方面，母本辽河杨、辽宁杨、I—69杨无显著差异，在树高和抗寒性方面，辽河杨比辽宁杨及I—69杨更具有优势；父本的一般配合力大小顺序是：在树高性状上，鞍杂杨＞中林95杨＞33号杨＞N3930杨＞义县小钻杨，在抗寒性方面鞍杂杨＞33号杨＞义县小钻杨＞中林95杨＞N3930。     

欧美107杨伐根嫁接法造林技术与效果分析

在采伐迹地上,以意大利214杨的伐根做砧木,欧美107杨的1a生条做接穗,进行嫁接法造林技术试验。结果表明,该法造林具有成本低、适应性强、速生等特点。7a生的伐根嫁接法造林的树木平均胸径18.9cm,平均树高19m,单株立木材积为0.1562m3;而利用植苗法造林的同龄树木平均胸径为7.7cm,平均树高为8.4m,单株立木材积为0.0174m3,差异显著。     

Can plasticity make spatial structure irrelevant in individual-tree models？

Background： Distance-dependent individual-tree models have commonly been found to add little predictive power to that of distance-independent ones. One possible reason is plasticity, the ability of trees to lean and to alter crown and root development to better occupy available growing space. Being able to redeploy foliage （and roots） into canopy gaps and less contested areas can diminish the importance of stem ground locations. Methods： Plasticity was simulated for 3 intensively measured forest stands, to see to what extent and under what conditions the allocation of resources （e.g., light） to the individual trees depended on their ground coordinates. The data came from 50 x 60 m stem-mapped plots in natural monospecific stands of jack pine, trembling aspen and black spruce from central Canada. Explicit perfect-plasticity equations were derived for tessellation-type models. Results： Qualitatively similar simulation results were obtained under a variety of modelling assumptions. The effects of plasticity varied somewhat with stand uniformity and with assumed plasticity limits and other factors. Stand-level implications for canopy depth, distribution modelling and total productivity were examined. Conclusions： Generally, under what seem like conservative maximum plasticity constraints, spatial structure accounted for less than 10% of the variance in resource allocation. The perfect-plasticity equations approximated well the simulation results from tessellation models, but not those from models with less extreme competition asymmetry Whole-stand perfect plasticity approximations seem an attractive alternative to individual-tree models.     

割地草在214意杨育苗中的应用技术研究

通过试验与推广总结出在杨树育苗中应用割地草最适施用时期是杨树芽苞未萌动前,最经济施用浓度为0.1%喷湿土表,除草效果90%以上,结合一次中耕除草,可基本免除人工除草。