果树根系对地上部的调控及其与水分利用效率的关系

就果树根系对地上部的调控、根源信使的确认及其对水分利用效率(WUE)的 调节等方面进行了评述,并在此基础上提出了调整根系在上下层土壤中的分配比例、改善根 冠平衡、实施隔行交替灌溉等提高果树WUE的技术设想。     

番荔枝品种选育和栽培生理研究进展

概述了热带果树番荔枝（Ａｎｎｏｎａ ｓｐｐ．）在选种育种和栽培生理方面的研究进展，包括种质资源，实生树和砧木选种，杂交育种，人工授粉，产期调节以及温度、水分、矿质元素等生态因子对番荔枝生长发育的影响，并就国内番荔枝研究的发展方向进行了探讨。     

水分对蔬菜生长动态和生理活动的影响

从叶片、产量、根系变化和光合作用、蒸腾作用、水分利用效率、气孔行为等方面综述了水分状况对蔬菜作物生长动态和生理活动的影     

“红富士”苹果离体/活体枝叶光合作用及水分利用效率的季节变化

以25a生"红富士"苹果为试材,于生长季节对饱和水分环境的离体枝条叶片与活体叶片的水势和光合作用进行了连续观测,以探索年周期内果树生长不同发育阶段叶片水分状况对光合作用和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:在"红富士"苹果生育期前半阶段的展叶抽梢期、开花坐果期、花芽分化期,由于尚未进入降雨季节,叶片水势不断下降,光合速率和蒸腾速率都明显小于离体枝条叶片,叶片水势的降低在一定程度上限制了蒸腾速率,但是也同样降低了光合速率,导致水分利用效率逐渐下降。因此在4~5月份抽梢展叶期和开花坐果期应当及时进行灌水补充,6月份适度的水分胁迫则有利于花芽分化。在7、8月份冠层蒸腾作用强烈,叶片的水势下降明显,此时的水分胁迫限制了蒸腾速率,提高了水分利用效率。由于此期已经进入雨季,除个别干旱年份以外,通常无需灌溉。在9月份以后进入果树生长发育后期,随着日照时数和气温逐日下降,活体叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率与离体枝条叶片的差异变小,树体的水分利用效率提高,一般不予灌溉。     

中国农业大学发现一个新的气孔密度调节因子,可提高番茄水分利用效率

正番茄作为世界范围内重要的蔬菜作物,在生产过程中需水量大。利用生物技术提高番茄的水分利用效率,对响应政府农业节水增效的号召具有重要的理论和实际意义。植物可以通过增加水分的吸收或减少水分的散失等途径提高抗旱能力,在这一过程中气孔发挥着重要作用。植物可通过调节气孔开闭和气孔密度调节水分利用效率,从而调控植物抗旱能力。2020年8月16日,中国农业大学园艺学院郭仰东课题组在Plant,Cell Environment在线发表了题为"Sl     

需水非关键期节水栽培对果树生长发育的影响

在果实发育早期进行节水栽培,可以改变植物的生理生化过程,调节光合产物在不同器官之间的分配,控制树体过旺生长,实现矮化密植,达到提高水肥利用效率,保证一定的产量和改善品质的目的。这种需水非关键期节水栽培方式不但满足了果树需水要求,而且可大量节约用水,对农业的可持续发展具有深远的意义。1 需水非关键期节水栽培对营养生长的影响1.1 茎干的加粗生长 首先,水分胁迫对果树营养生长的影响最先表现出来的是抑制茎干的加     

巴县柑桔产量与四月份降水量关系的初探

水分是果树等植物的重要组成部分,它参加果树体内营养物质的合成、输导和转化,维持细胞膨压,溶解土壤中矿质营养,平衡树体温度,调节土壤与空气的温度和湿度,使果树的生长发育活动得以进行。适度的水分(来自自然降水和人工灌溉)是柑桔等果树高产、优质的必要条件。     

旱地果园节水栽培技术综述

近年来果树在山区丘陵地迅速发展，已成为这些地区群众脱贫致富的主导产业之一，但干旱缺水是制约果树生产的主要限制因素，有相当多的果园无灌溉条件，即使有灌溉条件，果区水分利用效率也非常低，因此，充分利用现有的水资源，进行旱作节水灌溉，是旱地果业发展的方向。     

水肥耦合在我国果树上的应用现状及展望

<正>水肥耦合是指水分和肥料二因素之间的相互作用对植物生长及其利用效率的影响。以往对大田作物的水肥耦合技术和效果研究较多,目前在果树植物上报道较少。果园系统中,水分和养分之     

果树根系与水分关系

论述水分与果树根系形态结构、吸水功能等方面的关系,探讨果树根系的抗旱机理以及提高根系水分利用率的调控措施。     

水分调控对核桃叶片结构和产量的影响

 测定了沟坡梯田核桃园采用不同水分调控措施后, 核桃叶片结构指标和单株产量。结果表明,灌水225 kg/ 株、灌水150 kg/ 株、覆膜、覆草处理对核桃叶片结构影响显著, 灌水225 kg/ 株处理使核桃增产43. 1 % , 中度修剪和覆草处理增产29 %以上。     

果树水分胁迫研究进展

从水分胁迫对果树叶、根的形态指标及显微结构 ,叶片气孔行为、光合作用、光抑制、活性氧代谢、脂氧合酶代谢、多胺代谢、脯氨酸、核酸代谢、内源激素变化等生理生化方面综述了近十几年来的研究成果 ,为全面研究果树抗旱机理及进一步制定抗旱措施奠定理论基础     

年橘“三疏三改”技术及效果分析

摘要：针对龙门县结果年橘进入衰退期，产量、品质开始下降，幼年柑橘出现黄化的现状，2008年开始在部分果场进行试验，总结出一套“三疏三改”综合技术措施，即“疏树”、“疏枝”、“疏果”、“改水”、“改土”、“改施肥习惯”，对提高果实品质、延长年橘结果年限、提高果农收入具有重要作用。     

Water spray as a potential thinning agent for date palm flowers (Phoenix dactylifera L.) c.v. ‘Lulu’

Flower or fruit thinning is a critical cultural practice in the date palm production chain that affects fruit development, quality and yield and regulates tree yearly bearing. Development of a save and economic thinning agent for date palm is critically required especially under harsh conditions. During 2004 and 2005 seasons, water spray for 3 min was applied at different times following mechanical pollination on ‘Lulu’ date palm cultivar growing under Al-Ain oasis conditions. The results showed that water spray following pollination generally decreased fruit set percentage to different extent depending of the time of application. In this respect, the most effective treatment was water spray after 4 h following pollination. This treatment significantly decreased fruit set percentage (48%) compared to the control (79%), as the mean of both seasons. However, the other treatments including water spray 1 h before pollination also decreased fruit set percentage but to a lesser extent. Fruit quality characteristics especially fruit and flesh weight, length and diameter were significantly increased by water spray treatments during the 2004 season, in contrast to the 2005 season. Thinning with water significantly decreased both bunch weight and total yield per tree at the Tamr stage especially when applied after 4 h following pollination. To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study investigating the role of water as a potential thinning agent for date palm flowers. The use of water spray as a save and economic thinner needs, however, more research work to justify the time following pollination and duration of application which may vary upon cultivar, method of pollination and district.     

榛子果实不同生育期叶片含水量光谱反演

以平欧杂种榛为研究对象,分析不同水分梯度条件下榛子果实不同生育期叶片光谱特征,采用Person相关分析筛选出榛子叶片含水量有效光谱特征参量,并以此为自变量构建榛子叶片含量一次函数、三次函数回归关系,对拟合度较高的模型进行精度分析,以确定适合榛子叶片含水量光谱反演模型,构建了榛子叶片含水量光谱反演模型,以期实现大田生产园中榛子树体水分含量的精准管理。结果表明:榛子叶片光谱反射率在可见光波段随含水量增加而降低,在近红外波段则随叶片含水量增加而增加。果实坐果期、速生生长期、脂化期和成熟期叶片含水量与水分指数WI、归一化水分指数NDVI、比值指数WI/NDVI、水分波段指数WBI、中心波长比值指数Ratio₉₇₅、光化/生理反射指数PRI均达极显著相关。分别以相关性最强的有效光谱特征参量WI/NDVI、WI/NDVI、WI和WBI构建果实4个生育时期的树体含水量的三次函数估算模型具有较高精度。以上结果表明利用光谱反演模型监测榛子树体含水量是可行的。     

结果期不同水溶肥对温室草莓产量及含糖量的影响简

通过对温室草莓结果期滴灌施3种不同水溶肥对草莓产量和品质的影响,筛选草莓结果期适宜的水溶肥。结果表明：与常规对照相比,采用金土地、芭田水溶肥和圣诞树水溶肥,草莓分别增产3.8%、6.8%和13.4%,水分生产效率分别增加0.3 kg/m^3、0.5 kg/m^3和1.1 kg/m^3,可溶性固形物含量分别增加0.6、2.0和1.1个百分点。因此,生产中草莓结果期推荐使用芭田和圣诞树两种水溶肥,其溶解性好、无杂质,对草莓产量和品质都有较大提高。     

不同浓度水杨酸处理对金柑果实贮藏保鲜效果的影响

试验分别在采前1个月和采后对果实进行0.5、1.5、2.5mmol/L水杨酸和清水处理,探讨不同浓度水杨酸处理对金柑果实贮藏性的影响,找出水杨酸处理金柑的最佳浓度和作用时间。结果表明:水杨酸处理可有效地降低金柑果实贮藏过程中的腐烂率和失重率,且采前处理较采后处理效果明显,其中以采前1.5mmol/L水杨酸处理效果最好,各浓度水杨酸处理对果实品质没有负面影响。     

Root growth following defruiting improves peach tree water status

Summary

Tree growth and water status throughout the growing season and after fruit removal were studied in container-grown peach trees. Trees with fruit (F) and defruited (DF) trees were sampled destructively at bud break (8 March), 1 month after fruit removal (3 June), at harvest (6 August), and before leaf fall (15 October) to determine the mass of leaves, current season shoots, branches, trunk, and the entire root system. Tree water status was determined from the mid-day stem water potential (SWP) the day before each sampling date. Root growth in DF trees was greater than that observed in F trees, while the above-ground biomass was similar in DF and F trees. DF trees therefore had lower leaf:root biomass ratios than F trees throughout the fruit growing season. Environmental factors did not fully explain the seasonal variations in SWP, but there was a significant correlation between leaf:root biomass ratios and SWP. Reductions in leaf:root biomass ratios were accompanied by increases in SWP and, ultimately, DF trees had higher SWP values than F trees in mid-Summer. Improvements in tree water status following fruit removal can be explained, in part, by additional root growth.     

云南特有野生果树资源及其分布特点

 云南有各类野生果树资源约500 余种, 其中云南特有的164种, 分属35科54属, 多为热带、亚热带果树和浆果类果树, 形成滇南—滇东南、滇西—滇西北和滇中—滇东北3个特有野生果树集中分布中心。这些果树资源用途广泛, 优异性状明显, 有待深入研究和综合开发利用。     

Mitigation of severe water stress by fruit thinning in ‘O’Henry’ peach: Implications for fruit quality

Fruit thinning can be used to relieve water stress in peach but it is not known how fruit quality will respond under water limited conditions. To elucidate this, we applied, over the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004, irrigation and fruit thinning treatments to ‘O’Henry’ peach at the onset of Stage III of fruit development. The treatments were full irrigation (FI) and no irrigation (NI) with each receiving three crop load levels: light, commercial and heavy. Fruit size and fruit skin colouration were lower in NI than in FI but the following were higher in NI fruit: firmness, juice titratable acidity and electrical conductivity, and concentrations of dry matter and soluble solids. All the quality parameters were significantly correlated with tree water status, expressed as midday stem water potential. NI fruit matured 5–10 days later than FI fruit. The increased dry matter concentration, juice acidity, and electrical conductivity in NI fruit were indicative of lower quality at harvest. Choosing a light crop load was not effective in improving NI fruit quality except for the size. Since fruit size is the most important fruit quality attribute, its increase might compensate for yield losses resulting from heavy fruit thinning. Nevertheless, when heavy thinning is performed for mitigation of water stress in Stage III, the overall fruit quality will suffer if severe water stress is inevitable because of shortage or lack of irrigation water.