甜高粱茎秆汁液成分分析及浓缩贮藏的试验研究

为提高甜高粱茎秆汁液制取燃料乙醇的原料利用率,延长甜高粱茎秆及其汁液贮藏期限,测定了辽甜1号、早熟1号、醇甜2号三个甜高粱品种茎秆及其汁液的营养成分,采用浓缩法对甜高粱茎秆汁进行了贮藏试验.结果表明,三个品种都含有丰富的糖分,可以为酵母菌发酵制取酒精提供良好的碳源,但总氮和某些矿物质元素(如:Fe3 )不能满足酒精酵母的营养需要;甜高粱茎秆汁浓缩至4～5倍时,可以抑制汁液中大多数微生物的活动,使其中糖分不受损失;在试验设定的真空浓缩工艺条件下(55～60℃,0.15 Mpa)甜高粱茎秆汁中产酸微生物或水解酶类仍保持活性,使得还原糖占总糖的比率随贮藏时间延长而升高,这有利于酒精发酵.     

能源作物甜高粱培育及能量转换技术研究

本文通过对选育的甜高粱杂交品种进行适应性种植试验,以及茎秆汁液发酵生产酒精的酒精转化试验,证明该品种具有杂交优势明显、生物产量高、发酵糖比例高、生长周期适宜、耐旱性较强、茎秆汁液酒精转化率高等特点。     

甜高粱茎秆液态发酵制取乙醇工艺技术

甜高粱茎秆液态发酵制取乙醇工艺技术是国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)《甜高粱茎秆制取乙醇》(课题编号:2001AA 514040)项目中关键技术之一,本文简要的论述了该项技术的工艺流程、工作原理和性能指标。该项研究成果主要以甜高粱茎秆汁液为原料,采用固定化酵母流化床快速发酵工艺,并克服了固定化细胞技术中普遍存在的载体机械强度低、使用寿命短等技术难题,同时根据乙醇酵母的生理、生化特性制定了一套适用于高技术的乙醇生产新工艺。该项技术具有发酵速度快、发酵率高,成熟醪酒份高、残糖低、能耗低。     

甜高粱茎秆固态发酵生产燃料乙醇研究

该文通过研究甜高粱茎秆M-81E固态发酵生产燃料乙醇的主要影响因素,确定发酵条件为:耐高温酿酒酵母接种量为3%,发酵初始基质含水率为76%,添加0.25?Cl2,0.25%MgS04·7H2O,40℃发酵24 h,乙醇得率为6.42 g/(100g)甜高粱茎秆,转化率为90.5%,残糖含量低于0.3%;添加10 FPU/g纤维素酶和10 CBU/g β-葡萄糖苷酶,进行同步糖化固态发酵,乙醇得率为7.53 g/(100 g)甜高粱茎秆,与不添加纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的相比,乙醇得率提高了14.6%.     

土壤盐胁迫降低后甜高粱的补偿生长和盐离子分布特征

逆境补偿效应在作物中普遍存在,对作物生长发育与产量产生重要的影响。为阐明土壤盐度降低后甜高粱的补偿生长效应,本研究采用盆栽方法,将甜高粱拔节期的土壤含盐量设置3个梯度:5 g×kg~(-1)(高盐处理)、由5 g×kg~(-1)降低到2 g×kg~(-1)(盐度降低处理)、2 g×kg~(-1)(低盐对照),测定2个甜高粱品种地上部器官(茎秆、叶片、叶鞘)干物质生长速率与积累,以及盐离子(Na~+、Cl~-、K~+)在不同器官的含量。结果表明:高盐处理甜高粱地上部干物质增长速率一直显著低于对照;土壤盐度降低后,各器官干物质生长速率明显升高,并超过对照,产生了超补偿效应。成熟期高盐处理株高与地上部干物质大幅下降;土壤盐度降低后‘辽甜1号’的株高与地上部干物质较低盐对照分别下降7.69%和33.21%,而‘中科甜3号’的株高和地上部干物质重与对照没有差异。高盐处理后各器官干物质中Na+和Cl-含量较对照大幅度提高,K+含量增加幅度较小。土壤盐分降低后的35 d,甜高粱Na+和Cl-在各器官中含量虽仍高于对照,但比高盐处理已大幅下降;茎秆与叶鞘K+的含量较对照有小幅提高,而叶片K+含量与对照无显著差异。本研究表明:甜高粱盐胁迫降低后离子毒害减轻、生长速率加快直至超过对照,耐盐甜高粱品种补偿效应尤为明显,成熟期干物质产量可与对照相当。本研究结果可为盐碱地甜高粱栽培提供理论依据。     

不同糖质原料和菌株固态发酵制取乙醇的特性比较

利用固态发酵技术直接将糖质原料转化为乙醇,过程简单且糖利用率高,已经成为近年来的一个研发热点。为寻求最适原料及菌种,该文对不同原料和菌株进行固态发酵产乙醇特性进行了比较研究:2种菌株为实验室自行筛选酵母菌株TSH和市场上常见的安琪酿酒酵母菌株AGL;3种糖料作物为甘蔗、甜菜和甜高粱。结果表明,无论对于TSH或者AGL,投入相同质量的原料,由于可发酵总糖初始含量的不同,最终乙醇产量最高为甜菜,甜高粱次之,甘蔗最低。为消除原料初始糖含量不同造成的影响,该文比较了消耗单位质量糖分所生成的乙醇质量,发现对于2种菌株甜高粱都具有最高的乙醇/糖转化率,说明甜高粱茎秆中糖分用于生成乙醇的比率较多,而用于维持酵母菌自身生长繁殖及副产物生成的糖分较少。比较2菌株的发酵能力,对于甜高粱TSH表现出较为明显的发酵优势:发酵周期比AGL缩短了近6h,且乙醇/糖转化率略高于AGL;而对于甘蔗和甜菜原料,TSH的乙醇产率与AGL相差不大;说明自行筛选的TSH菌种对多种糖料发酵底物具有广泛适用性,具有良好的工业应用前景。该文对利用糖质原料固态发酵生产燃料乙醇工艺的工业化实现及改进具有一定的借鉴意义。     

甜高粱茎秆汁液固定化酵母酒精发酵的研究

本文应用一元线性回归分析法得出了甜高粱茎秆汁液锤度和可溶性总糖含量之间的关系。以甜高粱茎秆汁液为原料,在摇床及流化床反应器上进行了固定化酵母酒精发酵的试验研究。结果表明,以沈农甜杂2号甜高粱为原料,在摇床上作营养盐配比的正交试验,试验得出对提高酒精得率影响因素的主次顺序为：(NH₄)₂SO₄,K₂HPO₄,MgSO₄。最优组合为：0.125% K₂HPO₄,0.200%(NH₄)₂SO₄,0.050% MgSO₄。加营养盐的酒精得率比不加任何营养盐的酒精得率可提高4.0%～8.0%。K₂HPO₄,(NH₄)₂SO₄的配比对试验结果影响极显著,MgSO₄的配比对试验结果影响显著。在流化床反应器上试验,4种较优营养盐组合酒精得率近乎相等,比不加营养盐空白试验酒精得率高。从降低成本角度来讲,选择0.125% K₂HPO₄,0.200%(NH₄)₂SO₄,0.010% MgSO₄作为投产试验。本文为燃料乙醇的发展提供了科学的依据。     

土壤质地和灌溉水量对黑河中游地区甜高粱生长特征及水生产力的影响

甜高粱已成为干旱和盐碱等边际性土壤区农业可持续发展的重要作物之一,针对河西走廊荒漠绿洲区水资源短缺与土地贫瘠等问题,本研究以黑河中游边缘绿洲为研究区,通过5个土壤(砂壤土S1、S2,砂土S3、S4,壤砂土S5)和3个灌溉处理(28.6%节水灌溉,14.3%节水灌溉I2,常规充分灌溉I3)的田间试验,进行不同土壤条件下节水灌溉对甜高粱生长特征及灌溉水生产力的影响研究,探讨了河西走廊荒漠绿洲区甜高粱适宜种植土壤与灌溉措施。结果表明,在充分灌溉处理下,甜高粱生长特征指标、生物量和灌溉水生产力均低于节水灌溉(I1、I2)。其中,I1和I2茎秆生物量分别较充分灌溉处理增加了7.81%和3.57%,总生物量增加了6.30%和3.17%。此外,I1和I2甜高粱灌溉水生产力为3.63 kg·m-3和2.94 kg·m-3,分别较充分灌溉处理的2.44 kg·m-3提高了48.8%和20.4%。因此,充分灌溉不会提高甜高粱产量,却会显著降低灌溉水生产力。同时,除茎秆汁液锤度外,甜高粱其它生长特征和灌溉水生产力表现为S1 S5 S2 S4 S3。表明甜高粱适合种植于砂壤土和壤砂土,且适当的水分胁迫有利于甜高粱糖分含量的积累与生物产量的提高。     

牧草种植对黄河三角洲盐碱土壤改良效果的动态监测及综合评价

为揭示牧草种植改良盐碱地的效果,更好地开发利用后备土地资源。以黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地为研究对象,采用小区试验、野外取样、室内测试相结合的方法,研究了高丹草、甜高粱和墨西哥玉米3种一年生牧草在1个生长期内对黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤物理、化学和酶活性改良效果的动态变化,并依据土壤质量指数综合评价了改良效果。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量、pH和电导率随生长时间增加呈下降趋势,高丹草和墨西哥玉米在生长旺盛期对土壤pH的降低效果最明显,甜高粱在收获期降低pH的效果最好。3种牧草土壤电导率较CK均显著降低,对20—40 cm土层的降低效果优于0—20 cm土层,其中墨西哥玉米效果最好。(2)种植不同牧草对土壤养分含量有明显改善,其中土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量有显著提升,但对土壤速效钾含量影响不大。(3)3种牧草在不同生长期内对土壤酶活性的影响不同,在生长旺盛期土壤酶活性最强,均显著增强土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶的活性,其中甜高粱对过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性影响最大。(4)不同牧草对盐碱土壤改良指标的贡献值存在差异,综合土壤理化性质、养分含量和土壤酶活性作为土壤评价指标,种植不同牧草后土壤质量从高到低依次为甜高粱＞高丹草＞墨西哥玉米＞CK。研究结果可为黄河三角洲地区盐碱地的植物修复技术和筛选及引进国内外具有高效生态经济效益的耐盐植物提供理论依据和重要参考。     

不同添加剂改善甜高粱青贮质量及其降解性能比较

为提高青贮甜高粱的生物降解特性,克服木质纤维抗降解屏障,该研究比较了纤维素酶(CT组)、木聚糖酶(XT组)、瘤胃液(RT组)和沼液(BT组)4种添加剂对其青贮质量和生物降解性能的动态影响,结合扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱和X-衍射等表征方法评估不同添加剂在青贮过程中的强化作用效果。结果表明,整个青贮发酵期间,4种添加剂均能使青贮pH值显著下降至4.3以下(P0.05),乳酸占总有机酸比例始终高于0.58,乳酸与乙酸比值始终高于2.0,均达到优良青贮发酵品质(除90 d时RT组);其中纤维素酶、木聚糖酶在青贮pH值下降、减少氨氮和乙酸含量、增加乳酸含量等方面更具优势。青贮90d时,4个添加剂组的干物质、可溶性碳水化合物、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素和半纤维素的含量均显著低于原料(P0.05),纤维素含量和生物降解潜力均显著高于原料(P0.05);其中BT组的木质纤维组分降解效果最好。结构表征分析发现,青贮过程中添加沼液和瘤胃液均能有效瓦解甜高粱茎秆的抗降解屏障结构,使微观表面出现孔洞和裂缝,纤维素相对结晶度指数显著下降。上述组分和结构的联动变化显著提升了青贮甜高粱的降解能力。BT组和RT组的酶解得率明显高于CT组和XT组,尤其添加沼液长时间(90 d)青贮发酵后的酶解得率最高,生物强化作用效果最好,瘤胃液次之。总之,4种添加剂均能通过有机组分重组优化、木质纤维结构"正向"演变等方式改善甜高粱的青贮质量,提高生物降解能力。结合添加剂成本投入、方便易得、废物利用等因素综合考虑,建议实际生产中选择资源量较为丰富的沼液进行添加,既可同步实现甜高粱跨季贮存与生物强化,也为沼液减排和循环利用提供了一条新途径。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.