温州市犬狂犬病免疫情况调查

为了解浙江省温州市犬狂犬病免疫情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验,检测351份血浆样本中的狂犬病病毒IgG抗体。结果显示,该地区犬狂犬病病毒IgG抗体阳性率为46.44%(163/351);雄犬抗体阳性率略高于雌犬(P0.05),已进行绝育/去势术的犬阳性率极显著高于未进行绝育/去势术的犬(P0.01);成年犬的抗体阳性率极显著高于幼年犬(P0.01)和老年犬(P0.01);家养宠物犬的抗体阳性率极显著高于训导场内的犬(P0.01)和流浪犬(P0.01)。综上提示,温州地区犬狂犬病病毒IgG抗体阳性率相对处于中等水平,应进一步加强对流浪犬和训导场内犬的管理,扩大犬的免疫覆盖率,以控制该地区狂犬病的传播。     

改良凝集试验(MAT)对犬弓形虫的流行病学调查

为调查湖北省、山东省、江苏省、湖南省犬弓形虫感染情况,利用改良凝集试验检测犬血清弓形虫抗体,采用小鼠肉瘤S180细胞培养弓形虫速殖子,甲醛固定抗原后悬浮于碱性缓冲液中,用2-巯基乙醇处理待测血清。对采自湖北、山东、江苏、湖南四省的925份犬血清进行弓形虫抗体检测。结果表明:犬血清弓形虫抗体平均阳性率为8.2%(76/925),湖北省、山东省、江苏省、湖南省犬弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为20.0%(40/200)、13.5%(27/200)、2.0%(4/200)、1.5%(5/325)。湖北省最高,与山东省相比差异显著(P0.05),与其他两省相比差异极显著(P0.01);公犬阳性率为8.0%(36/451),母犬阳性率为8.4%(40/474),二者差异不显著(P0.05)。     

北京地区犬猫弓形虫病流行病学调查

为初步调查北京地区犬猫弓形虫感染的流病学特征,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测2010年5月至2011年4月采集的家养犬猫、流浪猫血清样本.其中,家养犬血清样本1876份,家养猫血清样本561份,检测发现,家养犬动物弓形虫IgG抗体阳性率24.9％;家养猫弓形虫IgG阳性率21.2％;同时检测流浪猫样本201份,阳性率30.3％.家养犬弓形虫血清抗体阳性率不同季节间差异显著(P＜0.05),夏季最高,为30.0％,家养猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率不同季节间无显著差异(P＞0.05).不同性别犬猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率无显著差异(P＞0.05).随着年龄增长,犬猫弓形虫抗体阳性率均有明显增长.对25例弓形虫抗体阳性家养犬病例和37例弓形虫抗体阳性家养猫病例进行了回访调查,结果发现,该62例动物主人的弓形虫检测结果均为阴性.     

北京地区犬猫弓形虫和新孢子虫感染的检测与分析

了解犬、猫弓形虫和新孢子虫感染情况,应用SPA-ELISA和ICT对2008-2011年间收集的北京地区137份流浪猫、186份宠物猫和763份宠物犬及其他部分省市的57份乡村犬进行血清抗体检测;同时,提取猫及部分犬的血样DNA,分别扩增弓形虫和新孢子虫特异性基因片段。结果显示,流浪猫和宠物猫弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为24.1%(33/137)和13.4%(25/186),宠物犬和乡村犬分别为14.5%(111/763)和24.6%(14/57),不同来源的犬或猫抗体阳性率差异显著(P0.05);流浪猫和宠物猫的新孢子虫抗体阳性率分别为7.30%(10/137)和6.45%(12/186),宠物犬和乡村犬分别为6.06%(8/132)和10.5%(6/57),差异均不显著(P0.05)。宠物猫和流浪猫基因检测的阳性率分别为3.65%和2.15%,差异不显著(χ2=0.22,P0.05);132份宠物犬和29份乡村犬基因检测阳性率分别为18.2%和6.90%,差异显著(P0.05)。血液中虫体特异性基因检出率低于血清抗体检出率。宠物犬和宠物猫弓形虫和新孢子虫感染随着年龄增加呈上升趋势,但各年龄段差异不显著(P0.05)。     

湖南省长沙市宠物医院犬弓形虫病血清学调查

为了解湖南省长沙市宠物犬弓形虫感染状况,2017—2018年对长沙市宠物监测点的犬只抽样,采用间接酶联免疫方法进行弓形虫抗体检测。2017年共抽检血清707份,发现抗体阳性率为9.34%;2018年抽检血清711份,发现抗体阳性率为8.02%,较2017年稍微下降。从不同地区比较,天心区弓形虫感染率较高,均在13%以上;芙蓉区、岳麓区阳性率出现下降趋势,其中芙蓉区下降最快,从9.88%下降到4.79%,岳麓区从10.20%下降到6.98%;其他两区阳性率维持在7%～9%之间,相对平衡。对不同犬种、性别、年龄及季节进行比较分析发现,不同品种犬的弓形虫感染情况有差异,萨摩、中华田园、雪纳瑞、博美、柯基等犬种的阳性率相对偏高,在10%以上;犬弓形虫感染与性别关联性不大,差异不显著(P=0.086, 0.05);1岁以上犬的阳性率明显高于1岁以下犬,差异显著(P=0.012,0.05);不同季节犬只的弓形虫抗体阳性率差异显著(P=0,0.05)。调查表明:长沙市城区存在一定的犬弓形虫流行,整体呈下降趋势;犬弓形虫感染与年龄、季节相关,年龄越大阳性率越高,冬季更易感染。建议加强犬类管理,向饲养者普及相关饲养及弓形虫病预防知识,尤其是弓形虫感染严重地区;定期做好弓形虫检查和驱虫工作,重点关注感染率较高的犬种和1岁以上犬,尤其是冬季。本研究初步摸清了长沙市城区宠物犬弓形虫的感染程度及分布特点,为今后弓形虫病防控提供了数据支撑。     

闵行区犬猫弓形虫感染情况调查

为调查和了解闵行区犬猫弓形虫感染情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)方法分别对2021—2022年采集的1 071份犬血清样品和230份猫血清样品开展弓形虫抗体检测。犬猫弓形虫IgG抗体阳性率为18.3%,其中：犬2021年和2022年阳性率分别为18.9%、20.5%,农村犬、犬场犬、宠物犬和流浪犬阳性率分别为25.9%、18.3%、17.4%和16.7%,不同年份、不同来源之间阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05);猫2021年和2022年阳性率分别为10.3%、12.6%,不同年份之间阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05),宠物猫和流浪猫阳性率分别为7.3%、15.7%,不同来源之间阳性率差异显著(P<0.05)。结果提示：闵行区犬猫弓形虫感染率较高,且犬的感染率高于猫,存在公共卫生安全隐患。     

福州动物园野生动物弓形虫感染的血清学调查及用药效果观察

采用改良凝集试验(MAT),对福州动物园27种110只兽类和鸟类动物血清作弓形虫抗体Ig G检测,然后用复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠可溶性粉配合叶酸、葡醛内脂,对部分弓形虫阳性的野生动物进行治疗试验。弓形虫感染的血清学结果显示弓形虫的抗体总阳性率为22.7%(25/110):其中肉食性兽类组阳性率13.3%(2/15);植食性兽类组阳性率39.5%(15/38);灵长类组阳性率19.0%(4/21);鸟类组阳性率11.1%(4/36)。植食性兽类弓形虫感染阳性率显著高于其他动物。对动物群体中弓形虫抗体滴度分布的拟合显示,符合负二项分布。药物试验结果显示9只动物中治疗有效率为55.56%,转阴率11.11%,表明药物治疗试验效果明显。     

动物医院临床血清样品中干扰抗体的筛查及干扰消除

为了筛查动物医院临床血清样本中的干扰抗体以避免其实验室检测结果呈现假阳性,影响临床诊断,试验采用一种独立于物种的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法对来自于福建省部分地区动物医院接诊的犬、猫血清样本进行干扰抗体筛选和评估,用鸡IgY替换纯化小鼠IgG进行干扰抗体消除试验,并对干扰抗体阳性率与样本基本特征进行关联性分析。结果表明：在83份犬血清样本中,有19份样本为干扰抗体阳性,阳性率为22.9%;在81份猫血清样本中,有11份样本为干扰抗体阳性,阳性率为13.6%。经干扰抗体消除试验后,所有阳性血清样本中的干扰抗体均得到了有效消除。不同年龄、性别、绝育情况与品种犬之间的干扰抗体阳性率均差异不显著(P>0.05);不同年龄猫之间的干扰抗体阳性率显著差异(P<0.05),不同性别、绝育情况与品种之间的干扰抗体阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明所检测的犬、猫血清样本中存在干扰抗体,用鸡IgY替换纯化小鼠IgG可对干扰抗体进行有效消除。     

遵义地区H3N2亚型犬流感病毒血清学调查

为了解遵义地区H3N2亚型犬流感病毒(Canine influenza virus,CIV)感染情况,本研究采用酶联免疫吸附试验对遵义市区及周边农村收集的320份血清样本进行了抗体检测。结果显示,遵义地区H3N2亚型CIV抗体整体阳性率为8.44%(27/320);农村田园犬抗体阳性率(9.24%)高于市区宠物犬(7.96%),但差异不具有显著统计学意义(P0.05);雄性犬的抗体阳性率(8.79%)高于雌性(7.97%),差异不显著,不具有统计学意义(P0.05);1～3岁的青年犬抗体阳性率最高(9.63%),其次为幼犬(8.62%),3岁以上犬最低(6.25%),差异不显著,不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结果表明,遵义地区存在H3N2亚型犬流感病毒感染,相关部门应加强防范。     

广东省东莞市犬猫3种重要人兽共患病血清学调查

为了解广东省东莞市犬猫中狂犬病、弓形虫病、布鲁氏菌病3种重要人兽共患病的抗体水平,采集东莞市32个镇（街）1 303份犬猫血清样品,其中犬1 174份、猫129份,应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）进行3种疫病的血清学检测。结果显示：犬猫狂犬病免疫抗体阳性率为80.74%,仅在犬中检出弓形虫抗体阳性,抗体阳性率为0.85%,未检出布鲁氏菌抗体阳性样品。宠物型犬猫狂犬病免疫抗体阳性率显著高于土养型（P <0.01）,> 3岁犬猫的抗体阳性率显著高于3岁及以下犬猫（P <0.05）;土养犬弓形虫抗体阳性率显著高于宠物犬（P <0.05）,<1岁犬阳性率显著高于1岁及以上犬。结果表明：东莞市犬猫狂犬病免疫抗体阳性率较高,免疫效果较好,但存在犬弓形虫的潜在感染风险;犬猫饲养方式和年龄会对抗体阳性率产生一定影响。结果提示,应加强犬猫3种重要人兽共患病的监测,根据监测结果制定针对性的防控措施。本调查基本掌握了当前东莞市犬猫3种重要人兽共患病的抗体水平,为下一步制定相应防控措施提供了参考。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.