羊布鲁氏菌病及其国内外防控净化措施

布鲁氏菌病(简称"布病")是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种人兽共患传染病.在引起布病的所有布鲁氏菌中,对人和家畜威胁最大的是羊种布鲁氏菌.近年来我国针对布病防控颁布了《国家布鲁氏菌病防治计划(2016-2020年)》等相关文件,但布病尤其是羊布病的发生率仍然处于上升趋势.论文主要介绍国内常用的羊布病的防控方法和策略,并结合国外成...     

布鲁氏菌病的致病机理、流行特征及其防控和防治

布鲁氏杆菌病是由布鲁氏菌属细菌侵入机体引起的牛羊易感的一种人畜共患传染病。布鲁氏杆菌病的发生不仅降低了养殖户的经济效益,还对人的生命健康产生极大威胁。观察最近15年的发病趋势,发现布氏杆菌病疫情在世界范围内呈反弹趋势,我国尤甚。应在之前的防控、防治的基础上,进一步研究布氏杆菌病的发病机理,寻求更加有效的措施降低发病率,并探寻能够降低人感染率的有效方法。本文概述了牛羊布氏杆菌病的发病机理和临床特征,并结合近几年布氏杆菌病的流行情况和国内外已有的防治措施,探寻新背景下能够有效降低感染率的方法。     

浅析郏县红牛布病防控工作

布病是目前世界上流行广、危害大的人畜共患病之一,给畜牧业生产、人民群众生命安全造成了严重威胁。了解布病知识,理清传播途径,把握临床表现,掌握防控措施,提升布病的防控工作能力,是做好布病日常防范的首要任务。     

动物布鲁氏菌病实验室检测技术研究进展

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的人畜共患传染病,对我国畜牧业生产和公共卫生安全造成严重的威胁。科学准确诊断是布鲁氏菌病防控的重要技术依据,然而布鲁氏菌病的检测和确诊一直以来都并非易事,常常需要通过多种检测结果的综合分析,因此发展敏感性高、特异性好的布鲁氏菌的检测技术十分重要。总结并分析了近年来布鲁氏菌检测技术基础研究和临床应用研究方面的最新进展,结合国家动物布鲁氏菌病参考实验室工作经验,对各类检测方法的优缺点和适用范围进行了分析,旨在为动物布病诊断技术的选择和推广应用提供理论和实践依据,为动物布鲁氏菌诊断技术的研究提供方向性思考。     

肃南县畜间布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查报告

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌属细菌引起的多种动物的、急性或慢性的人畜共患传染病。肃南县是畜间布鲁氏菌病防控二类区,为分析县内局部地方畜间布病反弹的原因,县乡两级畜牧兽医部门专题开展了畜间布鲁氏菌病疫源调查和流行病学分析,初步摸清了布鲁氏菌病反弹的主要原因,为进一步开展好畜间布病防控工作提出了切实可行的的建议。     

肉牛布鲁氏杆菌病防控现状及措施

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种急性或慢人畜共患传染病,该病除了导致养牛企业直接经济损失外,还可能发生严重食品安全问题和因人被感染导致的严重公共卫生安全问题。多年来,各级动物防疫部门主要关注奶牛的布病防控,对肉牛的布病防控介入很少,造成肉牛布病感染情况不明、底子不清,防控力度不够。随着规模化肉牛养殖业的不断兴起,肉牛布鲁氏菌病防控可不容缓。因此,必须采取综合措施有效防控肉牛布鲁氏菌病。     

Brucellosis in domestic water buffalo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bubalus bubalis</Emphasis>) of Trinidad and Tobago with comparative epidemiology to cattle

The water buffalo is an important domestic animal worldwide, and the local Buffalypso variety was developed in Trinidad to have improved beef qualities. Brucellosis was diagnosed in Trinidad and Tobago during 1998 in both cattle and domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations. Brucellosis in the latter species is caused by infection with Brucella abortus, similar to bovine brucellosis. Control of brucellosis is of paramount importance to preservation of the genetic diversity of these animals in Trinidad, and this has been complicated by differences in the epidemiology of water buffalo and bovine brucellosis. Some diagnostic tests do not have comparable accuracy between the two species, and the RB51 vaccine does not adequately protect against infection in water buffalo. The water buffalo in Trinidad may also be more resistant to infection than cattle. Development of effective vaccination protocols is key to brucellosis control in Buffalypso in Trinidad, and prohibitions on import of virulent B. abortus strains for vaccine efficacy studies has impeded progress in this area. These Trinidadian strains are of variable virulence; some might be effective for challenge in vaccine efficacy studies, while other, of lower virulence, may be vaccine candidates for use in water buffalo.     

奶牛布鲁氏菌病研究进展

奶牛布鲁氏菌病(Brucellosis)是由布鲁氏菌(Brucella)引起的以奶牛流产为主要特征的一种慢性细菌传染病,该病流行较广,在世界许多国家和地区都曾造成严重的经济损失,同时该病也是目前世界上危害较大的人畜共患病之一。近些年来,由于各种原因造成布病疫情在世界部分地区有所回升,对社会经济发展和人类健康安全构成一种潜在的威胁。本文对奶牛布鲁氏菌病的流行病学、检测及综合防治等方面进行了综述。     

Brucellosis in Argentina

Brucellosis has been recognized in Argentina since the 19th century. Several studies demonstrated the presence of the disease in most of the domestic species. Actually, the estimate of prevalence is that between 10 and 13% of the farm animals are infected with bovine brucellosis with an individual rate of 4–5%. The annual economical losses have been estimated at US$ 60,000,000. The control of bovine brucellosis began in 1932 and successive resolutions have been issued since then. The current resolution indicates that B. abortus S19 is mandatory in female calves between 3 and 8 months of age. The vaccine strain B. abortus RB51 was provisionally approved but only for cattle older than 10 months of age. The brucellosis control program consists principally of test and slaughter. This methodology has been successful mainly in the dairy farms that have the incentive due to increased pricing because of obtaining a low prevalence of the disease. Brucellosis has been found in porcine, caprine, ovine and canine species. All Brucella species have been found in the country. Human brucellosis is an important disease and a national coordinated diagnostic net has been formed to better control the disease in man.     

动物布鲁氏菌病活疫苗生产环节生物安全风险分析与对策

布鲁氏菌病（布病）活疫苗是世界各国防控布病的重要生物资源,我国目前主要生产和应用的布病活疫苗为S2株和A19株。生物安全是布病活疫苗生产过程中的必须优先考虑的重要环节,随着兽药GMP（2020年版）的即将实施,规范布病活疫苗的生产与检验,防控生产环节中的生物安全风险,成为迫切需要研究和解决的突出问题。本文通过对布病活疫苗生产检验、设施维修维护、生产人员个人防护等环节的生物安全风险点进行分析,对布病活疫苗生产线提出改进建议,为相关企业动物布病活疫苗生产提供参考。     

动物布鲁氏菌Rev.1疫苗研究进展

布鲁氏菌病（布病）是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种重要的人畜共患病,对公共卫生有着巨大的威胁。布鲁氏菌Rev.1疫苗研制于上世纪50年代中期,并在欧洲、中东和蒙古等地区被广泛应用于小反刍动物布病的防控,一度被认为是防控小反刍动物布病最为有效的疫苗。但是,由于Rev.1疫苗存在毒力偏强及毒力不稳定等现象,其安全性仍值得关注。本文主要从Rev.1疫苗背景及其菌株的生物学特性、疫苗使用情况以及存在的不足等几个方面进行阐述,以期为Rev.1疫苗的应用和布鲁氏菌相关疫苗的开发提供借鉴。     

我国奶牛布鲁氏菌病防控的现状与防控措施

布鲁氏菌病是一种人畜共患传染病,世界动物卫生组织将其列为B类动物疫病.病牛可通过其产品和代谢产物排出病原菌,感染人和其他动物,引起其他动物发病.国家对奶牛布鲁氏菌病的防控投入了大量的人力、物力,但收效甚微.近年来,不断有人感染布病的报道出现.笔者根据多年的工作体会,对当前我国奶牛布鲁氏菌病的防控做了现状分析,并提出一些对策供大家参考.     

Bovine brucellosis – a comprehensive review

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.     

对花海农场一起羊感染布鲁氏菌病的调查及处置

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的人畜共患病,不仅危害畜牧业健康发展,影响畜产品质量安全,而且严重威胁人类健康。本文通过对玉门市花海农场87只布鲁氏菌病羊只的扑杀消毒、淘汰净化和周边羊只的调查监测,及时、有效地控制了布鲁氏菌病,没有形成蔓延扩散之势。针对调查中找出发生布病的原因和存在问题,结合实际,提出了今后羊布鲁氏菌病的防控对策。     

新时期做好畜牧兽医工作者布病防控的探讨

布鲁氏菌病(以下简称布病)是由布鲁氏菌引起的严重危害人民健康和影响畜牧业发展的人畜共患传染病,我国将其列为二类动物疫病,同时也被《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》列入乙类传染病。2019年12月,中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所发生的因实验室操作不规范,而引起的布病感染事件,为畜牧兽医工作者的布病防控再一次敲响了警钟。本文结合畜牧兽医行业实际,对畜牧兽医工作者的布病防控进行了探讨,提出了一些具有针对性和可操作性的对策建议。     

Importance of brucellosis control programs of livestock on the improvement of one health

Brucellosis not only represents an important health restraint on livestock but also causes high economic losses in many developing countries worldwide. Despite considerable efforts made for the control of brucellosis, the disease is still spreading in many regions (such as the Middle East) where it represents one of the most important health hazards impacting both animals and humans. The present review aims to investigate the efficacy of veterinary control programs regarding brucellosis, with a special focus on current prevention, control, and eradication approaches. The reasons for unsuccessful control programs such as the absence of highly effective vaccines and non-certified bulls are also debated, to understand why the prevalence of brucellosis in livestock is not decreasing in many areas despite considerable efforts taken to date. The importance of governmental and regional investment in brucellosis control remains one of the main limiting factors owing to the limited budget allocated to tackle this disease. In this context, one health concept has generated novel comprehensive approaches with multiple economic implications across the livestock industry and public health. However, the implementation of such global preventive strategies appears to be a key issue for many endemic and low-income countries. According to the collected data, epidemiological contexts including management and trade systems along with well-defined agro-ecological zones should be evaluated in brucellosis endemic countries to improve milk production and to enhance the sustainability of the livestock sector at both national and regional levels.     

An epidemiological and surveillance overview of brucellosis in Romania

This article reports epidemiological investigations on the occurrence of brucellosis in Romania. Like in other former communist countries, data concerning epidemiology of brucellosis and published articles are very few. The epidemiology and control of brucellosis in Romania was analyzed using data made available by the Office International des Epizooties and Veterinary Service of Romania. Romania, like many other developed countries, has eradicated Brucella abortus from cattle since 1969. Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis has never been reported. The incidence of brucellosis in swine and sheep is very rare but still there are a few outbreaks in some regions. In 2000, the number of cases was 47 in swine and 270 cases in sheep. Vaccination against brucellosis is prohibited in Romania.     

布病移动传播风险评估方法的建立

布病是由布鲁氏杆菌引起的一种人畜共患病。本文通过对引起布病传播的风险因子进行综合分析与评价,利用层次分析法,建立目标树图,对各种风险因子建立成对比较判断优选矩阵,计算权重值,并对权重值进行一致性指数检验和随机一致性比率检验,根据权重值大小即传播风险性的大小,有针对性的采取不同的控制措施,从而将患病动物移动造成布病传播的风险控制到最低。     

肃南牧区羊种畜场布鲁氏菌病综合防控净化技术工作讨论

布鲁氏杆菌病是牧区主要人畜共患病之一,受市场等因素影响,牧区与农区的动物及其产品交流频繁,动物疫病发生、流行、传播风险加大。为进一步加强牧区布鲁氏杆菌病防控工作,以肃南县皇城绵羊育种场和赛美奴高山细毛羊种畜繁育公司为示范点,通过集中集成布鲁氏菌病检测净化方法、规范饲养管理行为、严格控制跨区域移动、强制扑杀阳性羊等综合防控措施,探索出适合我县畜间布鲁氏菌病科学的防控策略与成功经验,为我县户、村、乡(镇)实施畜间布鲁氏菌病净化无疫,提供可借鉴可复制的集成示范经验。