1SS-120型深松机的设计

根据本溪地区保护性耕作技术推广要求,借鉴国内多种深松机研制的成功经验,结合大田粮食生产土壤特性和农艺要求,介绍1SS-120型深松机总体设计方案及主要技术参数。该机较好地解决了结构与性能、成本与功能之间的矛盾,简单实用,具有很好的应用价值,经济效益和社会效益显著。     

开展保护性耕作中存在的几个问题

一、我国保护性耕作的发展历程 从20世纪70年代开始,我国科技工作者进行保护性耕作技术试验,但由于偏重农艺技术研究,忽视农机具研发,推广应用面积不大.进入20世纪90年代以来,农业部将保护性耕作技术列入引进项目,根据我国广大农村地块小、拖拉机动力小、经济购买力弱等有别于美、加、澳等的国情,积极开展了适合旱作地区的轻型免耕播种机、深松机、浅松机和适合一年两熟高产地区的免耕播种机创新研究,保护性耕作技术的效益得以体现,应用面积快速增长.尤其是2002年以来,国家将保护性耕作技术列入农业部示范项目,累计投入上亿元资金,保护性耕作技术的示范推广步伐明显加快.     

振动深松机关键部件的设计

为减少深松机耕作阻力和牵引阻力,实现减阻节能高效作业,对振动深松机的关键部件进行优化设计.阐述振动深松机的结构及工作原理,详细说明偏心轴、深松铲铲头与铲柄的设计方案,为今后进行深松机相关的设计提供依据.     

阜新市机械化保护性耕作实施进展

阜新市地处辽宁西部的半干旱地区,旱灾、风灾频繁,土地贫瘠、水土流失严重,不良的气候条件严重地影响了农业生产,造成了农作物产量低而不稳,农民增收困难.自2001年在该地区实施了机械化保护性耕作以来,土壤理化性能逐步得到改善,作物生长条件及农业生态环境日趋好转,促进了粮食增产和农民增收,使农业生产逐渐步入了良性循环和可持续发展的轨道.为此,总结了阜新市5年来实施机械化保护性耕作的经验和做法,为北方干旱地区推广保护性耕作提供了借鉴经验和技术参考.     

辽西北地区保护性耕作关键技术试验研究

针对辽西北地区垄作栽培模式,结合保护性耕作技术要求,通过几年的试验研究,探索出适合辽宁垄作区特别是辽西北地区的保护性耕作技术模式,为辽宁大面积实施保护性耕作提供科学依据和技术、设备保证。     

基于ANSYS的深松机优化分析

深松技术是机械化保护性耕作重要方法,对深松机整体结构设计有利于提高实用性,研究基于ANSYS Workbench的深松机机架力学性能优化。通过UG三维建模软件建立深松机模型,并用ANSYS Workbench对深松机机架模型的静力学性能进行有限元分析,对整体结构优化设计。分析结果表明:减少质量和提高刚度,可避免深松机在正常田间作业时疲劳失效的发生。     

丹东地区保护性耕作技术探讨

保护性耕作是近年来干旱半干旱地区广泛推广的技术,在辽宁东部山区如何推广保护性耕作技术方面,丹东市进行了有益的探索。概述保护性耕作在丹东地区的应用现状,介绍技术模式的主要内容,提出进一步推广保护性耕作技术的思路。     

4种新型深松机具

1 1S-1型振动深松机 由河北省华勤机械股份有限公司(地址:邱县建设街)生产。该机是与免耕覆盖播种机配套作业的一种新型保护性耕作机具。 实施保护性耕作技术,最主要的是免耕覆盖播种,但每隔3～5年要深松1次。用该机深松可打破长期翻耕形成的犁底层,有利于雨水的入渗与作物根系的发育,不打乱耕作层,能改善土壤的透水、透气性和土壤的团粒结构。该机结构简单、性能可靠、操作方便。     

辽宁地区水田机械化保护性耕作技术研究

实施水田保护性耕作可以改善环境,提高水田生产能力。阐述辽宁地区水田保护性耕作主要环节的技术规范与注意事项,以期为促进该项技术效用的充分发挥和辽宁地区水稻生产的可持续发展提供技术支持。     

4种新型深松机具

1 1S-1型振动深松机 由河北省华勤机械股份有限公司(地址:邱县建设街)生产.该机是与免耕覆盖播种机配套作业的一种新型保护性耕作机具. 实施保护性耕作技术,最主要的是免耕覆盖播种,但每隔3～5年要深松1次.用该机深松可打破长期翻耕形成的犁底层,有利于雨水的入渗与作物根系的发育,不打乱耕作层,能改善土壤的透水、透气性和土壤的团粒结构.该机结构简单、性能可靠、操作方便.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。