有机生态型无土栽培辣椒品种比较试验

选用6个辣椒品种（陇椒2号、陇椒3号、陇椒5号、甘科5号、酒椒3号,hxuty）进行有机生态型无土栽培品种比较试验。结果表明,陇椒2号、陇椒3号、陇椒5号、甘科5号、酒椒3号和hxu-ty的生育期无差异,但酒椒3号的株高、果长、果肩宽较对照陇椒2号依次降低4cm、缩短0．04cm、变窄0．1mm,单果质量、产量较对照陇椒2号增加1．5g和4.3％。综合评判酒椒3号可作为有机生态型无土栽培辣椒品种种植。     

甘肃河西走廊有机生态型无土栽培辣椒不同播期对其产量的影响

通过对酒椒3号等5个辣椒品种与3种不同播期进行组合,采用双因素、单因素随机区组设计试验,探索春、夏茬不同播期对有机生态型无土栽培辣椒产量的影响.研究结果表明,春茬期间,3月21号播种的酒椒3号产量最高;夏茬期间,酒椒3号和陇上椒王产量最高.     

辣椒新品种‘陇椒 8 号’

 ‘陇椒8 号’是早熟杂交一代辣椒新品种。果实羊角形,果面有皱褶,果长25.0 cm,肉厚 0.22 cm,单果质量47 g,果色绿,味辣,品质优良,商品性好。抗病毒病,耐疫病。产量69 950 kg · hm-2, 适宜于北方保护地栽培。     

设施反季节辣椒一大茬栽培品种优选试验

用航椒5号和2006D2与陇椒3号、陇椒5号进行了设施辣椒反季节一大茬栽培品比试验。结果表明:陇椒3号、陇椒5号的丰产性好,商品性佳;航椒5号和2006D2表现较差。     

辣椒优良品种——徐椒1号

徐椒1号是徐州蔬菜所用母本“801”早椒与父本茄门甜椒杂交育成的杂交一代辣椒优良品种。其株高72cm,开展度75cm,分枝结果力强,主茎约10节开始现蕾分权,前期生长快,后期不早衰。果实长灯笼形,嫩果绿色,平均单果重32g,最大单果重50g。味微辣而脆,商品性好,经济价值高。     

不同整枝方式对辣椒产量及产品等次的影响

采用4种不同的整枝方式,以镇椒10号辣椒为研究对象,进行立体栽培试验,探讨不同整枝方式对辣椒株高、茎粗、产量、产品质量等的影响。结果表明:3干整枝和4干整枝的增高幅度较大,植株地上部枝干的多少与茎粗有一定的正相关性;单果质量、果实长度、总产量、等内品产量、果肉厚度、果实宽度最高的是3干整枝,等内品率最大的是双干整枝。     

辣椒新品种‘陇椒10号’

'陇椒10号'辣椒是以自交系'935'为母本,自交系'927'为父本配制的一代杂种。果实羊角形,果面皱,果长28.0 cm,果肩宽3.1 cm,果肉厚0.25 cm,单果质量62 g,味辣,商品性好。抗病毒病,耐疫病。早熟,产量75.0 t·hm~(-2)。适宜西北地区保护地和露地栽培。     

辣椒新品种陇椒5号的选育

陇椒5号是以自交系2002A14为母本,以自交系2002A45为父本配制而成的早熟辣椒一代杂种。果实羊角形,果色绿,果面有皱褶,果长25 cm,果肩宽3.0 cm,果肉厚0.30 cm,平均单果质量46 g,味辣,商品性好,抗疫病,每667 m2产量4 000 kg左右,适宜西北地区保护地和露地栽培。     

辣椒新品种陇椒3号的选育

以宁夏羊角椒自交系95C24为母本,国外引进品种自交系96C83为父本配制的一代杂种陇椒3号,早熟,果实羊角形,果面有皱褶,果长25.0 cm,果肩宽2.7 cm,肉厚0.23 cm,单果质量35～40g,果绿色,味辣,商品性好,中抗疫病.每667m2产量4 000kg左右.适宜北方保护地栽培.     

辣椒新品种‘陇椒11号’

‘陇椒11号’辣椒是以自交系‘1261’为母本，自交系‘1245’为父本配制的一代杂种。果实羊角形，果面皱，果长29 cm，果肩宽3.5 cm，果肉厚0.25 cm，单果质量60 g，味辣，商品性好。熟性早，平均产量75 t ? hm-2。抗病毒病，耐疫病和白粉病。适宜于北方地区及气候类型相似地区保护地和露地栽培。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。