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<正> 随着我国经济的快速发展,人们的消费习惯与饮食结构发生了巨大的变化,食品安全的重要性日益突显,饲料和食品安全已经成为继人口、资源和环境之后的第四大问题。随着欧盟等国对我国畜产品的抵制和制造技术壁垒,可以看出我国畜产品生产过程中确实存在着较多不安全的因素,而其中饲料安全是影响畜产品安全的关键。中国是世界第二词料生产大国,确保饲料安全,不仅对中国的畜产品安全战略至关重要,而且也对世界畜产品安全有着重要的影响。因此,确保饲料安全,狠抓畜产品质量安全将成为畜牧工作者的工作重点。HACCP管理经过30多年的发展,被国际权威机构认可为保证食品安全卫生最有效的方法,被世界上越来越多的国家认同为确保食品安全的有效措施,值得我国在饲料及养殖行业管理中借鉴和推行。 相似文献
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所谓饲料安全,通常是指饲料产品(包括饲料和饲料添加剂)在按照预期用途进行使用时,不会对动物的健康造成实际危害,而且在动物产品中残留、蓄积和转移的有毒有害物质或因素在可控制的范围内,不会通过动物消费饲料转移至食品中,导致危害人体健康或对人类的生存环境产生负面影响。饲料安全是动物性食品安全的重要环节。近几年来,由饲料的安全问题引发的食品安全事件时有发生。所以食品安全问题已是全球各国政府和人民群众关注的焦点。"饲料安全就是食品安全",为此世界各国都出台一些相关的法律法规,我国政府对饲料质量安全非常重视,相继出台诸多的与饲料安全相关的法规。本文我们邀请了中国农业科学院饲料研究所国家水产饲料安全评价基地的薛敏博士以《饲料安全管理法规及风险管理研究进展》为题介绍我国关于饲料安全的法规与标准,解读了这些法规和标准在饲料管理和生产中的具体要求和操作规程,同时也介绍了欧盟、美国和一些国际组织关于饲料安全方面的规定,特别比较了我国与其它一些国家的标准的相同与不同之处,相信一定会给业界人士以启迪。提高饲料安全性,是一项长期艰巨的任务,要坚决贯彻执行现有的法律和标准,继续制定和完善有关法规,从而确保食品安全。 相似文献
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李吉明 《养殖与饲料.饲料世界》2006,(8):18-21
饲料安全即食物安全,这在国际相关领域已成为共识,也被国内人们所接受。饲料安全问题直接影响动物产品间接影响人类安全。饲料是动物的“食品”,通过饲料而污染的动物性产品的恶性事件近年来时有发生。1992年的英国发生的“疯牛病”事件,1999年比利时发生的“二恶英”事件,以及国内2001年发生的“瘦肉精”事件,这些事件发生增加了人们对畜产品的恐慌。造成重大经济损失,并引发严重的政治问题。而这些事件发生则最终归结于动物所食用的饲料受到污染而致。我国是饲料生产大国,确保饲料安全不仅对我国的食品安全战略至关重要,而且也对世界食品安全有着重要的影响。HACCP管理是保证饲料和食品安全而对生产全过程实行的事前、预防性控制体系我国在近年开始在饲料行业开展HACCP安个管理体系认证和饲料产品认证试点工作。在我国大力推行“无公害食品”和“绿色食品”的时候,在饲料行业推行HACCP体系必将起到积极的作用。 相似文献
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我国每年因国外“绿色壁垒”出口受阻的产品损失过70亿元。从英国的“疯牛病”、荷兰的“二恶英”到中国的“瘦肉精”带来了公众对畜禽产品安全信任的危机,饲料安全是食品安全的概念在世界内形成共识。饲料安全关系食品安全,关系人身安全,关系出口创汇,关系我们赖以生存的环境。可以说,饲料安全是关系到国计民生的大问题,只有加强饲料安全管理,才能振兴绿色畜牧,才能使我国的畜禽产品让国人吃的放心,真正在国际市场上占有一席之地。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献