不同气体贮藏条件对寒富苹果采后果实品质的影响

将寒富苹果分别置于10组不同比例O2和CO2的气调装置中（对照是流动的空气）,在0℃条件下贮藏60d．研究不同气调参数对贮藏期间果实品质及褐变的影响。结果表明,气调贮藏果实的硬度虽然保持较好,但是都不同程度地产生了CO2伤害,当环境中的CO2浓度〉1％时,果实NCO2伤害而产生褐变。VC含量减少,电导率上升。总体品质下降,然而对照果实始终未发生褐变的现象。说明寒富苹果是不耐CO2气体的苹果品种,贮藏期出现的果实褐变是由CO2伤害造成的。因此,寒富苹果在贮藏时．应及时通风换气．如在贮藏中采用塑料袋包装,应避免扎口,防止果实产生CO2伤害。     

园黄梨气调贮藏研究初报

研究了气调指标对园黄梨贮藏效果的影响。结果表明，气调贮藏可抑制梨果实呼吸作用，减少果实消耗，保持硬度，并有利于提高果实品质。适宜的气体组合可延缓果实衰老，防止果实褐变且延长贮藏期。5％O2＋0％～1％CO2是长期贮藏园黄梨的理想气体指标。     

不同气调贮藏方式对大久保桃冷藏后品质的影响

研究了不同气调贮藏方式(变动气调、间歇气调、常规(静态)气调)对大久保桃冷藏及货架期3 d后果实品质变化的影响.结果表明,与冷藏对照相比,适宜的气调处理可明显降低果实冷害的敏感性、延缓果肉组织膜透性和褐变度的上升趋势、减轻出汁率的上升,有效保持了果实硬度、色泽、风味;对可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的影响不大;其中较适宜气体指标是5% O2+ 10% CO2;与常规(静态)气调相比,变动气调贮藏进一步降低了果实的冷敏感性,减轻了在低温条件下果实的冷害症状,贮藏70 d,果肉无褐变,货架期间,仍保持了较好的后熟特性,改善了果实的贮后品质.     

气调处理对“早生新水”梨果实贮藏品质的影响

为研究气调环境对冷藏和货架期间早生新水’梨果实贮藏品质的影响,筛选其适宜的气调贮藏技术参数,对其冷藏和货架期间果实失重率、腐烂率、糖、酸、叶绿素含量及果皮色差进行测定。结果表明：低温冷藏60d,货架期3d,对照果实果皮和果心出现褐变,固有风味降低。处理Ⅴ的梨果实冷藏和货架期间果皮、果肉和果心严重发黑、果肉呈水渍状,果皮有汁液溢出。适宜比例的O 2、和CO 2气体配比组合可抑制冷藏和货架期间果实糖损耗和果实褐变。综合得出：1% CO2、8% O2 和92%N2 的气体配比（处理Ⅲ）可显著降低冷藏期间果实带皮硬度的下降速率,抑制果实葡萄糖、果糖和山梨醇的降解、以及果实果皮叶绿素尤其是叶绿素b的降解或氧化,延缓果实褐变,较好的保持果实固有风味;较好地保持货架期间胚乳的完整、色泽和果实固有风味,抑制果肉褐变。1% CO2、8% O2 和92%N2的气体配比结合温度为1±0.5 ℃、相对湿度为80%-85%的冷藏参数,可使果实的冷藏期延长至60d,货架期3d。     

气调贮藏对接种粉红单端孢霉苹果的影响研究

以接种粉红单端孢霉（Trichothecium roseum）的红富士苹果为试材，通过测定果实中毒素种类及含量、粉红单端孢霉生长情况及相关生理指标的变化，研究不同气调贮藏条件对接种苹果产生毒素水平及相关生理指标的影响。结果表明：在气调Ⅰ（3%~4% O2+1%~2% CO2）、气调Ⅱ（3%~4% O2+3%~4%CO2）、气调Ⅲ（3%~4% O2+5%~6% CO2）3种气体环境中，粉红单端孢霉均能生长，在贮藏的中后期，气调Ⅱ环境中苹果的腐烂直径显著高于气调Ⅰ和气调Ⅲ（P＜0.05）。气调Ⅱ环境中接种苹果的毒素含量始终高于气调Ⅰ和气调Ⅲ。在3种气调环境下贮藏25 d时，气调Ⅲ苹果的可溶性固形物含量最低，气调Ⅱ环境下的苹果中可滴定酸含量高于气调Ⅰ和气调Ⅲ，高体积分数的二氧化碳可以推迟果实呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰的出现。综上所述，适当提高CO2体积分数可以影响接种苹果中毒素含量及相关生理指标，进而延长果实贮藏期。     

树莓气调贮藏研究初报

研究了气调指标对树莓果实贮藏效果的影响。试验结果表明,树莓果实最佳气调贮藏条件为CO2≤10％,O2≥5％,在上述气调环境条件下,贮藏20天后树莓果实仍可保持较好的品质质量。     

动态气调对"翠香"猕猴桃贮藏效果的影响

为了提高"翠香"猕猴桃在贮藏和销售中的果实品质,采用乙醇含量为指示的动态气调(0～30 d:1.5％O2+5.5％CO2;30～60 d:2.5％O2+4.5％CO2;60～100 d:3.5％O2+3.5％CO2),并与普通气调(2.5％O2+4.5％CO2)、机械冷藏相比较,研究其对"翠香"猕猴桃贮藏期间生理营养品质变化和冷害表现的影响.结果表明:贮藏100 d时,与机械冷藏相比,动态气调显著延缓了果实硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降,保持了可溶性固形物和VC含量,降低呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率;与普通气调相比,动态气调可有效抑制果实的腐烂率和失重率的上升,显著减少贮藏后期冷害的发生,更好地保持果实品质,延长猕猴桃的贮藏期与货架期.动态气调的保鲜效果最好,在一定程度上减少了果实后期病害,提高果实的贮藏品质.     

气调贮藏对黄金梨果实品质的影响

比较研究了在0℃条件下不同气体成分对黄金梨果实品质及果心果肉褐变的影响。试验结果表明,CO2浓度的变化较O2浓度的变化影响显著。较高CO2浓度(5%)条件下,虽能保持果实硬度,但使内源乙烯释放量升高、细胞膜透性增大,果心褐变程度加重。适宜的气体成分组合为O2浓度5%左右,CO2浓度<1%,在此条件下黄金梨可贮藏保鲜5～6个月。     

冰温气调对红富士苹果贮藏效果的影响

研究了冰温条件下不同气体成分对红富士苹果果实生理及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,八成熟红富士苹果的冰点为-1．5℃,其冰点温度与果实的成熟度呈负相关;适宜的冰温气调贮藏条件可明显地抑制红富士苹果呼吸及乙烯释放速率．减缓果实组织相对电导率的上升和杲肉硬度及可溶性固形物（TSS）的下降速率,贮藏8个月仍能保持良好的品质;红富士苹果较长期冰温贮藏的适宜气体指标为：O2 1％～3％,CO2〈2％。     

气调贮藏对玉露香梨品质的影响

在（0±1）℃条件下,研究了不同气体组分对玉露香梨果实采后生理及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,适当的低O2可有效地延缓玉露香梨贮藏过程中果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量的下降,减缓果肉组织相对电导率的升高,抑制酚类物质下降及PPO活性的上升。玉露香梨适宜的气调指标阈值为C02〈1％,O25％～10％;承受CO2的极值为1％,承受低O2的极值为5％。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Some physiological and photosynthetic characters of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids

Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO₂ compensation pointdistinguishing C₃ and C₄ plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO₂ compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C₃ rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T CO₂ compensation point - T21 CO₂ compensation point at 21% O₂ - T2 CO₂ compensation point at 2% O₂ - dR/sR deep Root-to-shoot Ratio - LAR Leaf Area Ratio - CER photosynthetic rate - TR/SR Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio