添加呈味核苷酸对断乳仔猪采食量的影响

剌激断乳仔猪的食欲,提高采食量,才能最大限度地发挥断乳仔猪的生长性能。选择36头平均体重为7.36kg、30日龄的杜长大杂交断乳仔猪,按体重、公母等平均原则,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮基础上添加含5'-肌苷酸二钠(IMP)、5'-鸟苷酸二钠(GMP)的呈味核苷酸400mg/kg,试验期30d。结果显示:试验组各重复头均日采食量、头均日增重分别比对照组提高18.96%、13.61%。由此可知,添加含5'-肌苷酸二钠(IMP)、5'-鸟苷酸二钠(GMP)的呈味核苷酸能提高断乳仔猪的食欲及采食量,并改善断乳仔猪的生长性能。     

不同形式锌添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

锌是所有动物必需的一种微量元素,存在于动物机体所有组织和器官中,其中主要存在于骨骼、肌肉、肝脏和皮肤中。锌是40多种金属酶的组成成分,200多种酶的激活因子,参与碳酸酐酶、DNA聚合酶、胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶、碱性磷酸酶、胰腺羧基肽酶、乳酸脱氢酶等重要酶的合成,并与核酸及蛋白质的合成密切相关,进而影响细胞的分裂、生长和再生。此外,锌还是胰岛素的组成成分。     

Water nipples or water bowls for weaned piglets: Effect on water intake,performance, and plasma osmolality

Abstract

Twelve litters were offered nipple drinkers (NIPPLE treatment) as the only source of water after weaning at 32–35 days of age, and 12 litters were offered water from a water bowl (BOWL treatment). Water usage was measured using water meters and blood samples were taken from four randomly selected piglets from each of eight. The water intake was similar in the two treatments for days 1–3 and days 4–7, but significantly higher in the NIPPLE treatment for days 8–14 (P<0.05). Daily gain was higher (P<0.05) in the NIPPLE treatment. The water quality was much better in the NIPPLE treatment, especially on days 7 and 9. Plasma osmolality was higher in the NIPPLE treatment at day 1, but at day 5 osmolality was highest in the BOWL treatment. We conclude that water supply from nipple drinkers is a better alternative for weaned piglets because of higher water intake, better water quality, and improved daily gain.     

不同添加水平甘氨酸锌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

锌是动物的必需微量元素之一,通过作为体内200多种酶的必需组分或激活因子而广泛参与体内的一系列代谢活动,而且锌还是许多转录因子的必需组分。动物锌缺乏会出现生长受阻、厌食、皮肤损坏、骨骼畸形、免疫力及繁殖力下降等症状。仔猪对锌的需要量很高,但实用饲粮中锌含量较低,且存在许多限制锌吸收的因素,因此在仔猪饲粮中需要额外添加。     

氯化胆碱中三甲胺超标对断奶仔猪采食量的影响

在断奶仔猪日粮中添加三甲胺盐酸盐,探讨氯化胆碱中三甲胺超标对断奶仔猪采食量的影响。试验分为两组,对照日粮和试验日粮的氯化胆碱中三甲胺含量分别为220 mg/kg和22 g/kg,同时进行组内比较和组间比较2个试验。组间比较试验采用断奶后5～9 d的杜×(大.长)三元杂交仔猪90头,随机分为对照组及试验组,每组5个重复,每重复9头猪,每栏一个料槽,饲喂对照日粮或试验日粮,试验期8 d。试验结果表明,试验组平均日采食量明显低于对照组(291 g/头vs 382 g/头),其中第0～3天的日采食量差异显著(213 g/头vs 313 g/头,P<0.05)。组内比较试验采用断奶后4～13 d的杜×(大.长)三元杂交仔猪24头,随机分为6组,每组4头猪,每栏设两个料槽,同时饲喂对照日粮和试验日粮,试验期10 d。试验结果表明,仔猪对高三甲胺日粮的采食量明显低于对照日粮,在试验第5～10天和整个试验期日采食量均存在显著差异(202 g/头vs 305 g/头;179 g/头vs 287 g/头,P<0.05)。说明氯化胆碱中三甲胺严重超标对仔猪的采食量会产生不良影响。     

甘露聚糖酶对小猪生产性能的影响

试验选用保育出栏的杜×长×大三元杂小猪72头,依据体重、性别比例相近的原则,将小猪分为A、B、C3个处理组,其中A组为对照组,B、C组为试验组,各设2个重复组,每组12头,公母各半,分头编号;各组基础日粮相同,营养水平一致,A组饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合酶A(不含甘露聚糖酶),B组饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合酶B(含1000U/g甘露聚糖酶)、C组饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合酶C(含2000U/g甘露聚糖酶)。试验期从2002年7月31日至2002年8月30日,共30d。饲养试验结果表明:试验期日增重A组为544g、B组为574g、C组为608g,B、C组日增重比对照组分别提高5.5%、11.7%,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);料肉比A组、B组、C组分别为2.37、2.28、2.18,B、C组比对照组分别降低3.8%、8.0%;综合经济效益每千克增重饲料成本B组、C组分别为4.00元、3.83元,对照组为4.16元,B、C组经济效益分别提高3.8%、7.9%。     

添加谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪的作用

随着集约化养猪生产的发展 ,为了增加母猪的年产仔数 ,提高母猪的生产力 ,生产中仔猪的断奶日龄越来越早。幼龄仔猪消化道组织和功能发育尚未完全成熟 ,仔猪早期断奶关系到生理、营养和环境状况的突然改变 ,因此早期离乳易造成仔猪胃肠道功能紊乱 ,诱发仔猪早期断奶综合症 ,表现为采食下降、生长阻滞和腹泻。条件必需氨基酸———谷氨酰胺 (Ｇｌｕｔａｍｉｎｅ ,ＧＬＮ)是体内含量最丰富的游离氨基酸 ,是组织间氮运输的载体 ,是核苷酸和其他氨基酸合成前体 ,是快速分化细胞的主要能源物质。ＧＬＮ是肠粘膜细胞的主要能源物质 ,并参与机体内…     

The effect of heated mash on performance and feeding behavior of newly weaned piglets

The influence of heated mash on growth and feeding behavior of newly weaned piglets was investigated. An automatically ventilated nursery with 4 identical pens was used. Twenty piglets weaned at 21 d were housed in each pen. The experiment was repeated 3 times. In total, data were obtained from 240 piglets of 12 pens. The pens were provided with a sensor-controlled, automatic feeding device, which dosed a ready-mixed mash in a trough. In each of 2 of the pens, the feed was mixed with warm water at 36 degrees C, during the first week of weaning. This heated mash had a temperature of 34 degrees C at the outlet of the automatic feeding device (experimental group). In the 2 control groups, the water was not heated and the temperature of the mash was 14 degrees C at the outlet of the automatic feeding device. From the second week of weaning, the mash had a temperature of 14 degrees C at the outlet of the automatic feeding device in all 4 pens. Piglets were weighed at weaning, at weekly intervals through 49 d after weaning, and on d 139 after weaning. Behavior of the whole group, as well as behavior of selected focal animals, was evaluated for the first 48 h after weaning. In addition, skin condition of piglets was assessed on day of weaning and on d 7, 14, and 21 after weaning. The amount of feed consumed by the piglets was recorded on a daily basis throughout the whole period of nursery. Over the total period of the study, piglets in the experimental group gained 3.98 +/- 1.66 kg (P = 0.047) more than the control group. The difference was particularly clear during the nursery period (49 d) when the experimental group gained 0.89 +/- 0.23 kg more than the control group (P = 0.03). Although piglets in the control group consumed 37.15 +/- 0.15 kg of feed over the complete nursery period, the experimental group consumed 42.56 +/- 0.15 kg per piglet (P = 0.023). By heating the mash feed in the first week after weaning, both growth performance as well as feed consumption of piglets could be increased. No difference in feed conversion and feeding behavior was found between groups.     

浅析酶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选取健康21日龄断奶长白仔猪544头,采取随机分组的办法分成2组,第1组为试验组271头,第2组为对照组273头.试验组21-49日齿、50-70日龄阶段在对照组基础上分别添加HF-1华芬酶750g/t、1311华芬酶850g/t。饲养管理条件相同.经过50d的试验,结果表明：试验组日增重比对照组提高5.14%经显著性检验,试验组与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）。试验组存活率比对照组高1.46％腹泻率比对照组低18.23％饲料转化率提高12．18％,头平净增收入比对照组提高9.14％     

日粮中添加发酵黄芩对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

选择64头28日龄(长大二元)断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪。1组为空白对照组,2～4组分别添加0.1%、0.15%、0.2%的发酵黄芩。试验周期为28 d。试验旨在探讨发酵黄芩对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响,评价发酵黄芩在饲料中的应用价值,确定发酵黄芩在仔猪日粮中的最佳添加量。结果表明,饲料中添加发酵黄芩对断奶仔猪的免疫性能有较大影响,能缓解断奶应激造成的仔猪免疫功能不足的问题,提高仔猪自身的抗病力,刺激仔猪自身免疫机能的完善。试验结果证明,发酵黄芩在提高免疫球蛋白方面优于空白对照组,且差异显著(P<0.05),4组结果中3个发酵黄芩添加组IgA、IgG、IgM、TNF-α、IL-4等指标较空白对照组分别提高了36.8%(P<0.05)、33.1%(P<0.05)、22.9%(P<0.05)、90.7%(P<0.05)、78.3%(P<0.05)。结果表明,在仔猪日粮中发酵黄芩的添加量为0.15%时效果最优。     

日粮中添加酸化剂对断乳仔猪生长性能的影响

选取128头7～8 kg左右"杜长大"健康断乳仔猪作为试验动物,根据体重相近、公母各半的原则将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每个组设4个重复,每个重复16头,探讨添加酸化剂对仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响.结果表明,试验组日粮中添加2 g/kg的酸化剂,提高了仔猪的日增重,降低了料重比,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);减少了仔猪的腹泻率,并可降低饲料成本.     

Water intake of weaned piglets from three to seven weeks old

One hundred and two large white cross landrace piglets weaned at 21 (+/- 1) days old were randomly allocated to one of two commercial early weaning diets for a four week growth trial. The piglets were housed in groups of between six and 10. After initial moderate restriction the piglets were fed ad libitum. Food intakes and weight gains were recorded weekly. Water consumption of individual pens of piglets was recorded daily. Dietary treatment had no significant effect on mean daily feed intake, daily liveweight gain or food conversion ratio. The relationship between water and food intake, piglet weight and daily gain was examined using regression and multiple regression analyses. Water intake was related to all these parameters, with daily feed intake being the best single predictor of water intake. The relationship was described by the equation: water intake (litres/day) = 0.149 + 3.053 feed intake (kg/day).     

Tolerable upper intake level of iron damages the liver of weaned piglets

Iron is one of the essential trace elements, which is often supplemented as an additive to meet the growing needs of toddlers and young animals. Recommended nutrient intake (RNI) and tolerable upper intake levels (UL) are always set when the iron is supplemented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subacute (28 days) toxicity of UL iron to weaned piglet liver. Thirty 23-day-old weaned piglets were divided into three groups and, respectively, supplemented with 100, 300 or 3000 (UL) mg/kg iron. UL iron caused significant weight loss in 4th week (p < 0.05). Divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1) decreased significantly, ferroportin 1 and ferritin increased significantly in the liver of UL iron group (p < 0.05). Although there was no significant effect on liver morphology, UL iron significantly increased hepatic iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (p < 0.05). UL iron significantly reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) in the liver (p < 0.05). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activated subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc) and glutathione S-transferase A1 (Gsta1) upregulation in the UL iron group liver, thereby increasing resistance to oxidative stress. In conclusion, UL iron supplementation altered iron metabolism, generated free radicals, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and activated Nrf2 signalling pathway in the weaned piglet liver.     

肽制品对断奶仔猪生长的影响

选择日龄和体质量相近的三元杂交仔猪60头,随机分为3组:即对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组各设1个重复组。经过29d试验,试验结果表明,试验组与对照组增重差异极显著,试验组内差异不显著。试验1和2组平均日增重比对照组分别提高8.96%和8.56%;饲料转化率分别提高7.77%和8.29%。从腹泻情况来看,饲用肽制品组仔猪下痢头数明显少于对照组。     

不同来源赖氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

赖氨酸是玉米 -豆粕型日粮的第一限制性氨基酸 ,由于赖氨酸ε -位氨基的化学性质较活泼 ,在加工过程中可还原糖类的醛基生成氨基糖复合物 ,从而降低其活性 ,不利于被动物吸收。大量研究报道认为 ,添加赖氨酸可以改善日粮粗蛋白质的利用率和氨基酸利用率 ,从而可以降低日粮粗蛋白质水平 3 %～ 4 % ,同时可以提高瘦肉率 ,提高仔猪生长性能 ,减少粪便氮的排出量。不同赖氨酸生产厂家生产的产品在粒度、流动性等物理性状上存在一定差异 ,因而会影响其在饲料中的混合均匀性 ,影响到畜禽的生产性能。本试验分别在断奶仔猪日粮中添加国产大成和进口…     

Effects of auditory, visual and chemical stimuli on the ingestive behavior of newly weaned piglets

Auditory, chemical and visual stimuli were used in a factorial trial in an attempt to stimulate feeding in newly weaned piglets. Ninety-six crossbred piglets weaned at 28 d of age were assigned to groups containing four littermates. Each group was placed in a 1.2-m X 1.2-m pen in an isolated room for 48 h. Pens were equipped with nipple waterers and trough-type feeders. The auditory stimulus was piglet and sow nursing vocalizations. A visual stimulus was provided by a lamp that illuminated the feeding area. Auditory and visual stimuli were presented for 5 min once an hour for 48 h. The chemical stimulus consisted of 60 ml of evaporated milk sprayed over the surface of the feed once every 12 h. Water was used in place of milk in control treatments. Piglets were videotaped for 48 h. Frequency and duration of feeding, drinking and lying were recorded for two piglets out of each pen. Auditory stimuli increased (P less than .05) the number of drinking bouts per day from 16.3 to 19.2 and the number of drinking bouts associated with stimulus presentation from 6.2 to 8.0. There also was an auditory X day interaction effect on total time spent feeding. On d 2 postweaning piglets in the auditory treatment group spent more (P less than .05) time feeding than did those without auditory stimulation (127.1 vs 104.2 min, respectively). The relatively simple visual and chemical stimuli tested had no significant effects on ingestive behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of weaning age, protein nutrition and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge on the health of newly weaned piglets

The objective of this experiment was to determine whether decreasing dietary protein content and increasing weaning age could improve piglet health and decrease the occurrence and severity of post-weaning colibacillosis (PWC) in the absence of in-feed antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs). The experiment consisted of a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial combination of weaning age (4 vs 6 weeks), dietary protein content (H vs L; 230 vs 130 g CP/kg) and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge (+ vs −). On day 3 post-weaning half of the piglets were challenged per os with 10⁹ cfu ETEC. A sample of piglets was euthanased on days 0 and 6 to assess digesta pH and lactobacilli to coliform (L:C) ratio. ETEC excretion persisted longer in the 4-week-weaned piglets than those weaned at 6 weeks (P = 0.003), and the numbers of ETEC shed tended to be higher on the H than L diet, especially in the 4-week-weaned piglets (P = 0.093). Decreasing protein level led to significantly firmer faeces, decreased pH and increased L:C ratio of proximal colon digesta. These results suggest that in the absence of AGPs, increasing weaning age and decreasing dietary protein level, especially in earlier weaned piglets, may help to minimize the effects of PWC.     

Effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on cytokine mRNA expression in weaned piglets

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bovine colostrum supplementation on the immune Th1/Th2 response in weaned piglets. After weaning at 21 d, 3 groups of 7 piglets were fed ad libitum with a starter diet and received daily 0, 1 or 5 g of spray-dried bovine colostrum. Spleen and gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT): ileal Peyer's patch (iPP), jejunum wall (JW) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN)) biopsies were collected on each piglet after 3 wk of treatment and analysed for their cytokine mRNA expression (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFNγ) by RT-PCR. The supplementation with bovine colostrum induced an increase (P < 0.05) in IL-12 in the JW, in IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 in the MLN and in IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 in the iPP. In the latter, bovine colostrum also decreased IFN-γ production (P < 0.01). Finally, no effect of the treatments was recorded in the spleen. These results suggest an immunomodulatory effect of bovine colostrum on the GALT, which responded by producing at different levels both Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-12) and Th2 anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). This Th1/Th2 bipolar response protects the weaned piglets from both allergic (food) and infectious (pathogens) diseases.     

两种赖氨酸添加剂在断奶乳猪料中的应用效果

1　材料与方法1 1　试验动物　选取长×大杂交 2 8日龄断奶乳猪 1 5窝 1 0 8头 ,根据窝别来源设 9个区组 ,每区组根据窝别、性别、体重相近原则分为 2栏 ,每栏6头 ,公母各半 ,随机分为试验组与对照组。1 2　试验饲粮　粉料 ,日粮组成及营养水平见表1。试验组用Ｂｉｏｌｙｓ 60作为赖氨酸添加剂 ,对照组用赖氨酸盐酸盐 ,1ｋｇＢｉｏｌｙｓ 60的赖氨酸含量相当于 0 6ｋｇ的赖氨酸盐酸盐。表 1　日粮组成及营养水平试验组对照组日粮组成玉米 ( % ) 62 .5 62 .66膨化大豆 ( % ) 8.748.74豆粕 ( % ) 15 .1915 .17鱼粉 ( % ) 5 .5 5 .5乳清粉 (…