30%克瘟散乳油防治柑桔疮痂病田间药效试验

本文报道了30%克瘟散乳油对柑桔疮痂病的防效和使用方法，试验结果表明30%克瘟散乳油500倍对柑桔疮痂病的防效与1200倍的53.8%可杀得2000干悬浮剂防效相当,且对树体和天敌安全,可在生产中推广应用。     

15%壬菌铜水乳剂防治柑桔炭疽病药效试验

试验表明15％壬菌铜水乳剂对柑桔炭疽病防效好，且耐雨水冲刷，持效期长，使用浓度600～800倍液时，1次药后防效达90％以上，2次药后防效达85％以上，与25％咪鲜胺乳油800倍液防效相当，且壬菌铜水乳剂价格低廉，值得推广使用。     

77%绿澳铜可湿性粉剂防治樱桃番茄枯萎病试验

用77％绿澳铜可湿性粉剂600倍液、800倍液灌根防治樱桃番茄枯萎病防效分别达89．93％和87．32％。明显高于对照药25％络氨铜和50％多菌灵。生产上，建议使用77％绿澳铜可湿性粉剂800倍液。移栽时作为定根水第1次施用，后每隔14d左右灌施药液1次，连续2～3次，可有效地防治樱桃番茄枯萎病。     

3%克菌康和青枯停防治姜瘟病试验示范

用3％克菌康和青枯停与常年用于防治姜瘟病的农用硫酸链霉素,铜大师等农药进行小区对比试验、大田示范。小区试验结果显示,最后一次施药后15d和30d,3％克菌康对姜瘟病的防效分别为72．4％和73．5％,青枯停对姜瘟病的防效分别为72．17％和72．00％;示范田最后一次施药后27～29d调查,克菌康和青枯停的防效分别为80．33％和77．05％,两药均有较好的防效,证明这两种农药可在大田推广使用。     

几种农药对美洲斑潜蝇的防治效果

在美洲斑潜蝇发生较重时期，利用阿维菌素，绿菜宝，蝇螟净，乐齐，蝇杀等10种农药防治来源大田中的美洲斑潜蝇，结果表明，60％的蝇螟净800倍和阿维菌素2000倍防效较好，施药1天后的校正死亡率分别为86．87％和82．24％，而80％蝇杀和1％环宝乳油相对效果较差，利用高脂膜，1．7％印楝乳油对美洲斑潜蝇的室内试验表明，30倍高脂膜能最佳抑制其取食，喷药5天后拒食率可达78．95％，也能有效抑制其产效，拒产卵率可达72．41％，产出的卵经高脂膜处理后，卵化离降为30．19％，而1．7％印楝乳油对美洲斑潜蝇的拒产印率，拒食率，抑制孵化率效果不明显。     

再生稻纹枯病药剂防治技术改进探讨

用20％井冈霉素可溶性粉剂防治再生稻纹枯病，可有效控制纹枯病水平的扩展，始病期施药，纹枯病水平扩展防效为87.6%；始盛期施药防效为71.3%；孕穗初期施药，控制纹枯病垂直扩展防效达87％以上；用改进的防治方法对头季稻纹枯病控害效果更好，防效达91．4％。显著高于传统防治方法的防效66.9%。     

可杀得2000和敌力脱防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验

敌力脱,可杀得对香蕉叶斑病有较好的防治效果,敌力脱１５００,２０００倍防效分别为８３．８９％和７６．８２％,可杀得２０００悬浮性干粉８００,１０００倍防效分别７４．９７％和７０．１３％在推荐使用浓度以内未出现药害。     

灭螨霜防治柑桔全爪螨效果试验

34％灭螨霜乳油1000～2000倍液对柑桔全爪螨具有很好的防效。药后3d防效达83％以上，药后7d防效达到最高，平均防效分别为88．6％、84．2％，药后15d仍能保持80％以上的防效，均高于对照药剂，说明其速效性和持效性都较好，建议推广使用。     

50%螨代治EC防治柑桔全爪螨药效试验

通过田间药效试验，在柑桔全爪螨高峰期，每667m^2用50％螨代治EC2000、1500、1000倍对柑桔全爪螨防治一次，均能达到理想的防效，与农民现今普遍使用的理想药剂73％克螨特EC2500倍的防效相当。在柑桔全、爪螨高峰期，每667m^2用50％螨代治EC1500倍防治即可达到理想效果，具有较好的推广应用前景。     

12.5%烯唑醇防治荸荠秆枯病药效试验

12．5％烯唑醇(WP)防治荸荠秆枯病，安全无药害，持效性好，800倍液处理3次药后10d防效达80．22％，30d后仍达72．08％，与25％敌力脱(EC)1000倍液处理的防效相当，用SSR法测验，二者在0．01水平上差异不显著，但烯唑醇的防治成本更低，值得推广应用。     

Investigation of the Mode of Action of Nematode Neuropeptides

The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway.     

厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查

采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。     

Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.     

百合地下害虫主要种类调查及生物（源）农药筛选

调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。     

棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析

 选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM₄₃₃和EM₁₁₀。     

青稞种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。     

Mode of action of etoxazole

The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition.     

黑麦草属DNA条形码鉴定技术研究

以毒麦、田毒麦、多花黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、硬直黑麦草、高羊茅与狗牙根等禾本科的7种植物为材料,拟采用 DNA 测序、特异性位点比对、种间遗传距离测定、建立系统树等分析候选 DNA 条形码 psbA-trnH 鉴别黑麦草属常见植物的能力。实验结果表明,以 psbA-trnH 为 DNA 条形码时,建立的系统发育树能较好区分毒麦和田毒麦与其他几种植物。psbA-trnH 序列可以作为黑麦草属植物的潜在条形码。     

莠去津的药害问题及药害防范技术研究概述

本文概述了使用莠去津以来，有关该药的药害情况及药害解除方法的研究状况。     

Effects of different temperature treatments on dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates of Sclerotium cepivorum

The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days.