2014年11月全国主要原料、饲料产品价格情况

<正>2014年11月,主要饲料原料价格环比中,除麦麸和进口鱼粉上涨外,其他均下降;维生素类产品中,维生素A、D、E价格均下降;氨基酸产品中,大部分氨基酸价格均有不同程度下降;矿物质类产品中,硫酸铜和硫酸锰价格均小幅下降,硫酸亚铁和硫酸锌价格小幅上涨。饲料产品价格环比中,配合饲料和浓缩饲料下降,添加剂预混合饲料有增有降。1玉米、豆粕、鱼粉等大宗原料11月,全国玉米平均价格2.42元/kg,环比下降     

2012年4月国际市场主要饲料与畜产品价格分析

国际饲料价格涨跌互现。美国玉米期价环比下降2.8%;高粱价格环比下降0.9%;大豆价格环比上涨6.5%。瘦肉猪价格和育肥牛价格分别环比下降1.6%和3.5%;欧盟猪肉价格为环比下降5.5%;     

2015年2月全国主要原料、饲料产品价格情况

<正>2015年2月,主要饲料原料价格环比中,仅进口鱼粉价格上涨0.2%,其他饲料原料均有不同程度的下降;在维生素类产品中,仅维生素D价格小幅上涨,维生素A、E价格均下降;氨基酸产品中,氨基酸价格均呈不同程度下降;矿物质类产品价格中,仅磷酸氢钙和硫酸锌价格小幅上涨,硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜和硫酸锰呈不同幅度下降。饲料产品价格环比中,配合饲料、浓缩饲料和添加剂预混合饲料价格均下降。     

不同处理方式对油茶授粉蜂群的影响

为了探究中华蜜蜂油茶授粉对蜂群的影响,油茶授粉蜂群分别采用饲喂益生菌、脱粉、饲喂糖水等处理方式,分析蜂群群势等变化情况。结果表明,不同处理方式下油茶授粉蜂群的群势和子脾等均呈下降趋势,下降幅度为益生菌组<脱粉组<糖水组,其群势下降程度排序为11.7%<13.2%<17.3%,子脾下降程度排序为33.3%<57.6%<58.3%;分析得知：饲喂益生菌处理组的蜂群群势、子脾面积、蛹面积比另外两组下降程度明显减缓(P<0.05),卵虫、糖脾、粉脾下降差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合分析表明,饲喂益生菌能较大程度的缓解授粉蜂群群势和子脾下降,这为油茶蜜蜂授粉蜂群管理技术提供理论基础。     

2010年2月全国畜产品、饲料价格情况

<正>据对全国470个集贸市场畜禽产品和饲料价格定点监测,2010年2月份仔猪、活猪和猪肉平均价格月环比下降;鸡蛋、牛羊肉、生鲜乳价格延续上涨趋势;玉米价格继续上涨,豆粕及饲料产品价格下降。本月猪粮比价5.9∶1,比上月下降0.5个点。     

2014年2月全国主要原料、饲料产品价格情况

<正>2014年2月,主要饲料原料中玉米和豆粕价格略有下降,进口鱼粉、棉粕、菜粕和麦麸价格温和上涨,维生素类产品和矿物元素类产品价格涨跌互现,饲料产品价格稳中有降。1玉米、豆粕、鱼粉等大宗原料2月,全国玉米平均价格2.31元/kg,环比下降0.9%,同比下降4.9%;1-2月累计均价2.32元/kg,同比下降5.7%。春节前畜禽集中出栏,生猪价格持续下降,饲用玉米消费减     

市场

2月第2周畜产品和饲料集贸市场价格情况据农业部对全国480个集贸市场畜禽产品和饲料价格定点监测,2月第2周(采集日为2月13日)活猪和鸡蛋价格下降,活鸡和牛羊肉价格上涨,生鲜乳和玉米价格平稳。2月第2周,全国活猪平均价格16.42元/千克,环比下降1.1%,同比下降4.3%;仔猪平均价格27.88元/千克,环比上涨0.1%,同比下降11.5%;猪肉平均价格26.68元/千克,环比下降0.3%,同比下降2.7%。全国鸡蛋平均价格10.84元/千克,环比下降0.6%,同比上涨18.3%;活鸡平均价格     

2020年国内18 省份不同月份奶牛繁殖和产奶性能表现研究

通过对全国2020年18 个省份201 个规模奶牛场月度繁殖和产奶量数据进行分析,旨在确定不同月份下奶牛繁殖和产奶性能表现。结果表明：（1）5—6月成母牛受胎率、怀孕率开始下降,7、8月明显下降,9月仍较低,其中7—9月,2胎、3胎及以上牛只受胎率明显低于1胎（平均低4.3~5.1 个百分点）;（2）1—12月后备牛怀孕率、受胎率相对稳定,6—8月未出现明显下降趋势;（3）泌乳牛单产在6月之后呈缓慢下降趋势,平均下降0.50~0.90 kg,泌乳牛峰值产量在6月之后呈较明显下降趋势,其中经产牛下降幅度较大,头胎牛下降幅度较小。因此,为减少奶牛受不同月份热应激影响而导致生产性能下降,建议不同地区奶牛场根据实际情况做好防暑降温工作,优化配种方案,改善营养与饲养管理。     

内生枯草芽孢杆菌265ZY4对温度和紫外光胁迫下紫花针茅生化特征的影响

在高、低温和紫外线胁迫下,将高寒草地紫花针茅的内生细菌265ZY4回接至紫花针茅测定其对寄主抗胁迫能力的影响。结果表明,接种265ZY4后紫花针茅的株高增加35.02%,叶宽增加34.69%;在低温、高温和紫外线胁迫下带菌紫花针茅叶绿素含量高于对照,温度胁迫下叶绿素呈先上升后下降,但紫外线胁迫下呈快速下降;在低温和紫外线胁迫下带菌紫花针茅可溶性糖含量分别在第4和6天后显著高于对照,但可溶性蛋白含量低于对照,温度和紫外线胁迫下可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖呈“上升-下降”的趋势;低温胁迫下带菌紫花针茅超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化显著小于对照,带菌及对照均呈“降低-升高-降低”的规律;紫外线胁迫下带菌植株SOD活性呈现“下降-上升”的趋势,第8天时显著高于对照,对照表现为“下降-上升-下降”的趋势;在低温和紫外线胁迫下带菌紫花针茅苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性高于对照,且在低温胁迫下呈“上升-下降”的趋势,但在高温和紫外线胁迫下呈“下降-上升-下降”的趋势。试验结果表明,内生细菌265ZY4有助于维持逆境胁迫下宿主生化指标的稳定,提高宿主对逆境的忍耐能力。     

放牧强度对浑善达克沙地土壤物理性质的影响

研究了3种放牧强度对沙丘和低地利用单元土壤性质的影响。结果表明：随着放牧强度的增强,低地和沙丘利用单元,粘粒含量下降,砂粒含量增加,土壤颗粒变粗,容重变大,总孔隙度下降;低地利用单元土壤变紧,0～5cm及5～10cm土层含水量下降;阳坡和阴坡紧实度下降,0～5cm土层含水量下降,5～10cm含水量增加。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …