共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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七种药剂对枣缩果病病原菌-细交链孢菌抑制作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为有效防治枣缩果病的危害,选用7种杀菌剂对病原菌——细交链孢菌Alternaria alternata进行了室内抑菌试验和田间药剂防治试验。结果表明:20.67%万兴乳油 68.75%易保可分散粒剂 72%链霉素可溶性粉剂、10%世高可分散粒剂 90%新植霉素可溶性粉剂组合、80%大生M-45可湿性粉剂的抑菌能力最强;其次为20.67%万兴乳油、10%世高可分散粒剂和85%枣病克星可湿性粉剂;4%绿盾农抗120水剂对两种病原菌的抑制作用不明显。 相似文献
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Harminder Preet Kaur Bahadurjeet Singh Amarjeet Kaur Sanehdeep Kaur 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(3):543-550
Fungal endophytes play a significant role in plant resistance to insects by altering the nutritional quality of plants or by production of various alkaloid-based defensive compounds. Ethyl acetate extract of endophytic Alternaria alternata isolated from Azadirachta indica A. Juss was tested for its bioactivity against Spodoptera litura (Fab.). Effect of different concentrations of ethyl acetate extract of A. alternata was assessed on growth and development of S. litura larvae. The results indicate higher larval mortality on diet supplemented with the fungal extract than control. Adverse effects of A. alternata were also observed on development of the insect. Ethyl acetate extract of the fungus also significantly reduced the adult emergence, longevity and reproductive potential of S. litura. Larvae feeding on diet supplemented with fungal extract showed significant reduction in relative growth and consumption rate, as well as efficiency of ingested and digested food. The antifeedant and toxic effects of A. alternata may be due to production of bioactive molecules by this fungus. 相似文献
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Hederstrm Veronica Nyabuga Franklin N. Anderbrant Olle Svensson Glenn P. Rundlf Maj Lankinen sa Larsson Mattias C. 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(2):917-930
Journal of Pest Science - Yield loss caused by insect pests remains a substantial problem in agriculture. Chemical control, with potential negative effects on non-target organisms, is still the... 相似文献
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利用转基因技术将多种抗病基因共同转入毛白杨中以提高其抗性,从而获得毛白杨抗病新品种是目前解决杨树真菌病害的主要研究方向之一。本研究通过根癌农杆菌介导的二次遗传转化,将来源于球孢白僵菌几丁质酶基因Bbchit1转入过量表达无色花色素还原酶基因LAR3转基因毛白杨中,实时定量PCR显示Bbchit1与LAR3均能有效表达,离体抗病试验显示Bbchit1+LAR3共表达转基因毛白杨细胞粗提液对杨树叶枯病菌具有明显抑制作用,进一步将叶枯病菌接种在转基因和非转基因毛白杨叶片上培养30天,转基因植株的感病面积均低于非转基因植株且Bbchit1+LAR3共表达转基因株系抗病效果更明显。上述抗病试验结果表明:LAR3和Bbchit1在杨树中共表达可提高其对叶枯病的抗性。 相似文献
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Alternaria leaf spot of Ailanthus excelsa is generally considered as minor disease in India. Recently, severe disease outbreaks were recorded in the nursery of the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, progeny trial at Jhumpa, Haryana, and in a nearby farm field. Leaf symptoms included small circular, brown, necrotic spots with a chlorotic halo. With severe infections, leaf spots coalesced and resulted in leaf blight. A small‐spored Alternaria with concatenated conidia was isolated consistently from the leaf samples with spot symptoms. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (tef‐1α) gene region of two fungal isolates confirmed the species as A. alternata. In detached leaf assays, both isolates produced symptoms similar to those observed on the nursery/field‐grown plants. To validate the detached leaf assay result, pathogenicity was also demonstrated on whole plants in a glasshouse. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re‐isolating A. alternata from the inoculated leaves. This work is the first to confirm that A. alternata is associated with leaf spot and blight disease of A. excelsa in India. 相似文献
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论林业有害生物防治的外部经济效应 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
用经济学的理论和方法对林业有害生物防治进行了分析和探讨,指出了林业有害生物防治具有公共物品特性和外部性经济效应.林业有害生物防治管理需要政府的干预。 相似文献
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通过开展苹果斑点落叶病(Alternaria mali Roberts)田间药剂防治试验,表明所筛选的7种杀菌剂对苹果斑点落叶病都有很好的防治效果,其中25%丙环唑乳油0.033%浓度的溶液防效最佳,春梢期和秋梢期防效分别达89.84%和94.12%;而春梢期、秋梢期防效相对最差的10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂0.1%浓度的溶液和1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂0.33%浓度的溶液,也达到85.83%和88.36%。这为指导大田防治和交替用药提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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<正>林业有害生物被称为“不冒烟的森林火灾”。近年来我国林业有害生物年均发生面积867万hm~2,每年因病虫害致死树木4亿多株,减少林木生长量1700亿m~3,造成的经济损失近900亿元。我国林业有害生物防治工作经历了一个认识不断提高、指导方针不断完善、防治能力不断提升的发展过程。上世纪70年代,在化学防治占主导地位的背景下,我国林业有害生物防治工作本着“积极消灭”的方针,以彻底消灭病虫为目的,大量使用剧毒化学 相似文献
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美国白蛾是世界性检疫对象,也是我国唯——种被农业、林业共同列为检疫对象的害虫,近年来美国白蛾在山东乃至全国许多地区暴发成灾,文章分析了美国白蛾的入侵途径及综合防治措施,并从政府领导、公众参与、科学研究、立法防治等方面探讨了美国白蛾的综合防控对策。
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以银海枣褐斑病的病原菌链格孢刺葵专化型为材料,研究其对寄主和非寄主叶片伤口的趋向性及其特异性.结果显示病菌对寄主叶片伤口具有强烈的趋向性,对非寄主伤口则基本缺乏定向性生长.趋向性的存在和强度与病菌对供试植物的识别和成功侵染有密切联系.病菌的趋向性受到伤口与孢子之间距离的影响,在500μm范围内,趋向性反应最强,但当距离超过1 000μm后,趋向性下降甚至消失.伤口新鲜度是影响趋向性强度的另外一个因素,新鲜伤口对真菌芽管具有较强的吸引力,但24 h的伤口对芽管吸引力大幅下降,48 h或以上时间的伤口基本失去了吸引力.沾染了非寄主叶片汁液的寄主伤口的吸引力下降;而沾染寄主叶片汁液的非寄主伤口的吸引力却上升.病菌在寄主叶片汁液中生长旺盛,但在非寄主叶片汁液中生长贫弱.链格孢刺葵专化型对寄主伤I:1的趋向性生长具有明显的特异性,趋向性是该病理系统病菌与寄主识别的首发事件,对于启动病菌对寄主植物的成功侵染起着关键作用. 相似文献
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植物体内普遍存在内生真菌,它们可以产生与宿主相同或相似的生理活性物质。通过微生物发酵产生生理活性物质可以为解决能源短缺和寻找替代能源开辟一条新途径。作者初步探讨了分离和纯化高产菌株以及对其发酵代谢产物的结构鉴定的方法。采用溶剂提取法、薄层色谱法和柱色普法,对从东北红豆杉(T.cuspidataSieb.etZucc.)上分离筛选出的高产紫杉烷类物质紫杉链格孢(Alternariaalternatavar.taxi1011Y.XiangetLUAn-guo)1011菌株的发酵产物进行分离纯化,提取了一个化合物Ⅰ。经紫外扫描、红外扫描、质谱、核磁共振等方法鉴定,确定该化合物为紫杉烷类二萜Ⅲ型化合物。图1表2参12。 相似文献
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森林病虫害工程治理是我国森防工作深化改革的一项重大举措.它具有要求有很强的时空性、集中解决主要矛盾、技术上的先进性和实施上的权威性以及强调过程与结果的统一等内涵;它的理论基础是系统论. 相似文献
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