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发情鉴定是奶牛养殖的重要环节,鉴定效率低会降低繁殖效率、拉长胎产奶时间,影响养殖经济效益。在直肠检查、尾根涂蜡、计步器等多种发情鉴定方法中,计步器因较高的检测效率和可自动鉴定等特点被广泛应用,但活动量监测研究结果差异很大,监测设备佩戴部位不同也会影响检测结果。母牛发情是躯体内外刺激的综合反应,是神经、体液调节的综合结果,因躯体各部位与繁殖系统的相关性不同,各部位运动习惯也有差异,导致耳部、颈部、腿部、尾部等发情时活动量差异,并影响发情鉴定结果。本文综述了奶牛发情的生理特征、阴道表现及行为规律,指出系统研究奶牛躯体各部位活动量变化规律,对提升发情鉴定效率具有重要意义。 相似文献
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对于大型的奶牛养殖场来说,传统的人工观察检测奶牛发情,不仅费时费力,生产效率低,并且极其容易因为漏检和发情时间鉴别不准而错过奶牛的发情期,导致错过最佳配种时间,对于提高奶牛繁殖率和牛奶产量非常不利。笔者利用UCOWS奶牛发情监测系统检测宁夏平吉堡某个体奶牛场奶牛的发情情况,对UCOWS检出的发情牛数和实际直检参配的发情数作一致性评测,旨在探讨提高奶牛发情检出率,为提高奶牛繁殖效率,降低奶牛繁殖障碍的发生,缩短胎间距,提高奶业生产的经济效益提供技术支撑。选取93头育成荷斯坦奶牛,120头经产荷斯坦奶牛用UCOWS奶牛发情监测系统检测奶牛发情,收到发情信息的奶牛,用直肠检查的方法进行发情鉴定,评价UCOWS法和直肠触诊发情结果一致性。结果表明,育成牛K值为70.6%,经产牛K值为85.00%,即说明UCOWS法和直肠检查确诊发情结果符合率很高,UCOWS奶牛发情监测系统完全能够用于奶牛发情鉴定。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014,(16)
对于大型的奶牛养殖场来说,传统的人工观察检测奶牛发情,不仅费时费力,生产效率低,并且极其容易因为漏检和发情时间鉴别不准而错过奶牛的发情期,导致错过最佳配种时间,对于提高奶牛繁殖率和牛奶产量非常不利。笔者利用UCOWS奶牛发情监测系统检测宁夏平吉堡某个体奶牛场奶牛的发情情况,对UCOWS检出的发情牛数和实际直检参配的发情数作一致性评测,旨在探讨提高奶牛发情检出率,为提高奶牛繁殖效率,降低奶牛繁殖障碍的发生,缩短胎间距,提高奶业生产的经济效益提供技术支撑。选取93头育成荷斯坦奶牛,120头经产荷斯坦奶牛用UCOWS奶牛发情监测系统检测奶牛发情,收到发情信息的奶牛,用直肠检查的方法进行发情鉴定,评价UCOWS法和直肠触诊发情结果一致性。结果表明,育成牛K值为70.6%,经产牛K值为85.00%,即说明UCOWS法和直肠检查确诊发情结果符合率很高,UCOWS奶牛发情监测系统完全能够用于奶牛发情鉴定。 相似文献
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高效发情鉴定是提高母牛繁殖力、提升牛场经济效益的重要途径。随着奶牛养殖规模越来越大,传统人工观察已难以适应规模场奶牛发情鉴定需要。计步器发情鉴定难以检出安静发情,无法提高发情检出率。虽然体温参数发情鉴定潜力大,但母牛全身被毛,体表测温不理想,而接触式测温采集部位有限,可穿戴设备研发难度较大,不同采集部位牛只体温数据差别很大,为此,本文综述了前人利用奶牛躯体不同部位体温数据发情鉴定的结果,比较分析了发情奶牛各部位体温变化规律与发情的关系,为研发高效母牛发情鉴定技术提供科学参考。 相似文献
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本实验旨在通过对奶牛场发情监测设备数据的综合分析,探究奶牛产后首次发情行为变化规律及胎次、季节、泌乳水平等因素对发情行为的影响,提高牛场数字化管理水平。本研究采集了2018年7月—2019年8月北京延庆某奶牛养殖场315头产后母牛首次发情信息,共计20475项相关数据,包括发情日期、活动量、反刍量、胎次、产奶量等,运用Excel整理数据,结合SPSS 21.0软件进行多因素方差分析。结果表明:奶牛发情当天活动量极显著增加,由发情前的168.25步/h增长到363.3步/h(P<0.01),反刍时间显著下降,由发情前的505.1 min/d下降至431.1 min/d(P<0.05);春、夏、秋、冬四季发情奶牛分别占总发情牛数的35.0%、22.6%、14.8%和27.4%,其中,秋、冬两季奶牛首次发情时活动量及反刍时间变化显著;随着奶牛胎次的增加,奶牛发情时发情行为呈减弱趋势;高产奶牛活动量及活动量变化量均显著低于中产奶牛和低产奶牛。综上,在分析使用发情监测数据时,应综合考虑季节、胎次、泌乳水平等影响因素,以便科学利用现代数字化监测系统提高奶牛产后首次发情揭发率与配种率。 相似文献
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在奶牛养殖过程中,对奶牛发情行为及时检测,可以有效帮助养殖户对奶牛进行适时配种及产犊管理,并延长泌乳期,从而提高奶牛的养殖效益.随着奶牛养殖规模化程度的提高,传统的奶牛发情人工检测方法由于对人员经验要求高及劳动强度大,已经不适合集约化养殖农场的需求,因此本文引入机器视觉算法.该方法设计了针对奶牛监控视频反映的发情行为实... 相似文献
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在奶牛养殖中及时准确地监测奶牛发情可以使奶牛适时受孕、产犊并提高泌乳量。奶牛发情时会产生爬跨行为,通过监测奶牛背部爬跨压力及尾部压力可以进行发情的及时判断,对提高奶牛养殖效益有重要意义。笔者采用AT89C52单片机作为控制器,用薄膜压力传感器采集奶牛背部压力、尾部压力信息,使用OLED(Organic light-emitting diode)显示屏进行人机交互完成了压力监测终端的设计,并开发了Android平台的手机APP(Application)压力监测系统,通过ESP8266 WIFI模块完成爬跨压力数据的远程无线传输,实现了奶牛发情爬跨行为的无线远程监测。该监测系统成本低、安装方便、实时性好,能够实现奶牛背部和尾部爬跨压力的手机APP远程监测,从而能及时有效地对发情状态的奶牛进行人工授精干预。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献